Specialty Of Maxillofacial Surgery Research Articles

GORLIN-GOLTZ SYNDROME: A REPORT OF TWO CLINICAL CASES WITH DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT AT HOSPITAL LEVEL

Gorlin-Goltz syndrome, also known as nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, is a rare hereditary autosomal dominant condition, with high penetrance and variable expressivity. The aim of this study is to report 2 cases diagnosed at emergency hospital units with the specialty of maxillofacial surgery and traumatology. The first refers to a 10-year-old patient who sought consultation due to an expressive increase in the maxilla volume with panoramic radiography evidencing multiple unilocular radiolucent images in the gnathic bones. The second is a 20-year-old woman presenting extraoral increased volume in the mandibular region with signs of infection; imaging exams showed 2 unilocular radiolucent images in the mandible. After clinical, radiological, and histopathologic evaluation, multiple keratocysts, skeletal changes, and other criteria that characterize the syndrome were identified. In both cases, surgical treatment of the odontogenic cysts was performed, and the patients remain in multiprofessional follow-up.

Endoscopic treatment in OCMFS​

The oral and Maxillofacial surgery specialty has entered a new era with the use of endoscopic techniques. Surgeons can now use the latest technological advances to improve patient outcomes. The application of endoscopic surgical techniques in Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery not only has decreased the morbidity associated with the surgical approaches but has significantly changed the treatment philosophy for many types of procedures. TMJ arthroscopy, Sialoendoscopy, Trauma cases such as frontal sinus fractures, orbital floor fractures, and subcondylar mandible fractures are the most notable examples where endoscopic techniques have found worldwide acceptance. Additional research has to be done to simplify some difficult techniques that often require more extensive surgical exposure for visualization. Although minimal invasive endoscopic techniques are also used in facial cosmetic surgery, the discussion in this literature review article focuses on non-cosmetic procedures, and mainly in TMJ arthroscopy, Sialoendoscopy, and Facial Trauma.

Awareness of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Specialty among Medical Students of a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Oral and maxillofacial surgery is a relatively young surgical specialty with roots in dentistry and medicine. It has expanded with time from simple extraction of the tooth to the reconstruction of the facial deformity using microvascular free tissue transfer. Objectives: To find out prevalence of awareness of oral and maxillofacial surgery specialty among medical students of Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Nepal. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 September 2020 to 30 September 2020. A total of 100 medical students were chosen by convenience sampling method. A semi-structured questionnaire was developed in Google forms and sent to study participants through an internet link to assess the awareness of oral and maxillofacial surgery specialty. Data were analysed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22. Results: The data showed that 81 (81%) of medical students have heard of oral and maxillofacial surgery specialty. Most of the students expected oral and maxillofacial surgeon for treatment of fracture of the lower jaw [86(86%)], upper jaw [89(89%)] and cheekbone [91(91%)]. Many students expected oral and maxillofacial surgeons to treat tumours of jaws [78(78%], cysts of jaws [77(77%)], temporomandibular joint disorders [74(74%)]. Few students expected oral and maxillofacial surgeon for dental implants [16(16%)] and lip repositioning surgery [4(4%)]. Conclusion: The majority of medical students have heard of Oral and maxillofacial specialty; however, they are not fully aware of the expertise and potentiality of the specialty.

