Special Language Research Articles

Формирование лексических навыков при обучении английскому языку в вузах системы МВД России с использованием лексических игр

Professional communication is characterized, first of all, by the presence of a special language, that is, a special vocabulary used by specialists in a particular field of activity when communicating. In this regard, it is necessary to pay special attention to the process of forming lexical skills when teaching English. A common method of working at all stages of the formation of lexical skills is lexical games. The use of lexical games in teaching any foreign language, including English, plays a special role in learning ESP (English for specific purposes). An example of one of these lexical games is the game "Jeopardy", the essence of which is revealed in this study. The purpose of the study is the theoretical substantiation of the process of formation of lexical skills in teaching English in universities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and the development of exercises aimed at the formation of lexical skills using lexical games. The subject of the study is the peculiarities of the use of lexical games in the formation of lexical skills in English in universities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The practical significance of the research consists of materials that can be used in foreign language (English) classes language in higher educational institutions of a legal orientation, including in educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

RELIGIOUS VOCABULARY OF EVERYDAY LANGUAGE OF THE ORTHODOX BELIEVERS OF UKRAINE

The article attempts to analyze the interaction of the religious language sphere with the Ukrainian language in the context of the religious discourse. Due to the ability of religious discourse to interact with other types of discourse, the speech activity of Orthodox believers is realized within institutional and personal discourses, the latter of which covers the sphere of interpersonal communication in the context of everyday interactions. The objective of the study is to find out the specifics of the functioning of lexical units expressing religious meanings in everyday language of Orthodox believers of Ukraine. The attributive and modus specificity of language of the religious sphere makes it possible to distinguish the language of religion as a representative of the meaning of the existence of religion and the religious language as the embodiment of manifestations of religion in the socio-cultural context. The religious language, which is objectified in the everyday language of Orthodox believers, includes a set of language units and lexical-semantic constructions peculiar to the church-religious sphere. At the same time, the everyday language of believers is characterized by coexistence of lexical units of sacred and national languages, an appeal to the emotional sphere of believers, and the use of verbal and non-verbal means of communication. The everyday language of Orthodox believers includes theological terms, church Slavonicisms, archaisms, historicisms, borrowed words. It also contains the phenomena of polysemy, homonymy, synonymy, antonymy and acts as an additional means of communication in the context of social interactions.

GeoLLM: A specialized large language model framework for intelligent geotechnical design

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in various industrial and research fields, enhancing work efficiency by assisting machines in comprehending human language. In geotechnical design where extensive repetitive cross-checking of design codes consumes considerable time and labour, the utilization of LLMs to enhance design procedures has not been explored before. The challenge is to ensure that LLMs accurately comprehend professional geotechnical information from text and execute mathematical calculations correctly. This study makes the first attempt at developing a specialized LLM framework, GeoLLM, integrated with an innovative prompt engineering strategy to extract professional information from text and enable accurate mathematical calculations. GeoLLM is applied to the design of single piles involving bearing capacity and settlement calculations. The results reveal that GeoLLM exhibits excellent performance in single pile cases. Additionally, compared with LLMs of varying architectures and sizes, commercial LLMs with over 100 billion parameters presented outstanding comprehensive capacities, while those with 1.8 ∼ 72 billion parameters degraded relatively. These findings indicate the promising capacity of GeoLLM to address professional tasks in geotechnical design.

Cognitive Approach to the Use of Multimedia in Maharoh Kalam Learning

Mastery of speaking skills in learning Arabic often faces challenges related to student engagement and the effectiveness of traditional teaching methods. Conventional teaching methods are usually considered less attractive and unable to meet the learning needs of students effectively. This study aims to explore the use of multimedia based on a cognitive approach to improving students' speaking skills in the Special Arabic Language Learning Program (PKPBA) UIN Malang. Qualitative research methods were used, involving in-depth observations and interviews with students and faculty to collect data on the experience and impact of multimedia use. The results showed that multimedia designed with a cognitive approach significantly improved students' speaking skills, increased motivation, and enriched the learning experience. These findings make an important contribution to cognitive theory by demonstrating the practical application of multimedia in language learning, as well as providing guidance for educators in designing more effective learning materials. This research also emphasizes the need for inclusive technology development, attention to ethics, and the protection of users' data. Keywords: Speaking Skills, Multimedia, Cognitive

