Species Composition Of Microbiota Research Articles

Сравнительная характеристика тестикулярной и уретральной микробиоты у пациентов с различными видами азооспермии и сопутствующим варикоцеле.

Introduction. Everywhere, about 15% of couples of reproductive age have the problem of infertility, with the male factor being the main cause in 50% of cases. The lack of effective treatment for male infertility is largely due to the multifactorial etiology of this disease. One of these factors is infections of the urogenital tract, the diagnostic search for which requires the development of new methods. Today, next generation sequencing (NGS), using the nucleotide sequence in the 16S rRNA region of the bacterial genome, is the most modern and highly sensitive method for determining the microbiome. Aim: to study and compare the structure of the testicular and urethral microbiota in patients with various types of azoospermia and concomitant varicocele. Materials and methods. The study included 107 infertile patients with various types of azoospermia, in some cases, with concomitant varicocele, who applied to the Center for Reproductive and Cellular Medicine of the State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the Children's City Clinical Hospital in Krasnodar, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Krasnodar region. As a result of sample preparation, 31 samples did not meet the quality criteria and were excluded from the study. In all cases, patients underwent micro-TESE (multifocal testicular biopsy), as well as collection of biological material from the urethra. When studying the structure of the microbiome of testicular tissue, amplicons of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene were analyzed using high-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS). Data were processed using the QIIME program (version 1.9.1). Results. Comparative characteristics of the structure of the microbiota of the urethra and testicles were carried out using average values in groups, at the level of phyla and families. When comparing the urethral microbiota, a similarity in the species composition of the microbiota was revealed in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) and obstructive azoospermia (ОА), while the species composition of the testicular microbiota in patients with ОА is similar to that in patients with varicocele. As a result of data analysis, 6 phyla and 12 families of bacteria were identified that are common to both testicular and urethral tissue. When comparing the frequency of occurrence of these bacteria, differences were identified in the comparison groups. Conclusions. The microbiota of the urethra in men has a wide taxonomic composition, which has characteristics in infertile patients, caused, in our opinion, by disruption of the GTB, in particular, in patients with varicocele. The structure of the microbiota of testicular tissue has a decrease in species diversity in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia with the dominant Enterobacteriaceae_A family, in contrast to patients with obstructive azoospermia and patients with NOA and concomitant varicocele. The current situation and the discrepancy in scientific publications and expert opinions require further expansion of the range of scientific interdisciplinary research.

Evaluation of prebiotic ability of xylo-oligosaccharide fractions with different polymerization degrees from bamboo shoot shells

The degree of polymerization of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) as prebiotics affects the gut microbiota’s metabolism. Herein, the differential prebiotic effects of original XOS solution and XOS solution enriched in X2-X3 (LDX) from bamboo shoot shells by hydrothermal pretreatment were investigated through intestinal microbiota in vitro. The findings demonstrated that the anaerobic cultivation of intestinal microbiota by XOS and LDX could increase its abundance by 1.8-fold and 2.3-fold with sugar utilization rates of 90% and 100%, respectively. The concentrations of produced short-chain fatty acids were 3.7 g/L and 6.4 g/L, respectively. The α-diversity analysis of gut microbiota revealed that the LDX group exhibited a lower species richness in microbial growth and a more evenness distribution of bacterial species compared to XOS group. The analysis of gut microbiota species composition highlights that LDX induced a more prominent proliferation of the Firmicutes phyla, while also displaying stronger inhibitory effects on the Proteobacteria phylum. Additionally, functional predictions suggested significant differences between XOS and LDX in terms of modulating the metabolism of gut microbiota, whereas LDX demonstrates its strength in inhibiting pathogenic bacterial communities. This research is to offer a theoretical foundation for the prebiotics made from bamboo shoot shells.

Systematic mining of the human microbiome identifies antimicrobial peptides with diverse activity spectra.

