Species Of Ser Research Articles

Ornithogalum adamii, a new dwarf species from the Tanqua Karoo, Western Cape and the new combinations O. humanii and Albuca crispolanata (Hyacinthaceae: Ornithogaloideae)

Ornithogalum adamii J.C.Manning is a new dwarf hysteranthous-leaved species from the southern Tanqua Karoo of Western Cape, South Africa. It is distinguished by leathery black outer bulb tunics, 1 or 2 leaves with narrowly oblong-elliptic blades with thickened cartilaginous margins, and a few-flowered sub-corymbose raceme of small flowers with tepals 4–6 mm long and dimorphic, unequal stamens. It is morphologically most similar to the other dwarf species in ser. Nanaspasia (U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt of section Linaspasia U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies. The new combination O. humanii (Mart.-Azorín et al.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt is provided for the species described as Eliokarmos humanii Mart.-Azorín et al., and Trimelopter crispolanatum Mart.-Azorín et al. is transferred to the genus Albuca L. as A. crispolanata (Mart.-Azorín et al.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt.

Systematics of Ledebouria sect. Resnova (Hyacinthaceae: Scilloideae: Massonieae), with a new subtribal classification of Massonieae

The species in Ledebouria sect. Resnova are revised, with an identification key, full nomenclature, descriptions, ecological notes, and illustrations. Sect. Resnova is defined by its deeply campanulate flowers with tepals shortly connate basally and erect throughout or spreading distally; biseriate stamens with white, filiform filaments; sessile or subsessile ovary; and diagnostic seeds, obliquely obovoid with an inflated and invaginated raphe, and a finely puberulous-echinulate testa. Five species are recognised, divided between the monotypic ser. Lachenalioides, diagnosed by larger flowers with multi-nerved tepals, and ser. Resnova, with smaller flowers and uni-nerved tepals. Species in ser. Resnova are distinguished primarily by the presence or absence of hairs on one or both surfaces of the leaves, and by the presence or absence of a pseudopetiole. The new species Ledebouria hardyi J.C.Manning is described for a collection of plants from near Burgersfort in Limpopo with mostly solitary, markedly pseudopetiolate foliage. The species in sect. Resnova are geographically and ecologically separated by altitude and climate. A revised subtribal classification is provided for Massonieae, based on available phylogenetic hypotheses. Three subtribes are recognised: the monotypic Merwillineae is described for the genus Merwilla and is diagnosed by its white ovary and beige seeds; the genus Schizocarphus is transferred to join Ledebouria in Ledebouriinae, which is weakly diagnosed by the development of multiple inflorescences in some species and a flexuous scape; and Lachenaliinae is included within Massoniinae, which comprises all remaining genera in the tribe and is diagnosed by its few to many subglobose seeds per locule and often tunicated bulbs. This classification replaces existing hypotheses, which are inconsistent with available morphological and phylogenetic data.

Taxonomic revision of Rubus ser. Sylvatici in the Pannonian Basin and adjacent regions

In this study we revised apomictic taxa of Rubus ser. Sylvatici occurring in the Pannonian Basin and adjacent regions (i.e. the northern Balkans, Carpathians, and eastern and southern edges of the Alps). The first modern taxonomic studies on this series in the area studied were carried out by W. Maurer (from the 1960s), who described three new species, R. juennensis, R. salzmannii and R. venosus, disentangled the position of R. ferox and presented the first reliable data on R. macrophyllus. A further species, R. wimmerianus, was recorded by various authors in the 1990s in the northern part of the area. Based on comprehensive herbarium revisions, incl. assessment of the original material for several names, and recent field studies, we confirmed that the species in ser. Sylvatici described by Maurer are well-defined and taxonomically well-positioned. In addition, we describe here a widely distributed new species, R. maureri, occurring from Italy to Hungary, that was earlier confused with R. macrophyllus. We present the full synonymy (incl. necessary typifications) and an updated distribution map for R. ferox, and broaden the knowledge on the taxonomic position, chorology and ecology of R. juennensis, R. macrophyllus, R. salzmannii, R. venosus and R. wimmerianus. An extended morphological characterization, iconography (pen-drawings, photographs of living plants and type specimens) for most of the species studied are provided. Finally, we discuss the taxonomic position of R. angustipaniculatus and R. solvensis, which were placed by some authors in the ser. Sylvatici, and support keeping the first species in ser. Rhamnifolii and the second in ser. Vestiti.

