A new species of bagrid catfish in the genus Leiocassis is described from the Mahakam River drainage in eastern Borneo. Leiocassis rudicula, new species, can be distinguished from congeners in having a unique combination of: distinct concavity at level of orbit in dorsolateral profile of head; tip of supraoccipital spine not reaching anterior nuchal plate element; smooth posterior margin of dorsal spine; presence of an irregular pale band on sides of body between dorsal and adipose fins; anal fin with narrow brown band across middle third of fin; narrow caudal-fin lobes with nearly straight posterior margins; snout length 36-40% HL; eye diameter 14-20% HL; head depth 17.6-20.0% SL; length of dorsal-fin spine 14.1-18.5% SL; length of pectoral-fin spine 15.1-17.7 %SL; dorsal-to-adipose distance 10.9-14.3% SL; body depth at anus 16.4-19.5% SL; length of adipose-fin base 18.9-24.1% SL; length of anal-fin base 18.8-22.6% SL; and caudal peduncle depth 9.1-10.9% SL. A revised key to the genus is also provided.