Human-associated bacteria secrete modified peptides to control host physiology and remodel the microbiota species composition. Here we scanned 2,229 Human Microbiome Project genomes of species colonizing skin, gastrointestinal tract, urogenital tract, mouth and trachea for gene clusters encoding RiPPs (ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides). We found 218 lanthipeptides and 25 lasso peptides, 70 of which were synthesized and expressed in E. coli and 23 could be purified and functionally characterized. They were tested for activity against bacteria associated with healthy human flora and pathogens. New antibiotics were identified against strains implicated in skin, nasal and vaginal dysbiosis as well as from oral strains selectively targeting those in the gut. Extended- and narrow-spectrum antibiotics were found against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci. Mining natural products produced by human-associated microbes will enable the elucidation of ecological relationships and may be a rich resource for antimicrobial discovery.

Diversity and species composition of microbiota associated with dengue mosquito breeding habitats: A cross-sectional study from selected areas in Udapalatha MOH division, Sri Lanka

Objective: To determine the diversity of microbiota associated with different breeding habitats of dengue vector mosquitoes Aedes (Ae.) aegypti. and Ae. albopictus and to identify any parasitic, epibiont, pathogenic, competitive or predatory species. Methods: Sampling was performed from a variety of breeding habitats using dipping, pipetting and siphoning techniques. Microbiota in water samples were preserved using Rose Bengal solution and Lugol's iodine, and were identified. Live samples of microbiota were kept under laboratory conditions to observe any pathogenic or parasitic microbiota interacting with larvae. Results: A total of eleven microbiota species (Canthocamptus staphylinus, Canthocamptus microstaphylinus, Parastenocaris brevipes, Lepadella ovalis, Lepadella patella, Rotatoria rotatoria, Rotatoria macrura, Asplanchna brightwelli, Trichocerca rattus, Euglena variabilis, and Flagilaria capucina) belonging to four (4) phyla (Arthropoda, Rotifera, Euglenozoa, and Ochrophyta) and 8 microbiota species belonged to four phyla (Arthropoda, Rotifera, Euglenozoa, and Ochrophyta) were identified from Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus breeding habitats respectively. There was a higher percentage (54.54%) of larval habitats positive for the secondary vector Ae. albopictus than through the primary vector Ae. aegypti in the Gampola urban area indicating higher possibility of transmitting the dengue virus through the secondary vector. However, no pathogenic or parasitic ciliates on mosquito larvae were encountered in the present study. Those findings may be due to sampling maingly from temporary container-type breeding habitats. Conclusions: The relative distribution of microbiota associated with mosquito species differed significantly among Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. The overall findings of this study could help in implementing novel eco-friendly vector-control strategies in the study area.

Связь развития и прогрессирования различной офтальмопатологии с состоянием микробиома кишечника (обзор литературы)

Study results presented in this review concern the role of changes in the intestinal microbiota composition (the so-called gut microbiota dysbiosis) in the development and/or progression of various eye diseases. Nowadays, about 1150 species of microorganisms that can colonize the GIT have been identified, but no more than 20–30% of them can be cultivated. A huge study breakthrough of the gut microbiota species composition in a healthy person, as well as in persons with various pathologies, was obtained after a technique development for DNA sequencing. Modern researches focus on studying the effect of changes in the gut microbiome on human health, including his eyes. This suggests the potential use of this indicator as a non-invasive biomarker during differential diagnosis, as well as its introduction for ophthalmic therapy purposes. In particular, the association between the gut microbiota and the eyes can serve as a basis for the technique development aimed at the treatment of a number of eye diseases. For instance, dry eye syndrome, especially chronic progressive ophthalmic pathology, such as diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, etc. KEYWORDS: microbiome, gut microbiota dysbiosis, association with eye diseases, development of treatment techniques. FOR CITATION: Rezbaeva G.N., Babushkin A.E., Orenburkina O.I., Gimranova I.A. Development and progression association of various ophthalmic pathologies with the gut microbiome state (literature review). Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2023;23(4):219–224 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-4-8.