Development of Plastid Genomic Resources for Discrimination and Classification of Epimedium wushanense (Berberidaceae)

Epimedium wushanense (Berberidaceae) is recorded as the source plant of Epimedii Wushanensis Folium in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. However, controversies exist on the classification of E. wushanense and its closely related species, namely, E. pseudowushanense, E. chlorandrum, E. mikinorii, E. ilicifolium, and E. borealiguizhouense. These species are often confused with one another because of their highly similar morphological characteristics. This confusion leads to misuse in the medicinal market threatening efficiency and safety. Here, we studied the plastid genomes of these Epimedium species. Results show that the plastid genomes of E. wushanense and its relative species are typical circular tetramerous structure, with lengths of 156,855–158,251 bp. A total of 112 genes were identified from the Epimedium plastid genomes, including 78 protein-coding, 30 tRNA, and 4 rRNA genes. A loss of rpl32 gene in E. chlorandrum was found for the first time in this study. The phylogenetic trees constructed indicated that E. wushanense can be distinguished from its closely related species. E. wushanense shows a closer relationship to species in ser. Dolichocerae. In conclusion, the use of plastid genomes contributes useful genetic information for identifying medicinally important species E. wushanense and provides new evidence for understanding phylogenetic relationships within the Epimedium genus.

Echeveria xochipalensis (Crassulaceae), a new species from Guerrero, Mexico

Echeveria xochipalensis, from the state of Guerrero, Mexico, is described as a new species to science. It is related to species of ser. Gibbiflorae, particularly to both E. fulgens varieties, from which it is distinguished by its green to lilac-gray spatulate leaves, although they commonly are coppery tinged; the leaves are rigid and with entire margin (not crenate), the margin is yellow-hyaline; bracts oblanceolate with rigid consistency; corolla pink at base and orange at the apex and whitish filaments, ovaries and nectary scales.

Epimedium xichangense (Berberidaceae), a new species from Sichuan, China

A new species of Epimedium L. (Berberidaceae), E. xichangense Y. J. Zhang, is described and illustrated from Xichang, Sichuan Province, China. E. xichangense has large flower with petals bearing long spurs and obvious basal lamina, and should be a member of ser. Davidianae. The species is easily distinguished from other species of ser. Davidianae by its compact rhizome, leaflet number and morphology, leaf number and arrangement on the flowering stem, flower color, and shape and size of inner sepal and petal. Epimedium xichangense is most similar to E. elongatum of ser. Dolichocerae in morphology, but they can be differentiated clearly by the flower and rhizome characters.

Campanula teutana, a new isophyllous Campanula (Campanulaceae) from the Adriatic region

The Balkan Peninsula and the amphi-Adriatic region are biodiversity centres with a high number of Campanula species, some of them with restricted and isolated distributions. Among those is the morphologically, karyologically and genetically well-defined linage of isophyllous Campanula species of the garganica clade, taxonomically treated as Campanula ser. Garganicae. In the central Adriatic, on the Island of Vis (Croatia), an isophyllous Campanula was found growing in rocky crevices of calcareous sea cliffs among chasmophytic vegetation with extremely challenging ecological conditions. Based on morphological characters (monopodial growth form, cordate to ovate basal leaves, campanulate corolla, presence of obtuse hairs at the base of filaments, capsule opening by basal pores and brown shiny seeds) the unidentified plant from the Island of Vis falls into ser. Garganicae. To establish the phylogenetic position and relationships of the unknown Campanula among other species of the garganica clade, nuclear ITS and chloroplast trnL-F sequences as well as comparative morphology, karyology and scanning electron microscopy of seeds were used. Due to its campanulate corolla the plants from Vis are morphologically close to C. portenschlagiana from the eastern Adriatic, from which they differ in several quantitative floral characters. The karyological analysis revealed a diploid chromosome number (2n = 34), while SEM analysis showed that seed coat of new taxon has weakly striate testa, thin wavy striped radial walls and slightly marked lumen. Additionally, molecular data show that the Vis taxon is clearly separated as a distinct species from other species of ser. Garganicae. Therefore, it is described and illustrated as a new species, Campanula teutana Bogdanović & Brullo. Because of the small number of individuals within the single population, C. teutana should be included on the Red List of the vascular flora of Croatia as an endangered species (EN).