Poetic Expression of Gay Lexicon Conveyed through Imagery in Lines of Poems

The focus of this study revolves around gay literature, specifically the poetics related to homosexuality. Gay literature includes literary works authored by individuals who identify as gay, as well as literary works by heterosexual writers that explore or discuss homosexual themes, and literary works that incorporate gay terminology. While there have been recent studies on gay literature and works, there has been a lack of attention given to gayspeak, which can be referred to more formally as a lavender lexicon, being incorporated into texts or selections that are thought to have literary significance. The study seeks to address how gayspeak is depicted in literature. Are there poetic elements present in texts that use gayspeak? The study seeks to determine the potential impact of homosexual poetics or gay speak on the advancement of literature and the teaching of literature, particularly about its literary qualities. The study utilized a limited selection of only two poems due to the scarcity of available poetry incorporating gay language. Every poetry in the collection is accompanied by translations in Filipino and English, which accurately convey the original phrases written in gayspeak. The poems were assessed based on their poetic substance and the extent to which the language used in the poem's lines demonstrates literary qualities, which is the study's primary objective. The analysis of these poems involved the application of established theories and research, such as Shklovsky’s concept of Defamiliarization (2004) and the Imagery and Symbolism concept by Dimalanta and Abad (2003). Gay language in poetry has literary qualities, conveying meaning through imagery. It enhances comprehension of a poet's work and creative process. Studying imagery provides insight into the poet's production and interpretation of the text, whether written in standard or specialized language.

ARUNIKA

Based on the experience, the composer will also create a musical composition entitled Arunika. Arunika is the phenomenon of the emergence of the tip of the sun above the eastern horizon, or this event is often called the sunrise process. Arunika is a word derived from Sanskrit. Sanskrit itself is a member of the Indo-European language family and is considered one of the oldest and most well-known languages among linguists. Sanskrit is a perfect language, an antonym of vernacular or prakrit, often used for religious or scientific purposes. Sanskrit is one of the official languages used in India today, because it is closely related to Hinduism and Buddhism. In India itself, Sanskrit is commonly used in several Hindu religious ceremonies and other major national celebrations. This language is a special language for Indian society, this is because it is a marker of differences in social status so it is only taught to upper classes or castes. The use of Sanskrit has developed into a specific symbol and language not only in India but also in several countries. The word Arunika became the title of the work to reflect a personal experience, namely vision problems, where his eyes became dark and he could not move. The problems experienced by cultivators have a big impact on the path of dreams and the future they have envisioned. The impact of this problem made the cultivator decide on his dream. Arunika herself had a huge influence in the process of creating this work. This work was born from a process of self-healing and recovery accompanied by the environment.

Мебель «Лесной серии» С. Т. Конёнкова как образец синтезированного художественного языка

The research relies on a comprehensive approach, a formally stylistic analysis of over 60 pieces from the “Forest Series” by S. T. Konenkov, including furniture, as well as statements by its author. The aim of the study is to reveal the multi-level synthesized nature of the works, namely the synthesis of art forms, styles, genres, technical and methodological dominants, and deep generalizations of historical and religious content. The synthesis of genres is particularly evident in the investigated cycle of works as a whole, and their complex combinations are found in a number of individual pieces of furniture. As a result, the conclusion is made that it is precisely this specificity of the artistic language that allowed the sculptor to express the deep symbolic content, preserving the centuries-old connotations of Russian national art. The research is novel in that it is the first one to analyze the multi-level synthesized character of the works of furniture in the “Forest Series” by S. T. Konenkov, namely the synthesis of art forms, styles, genres, technical and methodological dominants, and deep generalizations of historical and religious content.