The Species Composition of Microbiota and Biological Properties of Dominant Bacterial Species in the Lacrimal Fluid in Patients with Endogenous Uveites

The purpose: to study the species composition of the lacrimal fluid microbiota in patients with endogenous uveitis and the biological properties of dominant species of bacteria.Patients and Methods. A bacteriological study of the lacrimal fluid of 107 patients (114 eyes) with endogenous uveitis and 28 practically healthy persons (control) was carried out. The research was performed using the conventional methods. The isolated microorganisms were identified up to the species. We studied the main biological properties of bacteria — the presence of persistence and virulence factors of isolated dominant species.The results. 43 strains of various types of bacteria were isolated from the lacrimal fluid of patients with uveitis, bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus prevailed, S. aureus was isolated in 23.3 % of cases, and the remaining strains were representatives of coagulase-negative staphylococci. The species composition of the bacteria isolated from practically healthy individuals did not differ in essence. Isolated strains of S. aureus had a significant set of virulence factors. All isolates lysed sheep red blood cells, 80 % of the cultures had lecithovitellase and 60 % — DNA-se activity. Representatives of coagulase-negative staphylococci were characterized only by hemolytic activity. In the study of persistence factors, it was found that all the studied strains of S. aureus and the vast majority of representatives of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from tears were resistant to lysozyme. Biofilm formation was more typical for S. aureus strains 90 % versus 34.4 % for representatives of coagulase-negative staphylococci (t = 2.194, p = 0.034). Similar patterns were found in relation to complement resistance, 90 % of S. aureus cultures and 37.5 % of coagulase-negative staphylococci (t = 2.055; p = 0.046).Conclusion. Among the microorganisms isolated from the lacrimal fluid, Staphylococcus bacteria prevailed, from which S. cohnii was most often isolated. S. aureus to a greater extent than coagulase-negative staphylococci had a certain set of virulence and persistence factors. The microbiocenosis of the lacrimal fluid of patients with endogenous uveitis did not differ from practically healthy individuals. The presence of S. aureus in lacrimal fluid is a risk factor for the development of endogenous uveitis in cases of chronic oral and ENT organ diseases.

Effects of antibiotic duration on the intestinal microbiota and resistome: The PIRATE RESISTANCE project, a cohort study nested within a randomized trial.

BackgroundShortening antibiotic-treatment durations is a key recommendation of antibiotic-stewardship programmes, yet it is based on weak evidence. We investigated whether halving antibiotic courses would reduce antibiotic-resistance genes (ARG) in the intestinal microbiomes of patients treated for gram-negative bacteraemia.MethodsThis nested prospective cohort study included adult patients hospitalized at Geneva University Hospitals (Switzerland) participating in the PIRATE randomized trial assessing non-inferiority of shorter antibiotic courses (7 versus 14 days) for gram-negative bacteraemia (‘cases’) and, simultaneously, hospitalized patients with similar demography and comorbidity yet no antibiotic therapy (‘controls’). Stool was collected from case and control patients on days 7, 14, 30 and 90 after antibiotic initiation (day 1) and days 7 and 14 after admission, respectively, and analysed by whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing. The primary outcome was ARG abundance at day 30; secondary outcomes included microbiota-species composition and clustering over time.FindingsForty-five patients and 11 controls were included and evaluable; ARG analyses were conducted on the 29 per-protocol patients receiving 7 (±2) days or 14 (±3) days of antibiotic therapy. At day 30, ARGs were not detected at similar abundance in patients receiving 7 and 14 days (median counts/million [mCPM]: 96 versus [vs] 71; p=.38). By day 30, total ARG content between both groups was not significantly different from that of controls at D7 (362 and 370 mCPM vs 314 mCPM, p=.24 and 0.19). There were no significant differences amongst antibiotic-treated patients at any timepoint in bacterial diversity or clustering, but Shannon species diversity was significantly reduced compared to controls through day 14 (median 3.12 and 3.24 in the 7-day and 14-day groups vs 3.61 [controls]; p=.04 and 0.012). Patients treated for 14 days had reduced faecal phage content during and after therapy compared to other patient groups.InterpretationReducing antibiotic durations by half did not result in decreased abundance of ARGs in patients treated for gram-negative bacteraemia, nor did it improve microbiota species diversity.FundingThe study was funded by the University of Geneva's Louis-Jeantet Foundation (grant no. S04_12) and the Swiss National Science Foundation (NRP Smarter Healthcare, grant no. 407,440_167359).