Nueva especie arbustiva de Nasa Weigend ser. Carunculatae (Urb. & Gilg) Weigend (Loasaceae) de la Zona Amotape-Huancabamba

Nasa is the largest genera in the Loasaceae family and it is particularly speciose in the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone of northern Peru. Nasa ser. Carunculatae is a group of four species, three of them endemic to the Amotape- Huancabamba Zone. Species in this group are characterized by their shrubby habit, deciduous leaves, and typical tilt-revolving flowers with white to greenish petals. In this work, we describe a new species of Nasa ser. Carunculatae from the southern limit of Amotape-Huancabamba area, La Libertad, Peru. The species differs from others in having much smaller and notably narrower leaves. Unlike all the other species of ser. Carunculatae , the entire distal portion of the stem is densely glandular. It is apparently most closely related to Nasa carunculata, a species known from inter-Andean valleys of Ancash and Ayacucho.

Nitrate Reductase Phylogeny of Potato (Solanum sect. Petota) Genomes with Emphasis on the Origins of the Polyploid Species

Solanum section Petota is taxonomically difficult, partly because of interspecific hybridization at both the diploid and polyploid levels. There is much disagreement regarding species boundaries and affiliation of species to series. Elucidating the phylogenetic relationships within the polyploids is crucial for an effective taxonomic treatment of the section and for the utilization of wild potato germplasm in breeding programs. We here infer relationships among the potato diploids and polyploids using nitrate reductase (NIA) sequence data in comparison to prior plastid phylogenies and: 1) examine genome types within section Petota, 2) show species in the polyploid series Conicibaccata, Longipedicellata, and in the Iopetalum group to be derived from allopolyploidization, 3) support an earlier hypothesis by confirming S. verrucosum as the maternal genome donor for the polyploid species S. demissum as well as species in the Iopetalum Group, 4) demonstrate that S. verrucosum is the closest relative to the maternal genome donor for species in ser. Longipedicellata, 5) support the close relationship between S. acaule and diploid species from series Megistacroloba and Tuberosa, and 6) show the North and Central American B genome species to be well distinguished from the A genome species of South America.

Molecular evolution of 35S rDNA and taxonomic status of Lycopersicon within Solanum sect. Petota

To clarify the taxonomic status of tomatoes (“Lycopersicon”) and their relationship to the members of sect. Petota of genus Solanum L., organization of the rDNA external transcribed spacer (5′ ETS) was studied in 33 Solanum and “Lycopersicon” species. Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that three major groups can be distinguished. Non-tuber-bearing species of ser. Etuberosa as well as tuber-bearing Central American diploids appeared as a paraphyletic group. The first of two well-defined clades embraced all tuber-bearing South American species and Central American polyploids. The other clade (named “tomato clade”) contains non-tuber-bearing species of ser. Juglandifolia and tomato species of ser. Neolycopersicon, which appears to be imbedded in sect. Petota. The new 5′ ETS variant D characterized by a cluster of downstream subrepeats is characteristic for the tomato clade. The variant D originated directly from the most ancestral variant A found in ser. Etuberosa and the Central American diploids, whereas variants B and C specific for the tuber-bearing South American species and Central American polyploids represent a parallel lineage of molecular evolution. The sequence analysis demonstrates the existence of an evolutionary trend of parallel multiplication of specific motifs in 5′ ETS in different groups of sect. Petota.