Meet the Founding Resident Ambassador: John M. Le, DDS, MD

We are happy to continue adopting the best global publishing experience and traditions into the new year of 2022. To start off, we are honored to adopt the progressive tradition held by Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (PRS) journal. As a phenomenal journal with more than 75 years of publishing developments, PRS serves as a trailblazer for the Journal of Diagnostics and Treatment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. The PRS Editorial Board founded the Resident Ambassador position in 2014 after an unofficial Resident Advisory Board (RAB) meeting of four residents at the 2013 Annual Meeting.2 And now after 7 years, the PRS and PRS Global RAB includes more than 70 members across the world with six PRS and PRS Global Open Resident Ambassadors.2 The RAB serves both PRS and their daughter journal – Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open (PRS Global Open). The key missions for the members of the RAB are to participate in three of five activities: (1) the PRS journal club on Facebook, (2) the PRS Grand Rounds (a multipronged and multitopic live lectures with question-and-answer series)2 via Facebook, (3) creation of PRS promoting videos on their own social media pages, (4) supporting PRS and PRS Global Open as a peer-reviewers, and (5) voting on the journal’s social media pages. The search for a true leader to take on the role as the Founding Resident Ambassador for the Journal of Diagnostics and Treatment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology was an uneasy task. After an extensive search, we are honored to start a collaboration with an oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) resident from the state of Alabama in the United States of America. John M. Le, DDS, MD and his colleagues in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the University of Alabama at Birmingham have made a serious impact on global oral and maxillofacial surgery specialty. Moreover, their article contribution to our journal in 2020 made a huge influence by attracting an international community of readers to our journal, making us enormously proud. The masterpiece was dedicated to the use of zygomatic implants for restoration of complex nasal defects. Thereby, the current academic achievements and research activities of Dr. Le serves as a model for other OMS residents in training. In general, his clinical interests include, but is not limited to head, neck and oral oncology and reconstructive surgery.

Incidence of inferior alveolar nerve sensory deficit and intra-operative nerve encounters after advancement of retrognathic mandible - A cross-sectional survey study.

The aim of the current cross-sectional study was to conduct a survey among the oral and maxillofacial surgeons of South India regarding their experiences of incidence of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) neurosensory deficit after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) for correction of mandibular retrognathism and to assess the intra-operative nerve encounters and its effect on the inferior alveolar neurosensory deficit (NSD), 6 months post-operatively. A self-administered questionnaire (SAQ) was prepared using Google Forms (Google Inc.) and sent to the prospective participants through various social media outlets such as Facebook, WhatsApp groups etc., of the maxillofacial surgery specialty for a period of 3 months. SAQ from surgeons with more than 5 years of experience in orthognathic surgery were included. The incidence of NSD post-BSSO advancement surgery from 859 cases after 6 months was 15.1% (130). After splitting the mandible, the IAN was seen in the proximal fragment in 472 sites and needed dissection. The nerve was transected and neurorrhaphy was carried out in 26 sites. A Chi-square test was used to analyse the qualitative variables. The IAN was not visible post-osteotomy in 140 sites and in the distal fragment in 1080 sites. These groups had decreased incidence of NSD. The NSD was significantly higher in cases where the nerve was transected and sutured, P value <0.001 as compared with the other nerve status, followed by the nerve in the proximal fragment needing dissection. The IAN status intra-operatively can be assumed to have a significant role in persisting NSD.

Effect of coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak on the specialty of maxillofacial surgery

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has specific implications for oral and maxillofacial surgeons due to an accrued risk of exposure to the virus throughout surgical procedures involving the aerodigestive tract. Maxillofacial surgical procedures due to direct contact with oral and nasal mucosa that area unit thought of areas of high risk of infection in virtue of viral charge and great risk of exposure to COVID-19. Maxillofacial surgery represents associate example of a specialty that has had to adapt to the present outbreak, due to the subspecialties of medical specialty and medicine. Considering the numerous sociopolitical things in every country, the oral and maxillofacial surgery model was thought of acceptable to evaluate the safety measures taken by the healthcare establishments.

Knowledge, attitude, and perception of oral and maxillofacial surgery specialty amongst healthcare professionals, and the General Public from a Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Country