Species Composition of Microbiota in City Buses

Introduction: Regulatory documents of the Russian sanitary legislation provide no standardization of microbiological indicators for urban public transportation. At the same time, extensive studies of public transport microbiome conducted in different countries demonstrated that the external environment (stations and platforms) and the interior of vehicles contain a large number of various microorganisms, the number of which is independent of air temperature, route duration, or the number of passengers. The objective of our work was to study the species composition of microbiota in urban buses and to assess its structure using methods of synecological and epidemiological analysis. Methods: We analyzed wipe samples from generally accessible bus interior surfaces. In total, 41 buses of 16 routes from three conditional groups (“Nagornaya” (Upland), “Zarechnaya” (Transverse) and “Interdistrict”) were examined. We applied methods of classical bacteriology, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for microorganism identification, and synecological analysis. Results and discussion: We identified 85 types of microorganisms, 15 of which were found in all groups of routes. The bus microbiota followed the same ecological laws as natural microbiocenoses. The greatest number of species was represented by genera Staphylococcus (16), Acinetobacter (11), Bacillus (11), Pseudomonas (8), and Pantoea (5). The majority of identified microorganisms belonged to genera Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, and Pantoea. Among 15 species of microorganisms “common” to three groups of buses, 60 % were representatives of human microbiota. Microorganisms were found in large quantities on fabric seat backs (up to 18,600 CFU/cm3), seat back handles (up to 76,500 CFU/cm3), leather loop-holders (up to 6,400 CFU/cm3), and visually dirty surfaces (11,200 CFU/cm3). Conclusions: Our findings indicate the need to standardize microbiological indicators and develop guidelines for monitoring the efficiency of disinfection of interiors of public passenger vehicles.

Effects of Antibiotic Duration on the Intestinal Microbiota and Resistome: The PIRATE RESISTANCE Project, a Cohort Study Nested Within a Randomized Trial

Background: Shortening antibiotic-treatment durations is a key recommendation of antibiotic-stewardship programmes, yet it is based on weak evidence. We investigated whether halving antibiotic courses would reduce antibiotic-resistance genes (ARG) in the intestinal microbiomes of patients treated for gram-negative bacteraemia. Methods: This nested prospective cohort study included adult patients hospitalized at Geneva University Hospitals (Switzerland) participating in the PIRATE randomized trial assessing non-inferiority of shorter antibiotic courses for gram-negative bacteraemia (‘cases’) and, simultaneously, hospitalized patients with similar demography and comorbidity yet no antibiotic therapy (‘controls’). Stool was collected from case and control patients on days 7, 14, 30 and 90 after antibiotic initiation (day 1) and days 7 and 14 after admission, respectively, and analysed by whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing. The primary outcome was ARG abundance at day 30; secondary outcomes included microbiota-species composition and clustering over time. Findings: Forty-five patients and 11 controls were included and evaluable; ARG analyses were conducted on the 29 per-protocol patients receiving 7 (±2) days or 14 (±3) days of antibiotic therapy. At day 30, ARGs were detected at similar abundance in patients receiving 7 and 14 days (median counts/million [mCPM]: 96 versus [vs] 71; p=.38). By D30, total ARG content in both groups was similar to that of controls at D7 (362 and 370 mCPM vs 314 mCPM, p=.24 and .19). There were no significant differences among antibiotic-treated patients at any timepoint in bacterial diversity or clustering, but Shannon species diversity was significantly reduced compared to controls through D14 (median 3.12 and 3.24 in the 7-day and 14-day groups vs 3.61 [controls]; p=.04 and .012). Fourteen-day antibiotic courses prompted a persistent trend toward reduced faecal phage content. Interpretation: Reducing antibiotic durations by half did not result in decreased abundance of ARGs in patients treated for gram-negative bacteraemia, nor did it improve microbiota species diversity. Funding: The study was funded by the University of Geneva’s Louis-Jeantet Foundation (grant no. S04_12) and the Swiss National Science Foundation (NRP Smarter Healthcare, grant no. 407440_167359). Declaration of Interests: All authors declare no competing interests. Ethics Approval Statement: The present study was approved by the Cantonal Ethics Committee of Geneva (no. 2017-00108); all participants provided written informed consent before enrolment.