A Morphometric Study of Species Boundaries of the Wild Potato Solanum Series Piurana (Solanaceae) and Putatively Related Species from Seven Other Series in Solanum Sect. Petota

There are about 190 wild potato (Solanum L. section Petota Dumort.) species distributed from the southwestern United States to central Argentina and adjacent Chile and Uruguay. The morphological similarity of many of its constituent species has led to widely conflicting taxonomic treatments. Solanum series Piurana Hawkes is one of 21 series recognized in section Petota in the latest comprehensive taxonomic treatment by Hawkes in 1990. They are distributed from southern Colombia, south through Ecuador to central Peru. The limits of the series and validity of its constituent species are unresolved. We provide the first comprehensive morphological phenetic study of the series, to include putatively related species in ser. Conicibaccata, Cuneoalata, Ingifolia, Megistacroloba, Simplicissima, Tuberosa, and Yungasensa, through an examination 188 living germplasm accessions of 33 species, planted in replicated plots in a field station in Andean Peru. Only four morphologically well-defined groups were supported. Continuing work is exploring molecular support for these species in these eight series.

A new species of Minuartia (Caryophyllaceae) from the island of Evvia (Greece)

Minuartia dirphya from Mt Dirphys (Evvia) is described as a species new to science. It is closely related to M. wettsteinii from Mt Thriptis (East Kriti) and M. parnonia from Mt Pamon (South Peloponnisos). The three narrow endemic species form a well‐defined group, the Minuartia wettsteinii‐group, within Minuartia ser. Laricifoliae Mc Neill. Additions to the descriptions, chorological and ecological data for M. wettsteinii and M. parnonia are provided. The morphological characters of the group and the differences to the other species of ser. Laricifoliae are discussed. A key to the species, illustrations of the taxa and their seeds, chromosome numbers and data on their geographical distribution are also provided.

Molecular evolution of rDNA external transcribed spacer and phylogeny of sect. Petota (genus Solanum)

The 5 ′ external transcribed spacer (ETS) region of ribosomal DNA of 30 species of Solanum sect. Petota and the European Solanum dulcamara were compared. Two structural elements can be distinguished in the ETS: (i) a variable region (VR), demonstrating significant structural rearrangements and (ii) a conservative region (CR), evolving mainly by base substitutions. In VR, a conservative element (CE) with similarity to the ETS of distantly related Nicotiana is present. The ancestral organization of ETS (variant A) was found for non-tuber-bearing species of ser. Etuberosa, tuber-bearing wild potatoes of Central American ser. Bulbocastana, Pinnatisecta, and Polyadenia and S. dulcamara. Duplication of CE took place in the ETS of species from ser. Commersoniana and Circaeifolia (variant B). South American diploids and Mexican polyploids from superser. Rotata also possess two CE, and additionally two duplications around CE1 are present in VR (variant C). Three major lineages could be distinguished: non-tuber-bearing species of ser. Etuberosa, tuber-bearing Central American diploids and all South American species radiated from a common ancestor at early stages of evolution, indicating a South American origin of the tuber-bearing species. Later, Central and South American diploids evolved further as independent lineages. South American species form a monophyletic group composed of series with both stellata and rotata flower morphology. Solanum commersonii represents a sister taxon for all rotata species, whereas ser. Circaeifolia diverged earlier. Two main groups, C1 and C2, may be distinguished for species possessing ETS variant C. C1 contains ser. Megistacroloba, Conicibaccata, Maglia, and Acaulia, whereas all diploids of ser. Tuberosa are combined into C2. A closer relationship of Solanum chacoense (ser. Yungasensa) to the C2 group was found. The origin of polyploid species Solanum maglia, Solanum acaule, Solanum tuberosum, Solanum iopetalum, and Solanum demissum is discussed.

Reduction of species in the wild potato Solanum section Petota series Longipedicellata: AFLP, RAPD and chloroplast SSR data.