Effectiveness of jigsaw puzzle assisted visual reinforcement technique on toothbrushing knowledge, practices and clinical parameters of hearing and speech-impaired adolescents: A single-blind randomized controlled trial.

Oral health education (OHE) for hearing and speech-impaired (HSI) adolescents relies heavily on sign language. However, it is not effective in conveying oral health concepts due to communication barriers, resulting in suboptimal oral health outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the impact of the jigsaw puzzle assisted visual reinforcement (JPVR) technique on toothbrushing knowledge, practices, and clinical parameters among HSI adolescents. The study was carried out as a single-blind randomized controlled trial in a public school in Belagavi, India for a period of three months. The study included 95 participants who were randomly allocated into two groups. One group received sign language with JPVR technique, and the other group received only sign language. A self-designed 15-item closed-ended questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha value of 0.88; content validity ratio=0.85) was developed to assess the knowledge, and practices at baseline and 3 months. Plaque and gingival indices were also recorded. At the end of 3 months, the knowledge gained and practices improved in JPVR group were significantly higher compared to sign language group (p=.001). The mean plaque score was significantly lower in JPVR group than that in the sign language group (p=.001); however, gingival index did not show any statistically significant difference at 3 months. The current study demonstrated that OHE utilizing JPVR technique led to significant improvements in toothbrushing knowledge, practices, and plaque scores compared to that of conventional sign language. This promising strategy has the potential to be cost-effective and does not incorporate specialized sign language training for health professionals.

Characterizing pituitary adenomas in clinical notes: Corpus construction and its application in LLMs.

Objective: Faced with the challenges of differential diagnosis caused by the complex clinical manifestations and high pathological heterogeneity of pituitary adenomas, this study aims to construct a high-quality annotated corpus to characterize pituitary adenomas in clinical notes containing rich diagnosis and treatment information. Methods: A dataset from a pituitary adenomas neurosurgery treatment center of a tertiary first-class hospital in China was retrospectively collected. A semi-automatic corpus construction framework was designed. A total of 2000 documents containing 9430 sentences and 524,232 words were annotated, and the text corpus of pituitary adenomas (TCPA) was constructed and analyzed. Its potential application in large language models (LLMs) was explored through fine-tuning and prompting experiments. Results: TCPA had 4782 medical entities and 28,998 tokens, achieving good quality with the inter-annotator agreement value of 0.862-0.986. The LLMs experiments showed that TCPA can be used to automatically identify clinical information from free texts, and introducing instances with clinical characteristics can effectively reduce the need for training data, thereby reducing labor costs. Conclusion: This study characterized pituitary adenomas in clinical notes, and the proposed method were able to serve as references for relevant research in medical natural language scenarios with highly specialized language structure and terminology.

The controller-first constraint beyond the Basic Variety: how do instructed learner varieties solve contexts of competition?

Abstract The Basic Variety has been described as a fully fledged system that is developed in second-language acquisition. It is guided by a small number of interacting phrasal, semantic, and pragmatic constraints. This article is devoted to the semantic controller-first constraint, which says that “the NP-referent with highest control comes first” in discourse contexts where this constraint comes into conflict. The Basic Variety, as described by Klein and Perdue, relates to migrant learners that were exposed to target languages in naturalistic contexts and situations outside the classroom. Our study also deals with learners living in the target language’s country at the time of the data collection, but our learners were benefiting from foreign language teaching at university. The goal of this study is twofold. The first part of the article discusses the origins of the key notion of ‘controller’ and introduces related theoretical underpinnings, such as argument hierarchies of transitive verbs and crucial factors determining argument realization. Our analysis shows that the controller-first constraint overlaps with two key concepts of the description of L1 functional grammars – i.e., control asymmetry and the Actor-Undergoer Hierarchy – suggesting that it does not only pertain to the Basic Variety but broadly speaking to the human language capacity. The second part of this study presents some preliminary results on the L2 grammars of Spanish-speaking learners of French in a context of ‘competition’. Our results show the pervasiveness of the controller-first constraint on L2 grammars beyond initial, non-instructed learner varieties, suggesting that this semantic principle is not totally independent of (a) the specifics of the source language and (b) the target constructions of the foreign language classroom.