Species composition of microbiota of cows udder and raw milk quality at mastitis

To increase the productivity of cows and improve the nutritional and sanitary-technological qualities of milk is one of the most important tasks in the development of dairy farming in all countries of the world. The cause of degradation of these parameters is such a widespread disease of cows as mastitis. The social significance of mastitis is manifested in the fact that the causative agents of mastitis in cows can cause disease in humans. Since streptococci and staphylococci play a leading role in mastitis, they are the most common in milk. Studies have shown that udder disease in cows with mastitis at the beginning of lactation has a certain seasonal nature and its main peaks occur in March-May and September-November. During these months, from 2.5% to 4.1% of cows from the total number of livestock of the farm were found to have mastitis. Physiochemical features of milk from the cows with mastitis were an increase in the number of somatic cells to 1,500,000/cm3, increase of milk pH to 7.3, caused by the breakdown of milk proteins into ammonia, the increase in milk electrical conductivity to 5.92-7.54 mS/cm, associated with the entry of sodium and chlorine ions from the blood into the milk. In studies of cows with mastitis, 16 species of bacteria were isolated from the secretion of the udder. In monoculture, the microflora, that was found in 30.5% of cows, consisted of E. coli, St. epidermidis, C. freundi, Sh. Dysentery, St. aureus, St. hyicus spp. Chromogenes, Str. Agalactiae, St. lentus, and St. intermediate. In 69.5% of cows with mastitis, the microflora was found in various associations. The most common associations of bacteria were St. epidermidis + St. aureus + Str. agalactiae + Str. haemolyticus; E. coli + Str. agalactiae; Str. agalactiae + St. epidermidis; St. epidermidis + St. aureus + Str. agalactiae. We developed a method for diagnosing mastitis in cows, which was to diagnose the disease at early stage of inflammation of the mammary glands by studying the composition of the milk the examined lobe of the udder.

Dietary Adaptation of Microbiota in Drosophila Requires NF-κB-Dependent Control of the Translational Regulator 4E-BP

Dietary nutrients shape complex interactions between hosts and their commensal gut bacteria, further promoting flexibility in host-microbiota associations that can drive nutritional symbiosis. However, it remains less clear if diet-dependent host signaling mechanisms also influence these associations. Using Drosophila, we show here that nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)/Relish, an innate immune transcription factor emerging as a signaling node linking nutrient-immune-metabolic interactions, is vital to adapt gut microbiota species composition to host diet macronutrient composition. We find that Relish is required within midgut enterocytes to amplify host-Lactobacillus associations, an important bacterial mediator of nutritional symbiosis, and thus modulate microbiota composition in response to dietary adaptation. Relish limits diet-dependent transcriptional inducibility of the cap-dependent translation inhibitor 4E-BP/Thor to control microbiota composition. Furthermore, maintaining cap-dependent translation in response to dietary adaptation is critical to amplify host-Lactobacillus associations. These results highlight that NF-κB-dependent host signaling mechanisms, in coordination with host translation control, shape diet-microbiota interactions.

Identification of Dysfunctional Gut Microbiota Through Rectal Swab in Patients with Different Severity of Acute Pancreatitis.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) has a wide spectrum of severity and can be associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Whether gut microbiota dysbiosis is associated with AP severity remains obscure. We aim to investigate the differences in the alterations of gut microbiota in different grades of AP severity. We collected clinical information and rectal swab samples from 80 individuals. The gut microbiota was tested by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, gut microbiota species composition analysis, difference analysis, random forest model prediction analysis, and gut microbiota species correlation network analysis. There was a different microbiota profile in different severity grades. Bacteroides, Escherichis-Shigella, and Enterococcus were dominant species in mild, moderately severe, and severe AP, respectively. Finegoldia was the most significantly increased and Blautia the most decreased species in mild AP. Anaerococcus was the most significantly increased and Eubacterium hallii the most decreased species in moderately severe AP. Enterococcus was the most significantly increased and Eubacterium hallii the most decreased species in severe AP. Finegoldia, Eubacterium_hallii, and Lachnospiraceae were potential diagnostic biomarkers for mild AP and Eubacterium_hallii and Anaerococcus for moderately severe AP. There was a positive interaction between Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in mild AP. The disturbed gut microbiota is different among grades of AP, suggesting their potential role in the progression of disease severity. There was a different microbiota profile in different severity grades. Bacteroides, Escherichis-Shigella, and Enterococcus were dominant gut microbiota species in MAP, MSAP, and SAP, respectively. Finegoldia was the most significantly increased and Blautia the most decreased gut microbiota species in MAP. Anaerococcus was the most significantly increased and Eubacterium hallii the most decreased species in MSAP. Enterococcus was the most significantly increased and Eubacterium hallii the most decreased species in SAP. Finegoldia, Eubacterium_hallii, and Lachnospiraceae were potential diagnostic biomarkers for MAP and Eubacterium_hallii and Anaerococcus for MSAP. There was a positive interaction between Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in MAP.