Species boundaries were assessed with three molecular markers [AFLPs, RAPDs and chloroplast simple sequence repeats (cpSSRs)] for all six species of wild potatoes ( Solanum section Petota) assigned to ser. Longipedicellata: Solanum fendleri, S. hjertingii, S. matehualae, S. papita, S. polytrichon and S. stoloniferum. These tetraploid (2n = 4 x = 48) species grow in the southeastern United States ( S. fendleri) and Mexico (all six species), and a recent morphological analysis supported only three species: (1) S. polytrichon, (2) S. hjertingii (including S. matehualae) and (3) S. stoloniferum (including S. fendleri and S. papita). We analyzed all six species of ser. Longipedicellata (tetraploid) and also analyzed diploids in ser. Bulbocastana, ser. Pinnatisecta, ser. Polyadenia and ser. Tuberosa; tetraploids in ser. Acaulia and hexaploids in ser. Demissa. Concordant with morphological data, AFLP and RAPD results support the synonymy of S. hjertingii and S. matehualae, and completely intermix S. papita and S. fendleri. However, accessions of S. stoloniferum have a tendency to cluster but with exceptions, and S. polytrichon is completely intermixed with S. fendleri and S. papita. The cpSSRs fail to distinguish any of the species in ser. Longipedicellata. Combined morphological and molecular data support only two species in ser. Longipedicellata: S. hjertingii and S. stoloniferum.

Highly polymorphic AFLP markers as a complementary tool to ITS sequences in assessing genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) and its wild relatives

Comparative analyses of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationshipsof sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) and its wildrelatives in Ipomoea series Batataswere conducted using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and sequencedata from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA. LowITS divergence among thirteen species of ser. Batatasresulted in poorly resolved relationships. More variable AFLP characters werefound to be more efficient in characterizing genetic diversity and phylogeneticrelationships at both intra- and interspecific levels within ser.Batatas. Highly informative AFLP fingerprints of 36accessions representing 10 species of ser. Batatas weregenerated using only six primer combinations. Of the species examined,I. trifida was found to be the mostclosely related to I. batatas, whileI. ramosissima andI. umbraticola were the most distantlyrelated to I. batatas. The highlypolymorphic AFLP markers are a valuable tool in assessing genetic diversity andphylogenetic relationships of sweetpotato and its wild relatives.

Species and series boundaries of Solanum series Longipedicellata (Solanaceae) and phenetically similar species in ser. Demissa and ser. Tuberosa: implications for a practical taxonomy of Section Petota

Species boundaries were assessed by phenetic analyses of morphological data for all species of wild potatoes (SOLANUM: section PETOTA:) assigned to ser. LONGIPEDICELLATA: S. fendleri, S. hjertingii, S. matehualae, S. papita, S. polytrichon, and S. stoloniferum. These six tetraploid species grow in the southeastern United States (S. fendleri) and Mexico (all six species). We also analyzed morphologically similar species in ser. DEMISSA: (S. demissum) and ser. TUBEROSA: (S. avilesii, S. gourlayi, S. verrucosum). We chose S. verrucosum and S. demissum as Mexican representatives, and S. avilesii and S. gourlayi as South American representatives of other series that are difficult to distinguish from ser. LONGIPEDICELLATA: We also analyzed morphologically more dissimilar species in ser. TUBEROSA: (S. berthaultii) and ser. YUNGASENSIA: (S. chacoense). The results support only three species in ser. LONGIPEDICELLATA: (1) S. polytrichon, (2) S. hjertingii + S. matehualae, (3) S. fendleri + S. papita + S. stoloniferum. Solanum avilesii, S. gourlayi, and to a lesser extent S. demissum and S. verrucosum are very similar to members of ser. LONGIPEDICELLATA: and are difficult to distinguish practically from them, despite differences in chromosome numbers and crossability relationships. These data help document and explain the extensive taxonomic difficulty in sect. Petota, highlight conflicts between biological and morphological species concepts, and add to a growing body of evidence that too many wild potato species are recognized.

