Diversity Of Fruit Fly Species Research Articles

Species diversity of fruit flies (Bactrocera spp.) in Guava orchards of Sahanpur District of Uttar Pradesh

Species diversity of fruit flies (Bactrocera spp.) in Guava orchards of Sahanpur District of Uttar Pradesh

Species diversity of fruit flies (Bactrocera spp.) in Guava orchards of Sahanpur district of Uttar Pradesh

Species diversity of fruit flies (Bactrocera spp.) in Guava orchards of Sahanpur district of Uttar Pradesh

Ecotone effect on the fruit fly assemblages (Diptera: Tephritidae) in natural and anthropized environments.

Various species of fruit flies are important pests of fruit cultures and in some crop of vegetables worldwide. Studies of their population patterns, ecological processes and mechanisms that influence their sampling and distribution in the ecosystems, provides important information to support researches on species diversity and ecologically based pest control programs. The aims of this paper were to analyze the patterns of fruit fly species: diversity, abundance and composition in the margin and inside of a fragment of native forest (35 ha); on the margin and in the inside a commercial orchard (2.5 ha). This research was carried out in transects in a fragment of semideciduous forest and in a commercial orchard in the region of Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. A total of 1,918 adult fruit flies: 1,350 Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (♂♂+♀♀) and 568 of the genus Anastrepha Schiner (275♂♂ + 293♀♀) from six infrageneric groups and 12 different species were captured. C. capitata (80%), and Anastrepha sororcula Zucchi were the most abundant species, being this last one representing 50.68% of individuals in the genus Anastrepha. There are significant differences in species diversity of fruit flies caught in the traps installed in the edge and inside of both environments: traps installed in the forest edge had higher diversity index (H' = 2.13) in compare to the inside of forest (H' = 1.67), with the same pattern repeated in the orchard: edge (H' = 0.55) and inside (H' = 0.41). The results in this paper corroborate with the prediction that in ecotonal areas between environments there are higher diversity in compare with the inside of each of the confronting ecosystems. The technique proposed here saves time, effort and resources in rapid inventories for sampling fruit fly species richness in natural forests and large fruit tree orchards.

KERAGAMAN JENIS LALAT BUAH PADA BEBERAPA TANAMAN BUAH-BUAHAN DI KABUPATEN GOWA SULAWESI SELATAN

The aim of the study was to determine the diversity of fruit fly species (Bactrocera spp.) found in fruit trees in the lowlands Bontomarannu and highlands Tinggimoncong of Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi. The research took place for five months, starting from February to July 2020 which was carried out in two stages. The first stage was to fruit attacked by fruit flies and then put them in a plastic jar filled with sterile fine sand. The jar is covered with gauze and left until a cocoon is formed and an adult insect is born. Adult insects were transferred to petri dishes containing cork and had been smeared with honey as food for fruit flies. The population of adult insects was counted and then identified using a microscope. The second stage is setting traps containing attractant Methyl Eugonol for seven days on fruit plants. Observations were made daily on trapped fruit flies. The attractants in the traps were updated daily for subsequent observations for seven days. Fruit flies were brought to the laboratory for identification using a microscope. The identification results showed that there were five species of fruit flies namely B. papajae, B. carambolae, B. umbrosa, B. occipitalis and B. Cucurbitae.

Occurrence of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the municipality of Alvorada do Gurguéia in South Central Piauí, Brazil

The state of Piauí is in a Cerrado/Caatinga transition area, which is known the richness of its fauna and flora. Therefore, this work aims to know the diversity of fruit fly species in cashew orchards and native forest fragments in the south-central region of Piauí. Fruit flies were collected in McPhail traps and by sampling fruits. The material collected from the traps and the fruits in the two areas were taken to the Laboratory of Phytotechnics from Campus Prof. Cinobelina Elvas at the Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI/CPCE), municipality of Bom Jesus, Piauí, Brazil. In McPhail traps, six species of the genus Anastrepha: A. alveata, A. dissimilis, A. fraterculus, A. manihoti, A. obliqua, and A. zenildae were captured, of which A. fraterculus, A. obliqua, and A. zenildae were present in both areas. Anastrepha alveata, A. dissimilis and A. manihoti occurred only in the cashew orchard. In fruit sampling, A. fraterculus, A. obliqua, and A. zenildae infested wild-guava fruits, Myrcia tomentosa (Myrtaceae), in native forest. Anastrepha fraterculus, A. obliqua and A. zenildae were obtained directly from M. tomentosa fruits and from traps. The availability of host fruits is the factor that most influences the population fluctuation of fruit flies, mainly in the native forest area. Anastrepha manihoti is reported for the first time in the state of Piauí. This is the first record of A. fraterculus, A. obliqua and A. zenildae, infesting wild-guava fruits, M. tomentosa.