Diversity and Species Composition of Microbiota Associated with Mosquito Breeding Habitats: A Study from Kurunegala District in Sri Lanka.

The pool of microbiota associated with mosquito breeding habitats varies with the habitat type and its characteristic features. The pool of microbiota in a given mosquito breeding habitat can include free living, symbiotic, noncompetitive, parasitic, predatory, and toxin producing species. However, in Sri Lanka the studies on the microbiota associated with mosquito breeding habitats are scarce. The present study was conducted to identify microbiota species/taxa associated with a variety of mosquito breeding habitats in selected areas of the Kurunegala district in Sri Lanka to determine the relationship, if any, the microbiota has with mosquito larvae breeding. A total of 44 microbiota species/taxa belonging to 10 phyla, namely, Bacillariophyta, Charophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanobacteria/Cyanophyta, Ochrophyta/Heterokontophyta, Amoebozoa, Euglenozoa, Ciliophora, Arthropoda, and Rotifera were identified. Vorticella microstoma (Ciliophora) showed a constant occurrence frequency in rice field habitats occupied mainly by Culex tritaeniorhynchus while the rest of the species had an accidental or rare frequency of occurrence. Nineteen species/taxa were identified as common species. Trophont stages of Vorticella microstoma and Zoothamnium spp. were found attached to the cuticle of mosquito larvae but only V. microstoma caused a lethal effect. The autotrophic protist, Euglena geniculate, Closterium spp., and Pinnularia spp. served as the diet items to mosquito larvae. The majority of the microbiota identified had no observable effect on mosquito larvae breeding.

Diet Induces Reproducible Alterations in the Mouse and Human Gut Microbiome

The degree to which diet reproducibly alters the human and mouse gut microbiota remains unclear. Here, we focus on the consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD), one of the most frequently studied dietary interventions in mice. We employed a subject-level meta-analysis framework for unbiased collection and analysis of publicly available 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic sequencing data from studies examining HFD in rodent models. In total, we re-analyzed 27 studies, 1101 samples, and 106 million reads mapping to 16S rRNA gene sequences. We report reproducible changes in gut microbial community structure both within and between studies, including a signi cant increase in the Firmicutes phylum and decrease in the Bacteroidetes phylum; however, reduced alpha diversity is not a consistent feature of HFD. Finer taxonomic analysis revealed that the strongest signal of HFD on microbiota species composition is Lactococcus spp., which we demonstrate is a common dietary contaminant through the molecular testing of dietary ingredients, culturing, microscopy, and germfree mouse experiments. After in silico removal of Lactococcus spp., we employed machine learning to de ne a unique operational taxonomic unit (OTU)-based signature capable of predicting the dietary intake of mice and demonstrate that phylogenetic and gene-family transformations of this model are capable of accurately predicting human samples in controlled feeding settings (area under the receiver operator curve = 0.75 and 0.88 respectively). Together, these results demonstrate the utility of microbiome meta-analyses in identifying robust bacterial signals for mechanistic studies and creates a framework for the routine meta-analysis of microbiome studies in preclinical models.