Reexamination of series relationships of South American wild potatoes (Solanaceae: Solanum sect. Petota): evidence from chloroplast DNA restriction site variation

Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) restriction enzyme site analysis was used to test hypotheses of series and superseries affiliations of 76 taxa, representing 11 of the 13 South American series (material unavailable for two series) of wild potatoes (Solanum sect. Petota) recognized in the latest classification by Hawkes. The cladistic results, combined with those from earlier cpDNA studies of 30 taxa of the Mexican and Central American species (representing eight series; ser. Conicibaccata and ser. Tuberosa have representatives in Mexico and in South America), support four main clades for 17 of the 19 series examined in sect. Petota: (1) the Mexican and Central American diploid species, exclusive of S. bulbocastanum, S. cardiophyllum, and S. verrucosum, (2) S. bulbocastanum and S. cardiophyllum (ser. Bulbocastana, ser. Pinnatisecta), (3) South American diploid species constituting all of ser. Piurana, but also members of ser. Conicibaccata, ser. Megistacroloba, ser. Tuberosa, and ser. Yungasensia, (4) all Mexican and Central American polyploid species (ser. Longipedicellata, ser. Demissa), S. verrucosum (diploid Mexican species in ser. Tuberosa), and South American diploid and polyploid members of ser. Acaulia, ser. Circaeifolia, ser. Commersoniana, ser. Conicibaccata, ser. Cuneoalata, ser. Lignicaulia, ser. Maglia, ser. Megistacroloba, ser. Tuberosa, and ser. Yungasensia. Each of these clades contains morphologically and reproductively very diverse species, and there are no evident morphological features that unite members within a clade to therefore distinguish them. These results strongly suggest a need for a reevaluation of the series and superseries classifications of sect. Petota.

Chloroplast DNA Analysis of Solanum bulbocastanum and S. cardiophyllum, and Evidence for the Distinctiveness of S. cardiophyllum Subsp. ehrenbergii (Sect. Petota)

Chloroplast DNA restriction site analysis was used to test hypotheses of sister group relationships of the diploid Mexican wild potato species Solanum bulbocastanum (ser. Bulbocastana) and S. cardiophyllum (ser. Pinnatisecta). A prior chloroplast DNA study including two accessions each of these two species supported them as sister taxa, widely separated from their presumed closest Mexican diploid species relatives. The present study samples more widely by examining 28 accessions of all three subspecies of S. bulbocastanum, and 20 accessions of all three subspecies of S. cardiophyllum. The results support two main clades exclusive of the outgroup: 1. Solanum bulbocastanum (all subspecies) and S. cardiophyllum (all subspecies except subsp. ehrenbergii), and 2. S. cardiophyllum subsp. ehrenbergii and members of ser. Pinnatisecta other than subsp. ehrenbergii. In the first clade, there was little resolution and some chloroplast types were shared by three subspecies of S. bulbocastanum and two subspecies of S. cardiophyllum. These results, in combination with an earlier chloroplast DNA study of the Mexican and Central American species, suggest that subsp. ehrenbergii is related to other members of ser. Pinnatisecta, possibly S. brachistotrichum or S. stenophyllidium, or alternatively that subsp. ehrenbergii obtained the chloroplast genome of a species in ser. Pinnatisecta by introgression.

Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Rubus (Rosaceae) series Radula on the Iberian Peninsula

Monasterio‐Huelin. E. 1995. Taxonomv and distribution of the genus Rubus (Rosaceae) series Radulu on the Iberian Peninsula. — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 365–373. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.The majority of european batologists currently interpret the ser. Radula in a sense different from that given by its original author. According to the modem concept, this series is separated into two, distinguished by the leaflets felted beneath (ser. Radula) versus not felted (ser. Pallidi). Following this criterion, we include 7 species in ser. Radula, one of which (R. pauanus) is described as new, and provide a photograph of the holotype, an analysis of pollen, and a distribution map. Also provided are keys to the series of the subgenus Rubus and to the species of the ser. Radula, and a comparative study from a morphological and biogeographical perspective of all species which comprise this series on the Iberian Peninsula.

A New Species of Astragalus (Leguminosae) from Northwestern New Mexico and Adjacent Arizona

Astragalus chuskanus Barneby & Spellenberg, a new species of ser. Humistratae, is described, figured, discussed, and inserted into current monographic keys to the genus.