ANALYTICAL DESCRIPTION AND ALGORITHM OF CALCULATIONS OF MECHANICS OF STRUCTURES WITH BERNOULLI – EULER BEAMS USING SCAS KIDY

The problems of developing a universal analytical description and algorithm for automatic computer calculations of dynamics, statics and kinetostatics of mechanical models of structures including a beam lattice are considered. This can be calculations of transient processes, steady-state free and forced oscillations, determination of equilibrium positions and stress-strain states under static and dynamic loads, etc. The structure itself can be flat or spa- tial, stationary or moving on a plane or in space. Various instruments and devices can be attached to it. Arbitrary connections can be taken into ac- count. It is shown how it is possible to succinctly, using a special language for preparing computer data, analytically describe a part of a structure rep- resenting a beam lattice. Based on the theory of elasticity of Bernoulli-Euler beams, 2 forms of the canonical representation of the potential energy of an elastic beam are obtained. This makes it possible to introduce into the language of description of mechanical models of the special computer algebra system KiDyM (SCAS KiDyM) a new beam element, for which the position of the coordinate systems associated with the extreme sections is indi- cated. The positions of these sections are determined by lattice nodes, like solid bodies. Angular and linear coordinates of such solid bodies give gen- eralized coordinates of the mechanical model. An algorithm has been developed for the formation of elements adopted to describe mechanical models in SCAS KiDyM. Thus, the elastic structure of the mechanical model is formed. Using the available tools in this program, equations of dynamics and statics are automatically constructed, that is, a mathematical model is formed, and dynamic and static calculations can be carried out. The proposed method is demonstrated in detail on the example of calculating the deformation of an elastic lattice, with is the basis of a UAV (unmanned aerial vehi- cle). The results are compared with calculations using the ANSYS program

SPECIALIZED NEURAL MACHINE TRANSLATION FOR AVIATION ENGLISH: INSIGHTS FROM PORTUGUESE-TO-ENGLISH AVIATION SAFETY REPORTS

Aviation safety reports are essential sources for the identification and analysis of risks in civil aviation. These reports are written in plain language, which requires the application of Natural Language Processing techniques for automatic and intelligent treatment. In the case of Brazil, the vast majority of reports are written in Portuguese. Therefore, for comparison with international database of reports that are written in English, a first step is the translation of Brazilian reports. In this work, a proposal for a machine translation model is presented based on the fine-tuning of pre-trained models. To this end, an aviation-specific language corpus is developed with the objective of generating example data for model training. Finally, a pre-trained model is fine-tuned with the corpus created in order to implement an automatic translation model that achieves good results in the task considering the specifics of the aviation language. As a result, a first model is implemented, presenting coherent results of translation between Portuguese/English in the specific domain of aviation.

Концептуальная инженерия: идея и проблемное поле

The article analyzes the ideas and methods of conceptual engineering, its goals, problem field and opportunities. Conceptual engineering as a philosophical di­rection arises at the intersection of descriptive and normative approaches, repre­senting a revisionist strategy. Emphasizing the correlation between science and social life, the developers of the idea draw attention to the need for a conscious attitude to conceptual representation and terminological choice. Particular atten­tion is paid to the analysis of the name of the direction: the engineering perspec­tive is associated with the idea of ​​managing the scientific process. Theoretical and methodological origins of conceptual engineering are considered: the ideas of J. Dewey on the development of “conscious thinking”, R. Carnap on explica­tion, S. Haslanger on the importance of a critical attitude towards significant so­cial theoretical constructs. It is shown that conceptual engineering as a revi­sionist epistemological project is aimed at changing specific forms of social interaction through the revision of current ideas about the world and about one­self. Given the paramount importance of language in organizing everyday intel­lectual practices, conceptual engineering focuses on concepts and their meaning. In essence, it represents another attempt to eliminate linguistic ambiguity, but no longer with the help of a special symbolic language, but by manipulating mean­ing and sense. The problems of semantic modifications of concepts associated with semantic drift, linguistic intuition and communication, knowledge transfer are analyzed

Cortical microstructure and hemispheric specialization-A diffusion-imaging analysis in younger and older adults.