BackgroundOral and maxillofacial surgery specialty has grown rapidly in Kuwait in recent years. However, the general public and healthcare professionals remain unaware of its expanding scope of practice. The aim of the study is to assess public and professional (dental and medical) perception of the oral and maxillofacial surgical specialty in Kuwait.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study evaluating responses of dental professionals, medical professionals, and general public in Kuwait toward the oral and maxillofacial surgical specialty using a previously validated survey instrument with 100 participants in each group. Participants were asked to choose the most appropriate specialist to treat certain procedures across 4 disciplines: reconstruction, trauma, pathology, and cosmetic. Statistical comparison was conducted between dentists and medical doctors using Fisher’s exact test with a p-value of < 0.05.ResultsDisparities were noted each group’s responses. Oral and maxillofacial surgery was preferred overall for most clinical scenarios in trauma (p < 0.001), pathology (p < 0.001), and reconstructive surgery (p < 0.001). Plastic surgery was preferred for cosmetic surgeries (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThis study indicates the need to increase awareness especially towards cosmetic surgery procedures, and conduct health campaigns regarding oral and maxillofacial surgery among healthcare professionals, especially medical doctors, and the general public.

COVID-19 Pandemic and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Objective: To present a brief overview of global adjustments to COVID-19 by oral and maxillofacial surgeons and to characterise the reactions and adaptations of the oral and maxillofacial surgery specialty in Nigeria.Materials and Methods: A review of the global literature was done to highlight available guidelines for oral and maxillofacial surgery under COVID-19 pandemic. Questionnaires were electronically sent to maxillofacial surgeons in Nigeria and, a telephone survey of the Nigerian oral and maxillofacial surgery centres was done to characterise the reactions and adaptations of local practitioners to the pandemic situation.Results: Out of the 822 questionnaires electronically delivered to maxillofacial surgeons across 156 centres worldwide, the response rate was only 20.2%. Twenty-eight (17.9%) centres were completely shut down while only 6 (3.8%) centres were functioning normally. Other centres scaled down services and/or number of personnel. Surgeons older than 60 years were made to stay away in some centres while some personnel were drafted to support the medical team at the frontline COVID-19 treatment centres.Conclusion: It concluded that the variability of practices is remarkable and this is largely due to unequitable resources and lack of uniform policies even among federal tertiary health institutions and the authors therefore proposed an algorithm to guide oral and maxillofacial patients' classification and management in the face of COVID-19 pandemic.&#x0D; &#x0D;

Impact of COVID-19 on maxillofacial surgery practice: a worldwide survey

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rapidly changing our habits. To date, April 12, 2020, the virus has reached 209 nations, affecting 1.8 million people and causing more than 110,000 deaths. Maxillofacial surgery represents an example of a specialty that has had to adapt to this outbreak, because of the subspecialties of oncology and traumatology. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of this outbreak on the specialty of maxillofacial surgery and how the current situation is being managed on a worldwide scale. To achieve this goal, the authors developed an anonymous questionnaire which was posted on the internet and also sent to maxillofacial surgeons around the globe using membership lists from various subspecialty associations. The questionnaire asked for information about the COVID-19 situation in the respondent’s country and in their workplace, and what changes they were facing in their practices in light of the outbreak. The objective was not only to collect and analyse data, but also to highlight what the specialty is facing and how it is handling the situation, in the hope that this information will be useful as a reference in the future, not only for this specialty, but also for others, should COVID-19 or a similar global threat arise again.

Maxillofacial surgery: the impact of the Great War on both sides of the trenches

"War is the father and King of all", Heraclitus the obscure philosopher, declares. It certainly appears that the specialty of maxillofacial surgery was greatly advanced during WWI. This article focuses on the circumstances under which the specialty was developed, the significant events and the important figures that played a leading role in the advancement of a new fascinating surgical specialty. The literature leaves no doubt that trench warfare despite its devastating outcome for humanity has forged the shape of modern maxillofacial surgery.