Keanekaragaman dan pola keberadaan lalat buah (Diptera: Tephritidae) di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan

Lalat buah menyerang sebagian besar tanaman buah sayuran maupun buah konsumsi. Gejala kerusakan berupa pembusukan pada buah yang menyebabkan gugurnya buah. Data tentang keanekaragaman spesies lalat buah di Sumatera Selatan dan pola keberadaannya belum banyak dilaporkan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mempelajari keanekaragaman dan pola keberadaan lalat buah berdasarkan inang dan perangkap. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan metode survei di 9 kota dan kabupaten di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Lalat buah dikoleksi dengan cara mengumpulkan buah yang terserang dan menggunakan perangkap yang mengandung metil eugenol (ME) dan cue lure (CL). Jenis tanaman yang diamati sebanyak 24 jenis, meliputi tanaman buah, sayur dan buah konsumsi. Identifikasi lalat buah dilakukan dengan mengamati karakteristik morfologi luar. Hasil identifikasi lalat buah diperoleh sebanyak 18 spesies dengan perincian 10 spesies dari perangkap CL dan 7 spesies dari perangkap ME. Satu spesies (Bactrocera latrifons) tidak dapat diperangkap baik dengan CL maupun ME. Dari sejumlah 18 spesies tersebut, 7 di antaranya diperoleh dari koleksi buah, yaitu B. albistrigata, B. carambolae, B. fuscitibia, B. occipitalis, B. latrifons, B. papayae, dan Bactrocera sp. Jenis atraktan mempengaruhi keanekaragaman spesies dan jumlah lalat buah yang tertangkap. B. latifrons hanya ditemukan pada pemeliharaan buah koleksi saja. Ketinggian lokasi daerah pengamatan, mempengaruhi keanekaragaman lalat buah. Semua spesies ditemukan di dataran rendah, kecuali B. ascitus, B. cilifera, dan B. latrifons. Di dataran sedang dan tinggi, jumlah spesies lalat buah yang ditemukan lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan di dataran rendah.

Diversity and Host Range of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Horticultural Commodities in Lembah Seulawah District, Aceh Besar Regency, Aceh Province, Indonesia

Accurate information on the species and host spectrum is an important aspect of fruit flies management. The study was conducted in August to November 2018 to evaluate the host range and species diversity of fruit flies in Lembah Seulawah District, Aceh Besar Regency, Aceh Province, Indonesia. Fruit flies were collected from 3 villages in Kemukiman Saree: Suka Damai, Suka Mulia, and Saree Aceh. The insects were collected using the trapping method. The modified Lynfield trap baited with methyl eugenol (ME) was used in the research. This modified Lynfield trap was applied using used mineral bottles. Shannon-Wiener diversity index, evenness index, and dominance were applied to determine the diversity of fruit flies. The results revealed that there were six species of fruit flies that acted as pests in 21 species of host plants belonged to 12 families. They were Bactrocera carambolae, Bactrocera latifrons, Bactrocera limbifera, Bactrocera papayae, Bactrocera umbrosa, and Bactrocera verbascifoliae. B. carambolae was found to be dominant insect pest even though the results indicated that diversity and evenness index of fruit flies species in this district were low.

Species diversity of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) through different ecosystems in a Neotropical transition zone in Mexico

The family Tephritidae, known as fruit flies, is one of the most species-rich in the order Diptera. This study aimed to analyze the diversity of Tephritidae through different ecosystems over a Neotropical transitional region in Mexico. Medium evergreen forest (MEF), transitional vegetation between tropical and temperate environments (TVE), and cloud forest (CF) were sampled in the biosphere reserve “El Cielo.” The abundance and diversity of tephritids were analyzed by a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) and Hill numbers using rarefaction and extrapolation (R/E) sampling curves, respectively. Also, we computed a diversity ranking over the altitudinal gradient based on a β diversity approach and functional tools. Anastrepha was the most rich-genus with 11 species, followed by Hexachaeta with two species, and Blepharoneura and Rhagoletis with one species each. Twelve species were registered in the MEF, six in the TVE, and two species in the CF. The GLMM revealed unclear differences between MEF and TVE in the abundance of tephritids. Hill numbers showed the highest species richness in the MEF, but the TVE hosted the most diverse species assemblages of Tephritidae. The diversity ranking exhibited the most diverse community of Tephritidae at 900 m asl. Overall, TVE showed the highest evenness in Tephritidae assemblages. Data on new occurrences of Tephritidae species are provided. This Neotropical limit may be considered as the most northern reservoir of the diversity of Tephritidae in the American continent. Moreover, practical implications of the analysis of such diversity in the context of pest management and conservation are discussed.

