Species Of Aphelinidae Research Articles

Small but not ephemeral: newly discovered species of Aphelinidae and Trichogrammatidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Eocene amber

AbstractNew species of fossil Aphelinidae and Trichogrammatidae are described from middle Eocene (Lutetian) Baltic amber (41.3–47.8 Ma). A new subfamily, two new genera and three new species of Aphelinidae are described, with comments on their placement: Phtuaria fimbriae gen.n., sp.n. in Phtuariinae subf.n., Glaesaphytis interregni gen.n., sp.n. and Centrodora brevispinae sp.n. These represent the first described true fossil Aphelinidae. Four new species of Trichogrammatidae are described: Mirufens illusionis sp.n., Palaeogramma eos gen.n., sp.n., Pterandrophysalis plasmans sp.n. and Szelenyia terebrae sp.n., thus expanding our knowledge of fossil Trichogrammatidae beyond the single previously described species. The presence of recognizable extant genera of Aphelinidae and Trichogrammatidae in the Eocene suggests that the morphology of these genera has been relatively invariant despite highly variable conditions during and since the Eocene.This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E9AD60B6‐3D56‐4E74‐AA54‐F7B91F4FDC79.

Biodiversidad de Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) en México

In Mexico, 184 species in 12 genera and 4 subfamilies of Aphelinidae were registered, according to literature and our investigations during the last decade. Taxonomic data, number of subfamilies, genera and species of Aphelinidae, distribution in Mexican states, bio-ecological data for species – morphology, biology, economic importance, role in natural ecosystems as helpful parasitoids of insects, are given.

Parasitoids of the Australian citrus whitefly, Orchamoplatus citri (Takahashi) (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae), with description of a new Eretmocerus species (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae)

A field survey for potential biological control agents of the Australian citrus whitefly, Orchamoplatus citri (Takahashi), resulted in the discovery of three species of chalcid parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea), viz.: Cales orchamoplati Viggiani & Carver, a species belonging to a genus that is currently unplaced to family within Chalcidoidea, and two species of Aphelinidae, Encarsia iris (Girault) and Eretmocerus orchamoplati sp. nov. Orchamoplatus citri is the first host record for E. iris. Morphological diagnoses are given, and DNA sequence data of the 28S rDNA and the cytochrome oxidase I genes are provided to define species at the molecular level.

KELIMPAHAN DAN KEANEKARAGAMAN SPESIES SERANGGA PREDATOR DAN PARASITOID Aphis gossypii DI SUMATERA SELATAN

This study was aimed to analysis abundance and species diversity of predatory insects and parasitoid of Aphis gossypii from lowland and highland areas of South Sumatra. Survey of was conducted in 11 vegetable centers of South Sumatra. The results showed that 20 species of predatory insects and 3 species of parasitoids were found from the survey. The predatory insects consisted of 15 species of coccinellid beetles, two species of syrphids, and one species of chamaemyiid, mantid and staphylinid. Parasitoid found were 2 species of Aphidiidae (Diaretiella rapae and Aphidius sp.) and a species of Aphelinidae (Aphelinus sp.). The highest abundance of the predator was found in Soak (42.61 larvae and adults) and the highest abundance of the parasitoid was found in Talang Buruk (25.99 adults). The highest species diversity of the predator and the parasitoid were found in Soak (15 species and H’= 0.94) and in Talang Buruk (2 species and H’ = 0.27), respectively. Abundance and species diversity of the predators and parasitoids were higher in the dry season than those in rainy season. Thus, the abundance and species diversity of the predators and parasiotids were higher in the lowland than highland areas in South Sumatra, while the seasons affected the abundance and species diversity of the predators and parasitoids.

Development and use of parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae & Aphelinidae) for biological control of aphids in China1

A review of aphid parasitoids in China with special emphasis on their production, utilization, and conservation is presented with a brief history of Chinese biological control. Twenty genera, 99 species of Aphidiidae and two genera, 11 species of Aphelinidae were recorded in China. Each parasitoid is listed with a brief description of aphids, host plants, areas of study such as taxonomy, biology, bionomics, geographic distribution, rearing, and literature citations. Achievements, status, and problems in aphid parasitoid production, utilization, conservation, and future prospects are detailed for dominant aphid parasitoids such as Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead, A. ervi Haliday and Aphelinus mali Haldeman. Finally, opportunities and challenges of commercialization of natural enemies, especially aphid parasitoids, in China, are analyzed and discussed.

Coccophagus basalis (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae): Its Introduction into California with Studies of Its Biology1

In 1958, Coccophatfiis basalis Comp., a species of Aphelinidae which reproduces as a primary parasite of several species of lecaniine scale insects, was imported into California from Brazil. The eggs of C. basalis are deposited only within the subesophageal ganglion of its host. The development of the fertilized (female-producing) egg through the following immature stages proceeds without interruption. The larva, upon hatching, leaves the ganglion. After feeding on body fluids of the scale insect, the larva cocoons and pupates within the remaining fluids of the living host. Post-embryonic development of the unfertilized (male-producing) egg proceeds only if the host is subsequently attacked by certain other parasitic species upon which the male larva necessarily feeds as a secondary ectoparasite. The unfertilized (male-producing) egg containing its diapausing larva frequently is found enclosed in a black jackot of unknown composition. In 1959, C. basalis was propagated and colonized in southern California on Coccus hesperidum L., Saissctia hcmisphacrica (Targ.), and S. olcac (Bern.). It was recovered from 4 of 20 release sites.