Awareness about oral and maxillofacial surgery specialty among medical and dental professionals

Awareness about oral and maxillofacial surgery specialty among medical and dental professionals

Perception of oral and maxillofacial surgery specialty among physicians in Sokoto, Northwest Nigeria

Background: Oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) evolves from the anatomical region within the head and neck region. Contrary to common belief, its scope does not start and end with teeth. This study is to assess the awareness of physicians in Sokoto, Northwest Nigeria, about the scope of practice of OMS. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional study carried out during annual general meeting of the Nigerian Medical Association in Sokoto. This is the largest gathering of physicians in the state. Data were stored and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) and results presented in simple descriptive statistics and frequencies only. Results: One hundred and twenty-five questionnaires of the 150 distributed were returned and analyzed with a response rate of 83.3%. The analysis showed that there is high awareness of the respondents about the scope of oral and maxillofacial surgeons (OMFS) in facial bone fracture, jaw deformities, orofacial tumors, and temporomandibular joint ankylosis (81.0%, 88.1%, 88.1%, and 82.5%) respectively. There is, however, low awareness about its scope in sinus problems, cleft lip and palate, and esthetic facial surgery (9.5%, 12.7%, and 14.3%) respectively. Conclusion: The awareness of the scope of OMS practices needs to be increased among physicians, especially in cleft lip and palate, sinus problems, and esthetic facial surgeries. It is imperative as OMFS specialty to raise awareness of our specialty among physicians.

Laser-Assisted Frenectomy Using 980nm Diode Laser

A frenum is a fold of tissue or muscle connecting the lips, cheek or tongue to the jawbone. Their high attachment may cause orthodontic problem (Central diastima), prosthodontic problems (Poor retention of denture), periodontic problems (gingival recession and inflammation) and speech problem (tongue tied in ligual frenum). A frenectomy is the removal of one of these folds of tissue and it is a common procedure in the specialty of maxillofacial surgery. Laser-assisted frenectomy is a much more comfortable for the patient because it means that no scalpel or stitches are required. This clinical study was carried out at department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Ramadi Teaching Hospital; 25 patients including 16 (64%) male and 9 (36%) female with age range from 3 months to 18 years old with mean age 6.5 years old. Chirolas 20W diode laser emitting at 980 nm; the laser is delivered through a fiber optic 400 μm. Beam profile is a single-mode Gaussian (TEM 00 ) , with a spot size (0.9 mm) was used to performed laser-assisted frenectomy. Our preliminary clinical findings include sufficient hemostasis, coagulation properties and precise incision margin with all of the surgical procedure. The postoperative advantages, i.e., lack of swelling, bleeding, pain or, scar tissue formation, the good wound healing and overall satisfaction were observed in the clinical application of laser-assisted frenectomy. The clinical application of the diode (980 nm) laser in oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures proved to be of beneficial effect for daily practice, it can be considered practical, effective, easy to used, offers a safe, acceptable, and impressive alternative for conventional techniques of frenectomy.

Perception by Laypersons and Healthcare Professionals Towards Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Background: Oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) is a surgical branch of dentistry that deals with the wide spectrum of diseases, injuries and defects in the maxillofacial region. There are plenty of people who have lack of awareness towards the wide surgical scope provided by OMFS as reported by previous study done in Boston in 1996. The purpose of this study was to assess the level of awareness among the general public and healthcare professionals towards Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery specialty in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). Materials and Methods: A total of 186 standardized questionnaire was distributed to 6 groups of respondents which include laypersons attending HUSM, 4th year dental and medical students, dental officers, medical officers and paramedical workers from various departments such as Emergency department, Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) department, medical family clinic and dental clinic of HUSM. Results: The data showed that 100% of students and practitioners had heard of OMFS, whereas only 68.9% of the laypersons have heard of the specialty. Furthermore, only 11.6% of the lay responders had been treated by an OMFS. The full results also suggested that about 50% of laypersons, 35% of medical professionals and 30% of dental professionals had lack of understanding about the range of care provided by OMFS specialty. Conclusion: A thorough education need to be implemented among dental and medical undergraduate students as well as professionals so that they can make a proper referral later on and automatically provide correct information to the laypersons. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 02 April’13 Page 199-208 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i2.14950

Facial trauma prevalence in the north area of Santiago

The maxillofacial trauma has become a branch of great importance of the Maxillofacial Surgery specialty. The prevalence of trauma in the facial skeleton has been increasing in our population due to the considerable increase of the main etiological factors.