Species composition and community structure of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) across major mango-growing regions in Uganda

The species diversity of tephritid fruit flies in major mango-growing regions in Uganda was monitored over a 2-year period (2010–2012) using fruit bait and lure traps. A total of 368,332 specimens belonging to 10 species in four genera (Bactrocera,Ceratitis,TrirhithrumandDacus) were collected. Of these, 98.9% belonged toBactrocera invadens, while the second and third most common species wereDacus bivittatus(0.4%) andCeratitis anonae(0.3%), respectively. Significant differences in the evenness and diversity of fruit fly species were noted across the regions. Fruit fly community structure was significantly different across the three regions. The Lake Victoria Crescent and Mbale Farmlands harboured significantly moreD. ciliatus,T. coffeae,D. bivittatusandB. cucurbitaein contrast to the Northern Moist Farmlands and the Western Medium High Farmlands.Ceratitis rosacontributed the highest difference in regional structure, followed byC. fasciventrisandC. cosyra. Rank abundance curves depicted a geometric series distribution of the species composition in the three regions, confirming a scenario of competitive displacement of native fruit fly species byB. invadens. A comprehensive and sustainable response strategy toB. invadensand other fruit flies needs to be urgently devised to protect the horticulture industry in Uganda.

Population Dynamics, Distribution, and Species Diversity of Fruit Flies on Cucurbits in Kashmir Valley, India

Given the economic importance of cucurbits and the losses incurred by fruit fly infestation, the population dynamics of fruit flies in cucurbit crops and the influence of abiotic parameters, such as temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, and total sunshine hours per day on the fruit fly population were studied. The study was carried out at six locations; in district Srinagar the locations were Batmaloo, Shalimar, and Dal, while in district Budgam the locations were Chadoora, Narkara, and Bugam (Jammu and Kashmir, India). Various cucurbit crops, such as cucumber, bottle gourd, ridge gourd and bitter gourd, were selected for the study. With regard to locations, mean fruit fly population was highest (6.09, 4.55, 3.87, and 3.60 flies/trap/week) at Batamaloo and Chadoora (4.73, 3.93, 2.73, and 2.73 flies/trap/week) on cucumber, bottle gourd, ridge gourd, and bitter gourd, respectively. The population of fruit flies was significantly correlated with the minimum and maximum temperature. The maximum species diversity of fruit flies was 0.511, recorded in Chadoora. Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae) was the most predominant species in both Srinagar and Budgam, followed by B. dorsalis (Hendel) and B. tau (Walker), while B. scutellaris (Bezzi) was found only in Chadoora. Results of the present investigation may be utilized in developing a sustainable pest management strategy in the agroecological system.

Species of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae): in a transect of the Amazonian Rainforest in Oiapoque, Amapá, Brazil

Species of fruit flies (Tephritidae) were surveyed in a transect of the Amazonian Rainforest in the district of Clevelândia do Norte, municipality of Oiapoque, state of Amapa, Brazil. This study describes the diversity of fruit fly species sampled inside this transect (2.2 linear km). Eleven McPhail traps were serviced weekly from June 2002 to June 2003. A total of 55 samples were obtained, totaling 125 specimens of Tephritidae. Anastrepha Schiner, 1868 was the most abundant and diverse genus, with 18 species caught. Two new species, A. oiapoquensis Norrbom & Uchoa, 2011 and A. siculigera Norrbom & Uchoa, 2011, were discovered in this survey. Anastrepha coronilli Carrejo & Gonzalez, 1993 (n = 40) was the most abundant species. Six species, Anastrepha amita Zucchi, 1979, A. duckei Lima, 1934, A. flavipennis Greene, 1934, A. minensis Lima, 1937, A. pseudoparallela (Loew, 1873), and A. submunda Lima, 1937, are recorded for the first time from Amapa. Three of them, A. minensis, A. pseudoparallela, and A. submunda, are reported for the first time from northern Brazil. This paper updates to 36 the number of frugivorous species of Tephritidae in Amapa.

Moscas frugívoras (Diptera, Tephritoidea) coletadas em Aquidauana, MS

In Brazil, frugivorous flies represent important pests of fruits and vegetables. Information on populational fluctuation of these species in each biome is an important requirement for the adoption of a strategy of pest control in the agroecosystems. The objective of this paper is to assess the diversity of fruit fly species occurring in wild and cultived fruits in Aquidauana, MS. Twenty-nine fruit species were sampled from February 2003 to January 2004. The Tephritidae species recovered were: Anastrepha striata Schiner, 1868, Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart, 1835) and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824). The frugivorous Lonchaeidae and Muscidae recovered were: Neosilba sp. and Atherigona orientalis (Schiner, 1868), respectively. A total of 2.568 flies were obtained, from which 2.394 flies were the Mediterranean fruit fly, C. capitata. The association between frugivorous flies and the fruit species is discussed.