Comparative assessment of selected intraoral microorganisms – potential factors for peri-surgical management complications

In this research, a comparative analysis of results of investigations involving different human populations, in terms of a relation between the oral cavity health and the species composition of mouth microbiota is reported. The purpose of this analysis was to identify and assess microorganisms that could cause health complications in patients with neoplasm requiring dental problem-related surgical management. The patients with the oral cancer surgically treated and those without neoplasm were assessed for their oral health: status of teeth, gingiva, periodontium, and occurrence of inflammatory processes. From each patient, microorganisms isolated of periodontium, dental plaque, and dental pocket swabs were identified in wet and stained microscopic preparations; standard microbiology in vitro techniques were also applied to determine the fungal and bacterial strains. The comparative analysis of results of direct microscopic examinations and in vitro cultures assessment indicated significant differences in prevalences of fungi, parasitic oral protozoans and bacteriae in particular patient’s groups. Yeast-like fungi belonging to Candida genus, mostly of C. albicans group, were identified in 93.75% patients with the oral cancer, while in 25% of individuals assessed without neoplasm. E. gingivalis amoebae were only found in 12.5% patients with the serious disease; no trichomonads were detected in all patients analyzed. Among bacteria species, potentially pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae were found in the patients with oral cancer. The pronounced shift in the microbiota species composition in the patients who needed prolonged treatment due to oral cavity cancer, compared to other generally healthy persons has been showed in this analysis.

Evaluation of selected oral cavity microbiota--risk factors of management complications in patients with masticatory system disorders.

The retrospective analysis of data on oral cavity clinical status in relation to microbiota species composition is presented. The research regards patients of different age, with and without congenital malformation, pretreatment assessed for occurrence of pathological changes in the masticatory system. Samples of the swabs collected from each patient (from dental plaque, periodontium and dental pockets) were used for identification of oral protozoans in wet slides and stained preparations; additionally, transmission electron microscope examination was performed. The material was used for in vitro cultures to identify bacteria strains. Clinically, intensity of tissue deteriorations was higher in patients with a congenital disease. Alive Trichomonas tenax and Entamoeba gingivalis, species with confirmed pathogenic impact on oral cavity and neighboring structures, were detected with higher prevalence in older patients. Enterococci, Staphylococcus aureus, various Enterobacteriaceae were more frequently detected in patients with somatic and mental retardations; in mouths of those patients, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa opportunistic strains occurred. Masticatory system abnormalities favor colonization of oral cavity by exogenous species and dissemination of infections, especially dangerous for patients with congenital diseases. Oral microbiota assessment and preventive measures may be helpful to avoid subsequent peri-surgery complications.

Composition of human faecal microbiota in resistance to Campylobacter infection

In mice, specific species composition of gut microbiota enhances susceptibility to Campylobacter jejuni but little is known about the specific composition of the human gut microbiota in providing protection from infections caused by enteropathogens. Healthy adult individuals, who travelled in groups from Sweden to destinations with an estimated high risk for acquisition of Campylobacter infection, were enrolled. Faecal samples, collected before travelling and after returning home, were cultured for bacterial enteropathogens, and analysed for Campylobacter by PCR and for the species composition of the microbiota by 16S amplicon massive parallel sequencing. The microbiota compositions were compared between persons who became infected during their travel and those who did not. A total of 63 participants completed the study; 14 became infected with Campylobacter, two with Salmonella and 47 remained negative for the enteropathogens tested. After exclusion of samples taken after antimicrobial treatment, 49 individuals were included in the final analyses. Intra-individual stability of the microbiota was demonstrated for samples taken before travelling. The original diversity of the faecal microbiota was significantly lower among individuals who later became infected compared with those who remained uninfected. The relative abundances of bacteria belonging to the family Lachnospiraceae, and more specifically its two genera Dorea and Coprococcus, were significantly higher among those who remained uninfected. The travel-related infection did not significantly modify the faecal microbiota composition. Species composition of human gut microbiota is important for colonization resistance to Campylobacter infection. Especially individuals with a lower diversity are more susceptible to Campylobacter infection.

AIEC pathobiont instigates chronic colitis in susceptible hosts by altering microbiota composition

BackgroundInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is driven by a seemingly aberrant immune response to the gut microbiota with disease development dictated by genetics and environmental factors. A model exemplifying this notion...