Poster Board Number: 34: Resection and Immediate Reconstruction of Benign Pathology With Non-Vascularized Bone Graft and the Aid of Stereolithographic Models: A Case Series From UIC OMFS

Statement of the Problem: The treatment of odontogenic tumors is one of the hallmarks of the oral and maxillofacial surgery specialty. Benign odontogenic tumors, such as ameloblastomas or odontogenic myxomas, require resection with one cm margins to minimize the chance for recurrence, a major concern with these tumors. Traditionally, resections that lead to continuity defects, such as those in the mandible, are “bridged” with reconstruction plates and screws to maintain the bony segments in their pre-resection anatomic relationship; moreover, these defects are secondarily reconstructed with bone grafting several months or even years after the resection.

Public Recognition of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Specialty Designations

Public Recognition of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Specialty Designations

Public Recognition of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Specialty Designations

Public Recognition of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Specialty Designations

Public and professional perception of oral and maxillofacial surgery (A pilot study)

In the advanced countries, the awareness of Oral and maxillofacial surgery by both the public and medical specialties has led to rapid development and expansion of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery specialty with management of diverse and complex problems within a well defined anatomical region. In the developing countries like Nigeria, the trends are slow and this explains why majority of our patients present at very late stage when only palliative measures are the option. The study aims to assess the level of public and professional (GMP and GDP) knowledge and awareness of oral and Maxillofacial surgery specialty. A questionnaire was devised to assess the knowledge and awareness about the specialty of oral and maxillofacial surgery . Ninety one members of the public who were office workers, civil servants, hospital worker in Yaba local government area of Lagos state were the public respondents. The inclusion criteria was that all respondents had attained at least secondary school educational level. They were randomly chosen and had the questionnaires applied to them. Additionally, 40 General medical practitioners and 40 General dental practitioners were picked randomly from 7 local government areas of Lagos state (Yaba, Ebutte Meta, Surulere, Lagos Island, Shomolu, Kosofe and Ikeja) and the questionnaire was applied to them. Only 5.4% of the public had heard of oral and maxillofacial surgeon before. By comparison, the corresponding figures for ENT and plastic surgeons were 40.0% and 23.1% respectively. Only 4.4% of the public had a prior treatment by an oral and maxillofacial surgeon while 86.2% did not know what a maxillofacial surgeon does. The professionals (GMP and GDP) are quite aware of who a maxillofacial surgeon is, but are less knowledgeable of new areas/subspecialties of maxillofacial surgery such as cleft lip and palate surgery, cosmetic and orthognathic surgery, implantology, craniofacial surgery. Also general Medical Practitioners (60%) views of maxillofacial surgeons work are mainly dento-alveolar in horizon. These figures are low and it is an indication of low awareness of the specialty by the public and the professionals. While regular auditing ,publications, flow of information, leaflets about oral and maxillofacial surgery to the public, health service personnel, providers and government will improve the trends, continuous professional development Programmes (CPDP) for GDP and GMP will keep them abreast of developments in the specialty.

Computer‐aided surgery using 3D rendering of maxillofacial pathology and trauma

Technological advances in the field of robotics and computer-assisted surgery continue to revolutionize medicine and surgery. The specialty of maxillofacial surgery has benefited from this advancement. One of the areas of the specialty where this advancement has made significant contributions is in the management of complex soft tissue and bony pathological conditions. Equally significant benefits have also been seen in the reconstruction of traumatic facial defects. Reviews of the literature and retrospective cases from the University of Florida College of Medicine at Jacksonville were undertaken. An update on the current use of three-dimensional (3D) imaging of maxillofacial pathology and a report of a case example are presented. The use of computer-aided rendering of 3D images of the disease process or defects allows for the surgeon to manipulate the information in the preoperative setting to aid in the planning of the surgery. This preoperative planning is, in effect, a simulation of the planned surgery. This paper reviews one of the commonly used methods of integrating computer-aided surgery in the daily practice of maxillofacial surgery. The advantages as well as the drawbacks of this technique are reviewed.