Characterizing cortical plasticity becomes increasingly important for identifying compensatory mechanisms and structural reserve in the ageing population. While cortical thickness (CT) largely contributed to systems neuroscience, it incompletely informs about the underlying neuroplastic pathophysiology. In turn, microstructural characteristics may correspond to atrophy mechanisms in a more sensitive way. Fractional anisotropy, a diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measure, is inversely related to cortical histologic complexity. Axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity are assumed to be linked to the density of structures oriented perpendicular and parallel to the cortical surface, respectively. We hypothesized (1) that cortical DTI will reveal microstructural correlates for hemispheric specialization, particularly in the language and motor systems, and (2) that lateralization of cortical DTI parameters will show an age effect, paralleling age-related changes in activation, especially in the prefrontal cortex. We analysed data from healthy younger and older adult participants (N = 91). DTI and CT data were extracted from regions of the Destrieux atlas. Diffusion measures showed lateralization in specialized motor, language, visual, auditory and inferior parietal cortices. Age-dependent increased lateralization for DTI measures was observed in the prefrontal, angular, superior temporal and lateral occipital cortex. CT did not show any age-dependent alterations in lateralization. Our observations argue that cortical DTI can capture microstructural properties associated with functional specialization, resembling findings from histology. Age effects on diffusion measures in the integrative prefrontal and parietal areas may shed novel light on the atrophy-related plasticity in healthy ageing.

The Functional, the Imperative, and the Sudoku: Getting Good, Bad, and Ugly to Get Along (Functional Pearl)

Conventional wisdom suggests that the benefits of functional programming no longer apply in the presence of even a small amount of imperative code, as if the addition of imperative code effectively subtracts. And yet, as we show in this paper, combining functional programming with the special imperative language Esterel provides a multiplicative improvement to the benefits of functional programming. The key to the benefit of both Esterel and functional programming stems from a restriction that both share. As in functional programming, where only the inputs to a function determine its outputs, the state of an Esterel computation is fully determined by the program’s input and the state that the computation had in the previous time step, where the notion of a time step is explicit in the language. Esterel’s guarantee holds even though Esterel programs feature concurrent threads, mutable state, and the ability to create, suspend, and even terminate threads as the computation proceeds. This similarity is the root of the benefits that programmers accrue as they informally reason about their program’s behavior. To illustrate these benefits, the bulk of this paper consists of an in-depth exploration of HipHop code (a mashup of JavaScript and Esterel) that implements a Sudoku solver, showing how it is possible to write code that is as easy to understand as if it were written in a pure functional programming style, even though it uses multiple threads, mutable state, thread preemption, and even thread abortion. Even better, concurrent composition and task canceling provide significant program structuring benefits that allow a clean decomposition and task separation in the solver.

ТЕКСТТИН ПРАГМАТИКАСЫНЫН АЙРЫМ МАСЕЛЕЛЕРИ

The article is devoted to some general questions concerning the concept of text pragmatics. The necessity of studying not only the semantics and internal structure of the text, but also its pragmatics as an indicator of the fulfillment of the ultimate goal of communication is indicated. There is no doubt that in modern linguistics, the tendency to study language, all linguistic phenomena, and the functioning of language within the framework of an anthropocentric paradigm is relevant. Because the essence, the nature of language as a socio-social phenomenon, is primarily determined by man, by human society, who created and uses language. The specificity of language as a global phenomenon, its functioning as a means of communication between people, is primarily realized through text. The text, as a special unit with semantic, structural, and communicative specificity, also has pragmatic specificity. The pragmatics of the text is determined by the relationship between the text and the addressee. Such relationships are sometimes contradictory. In this regard, the article attempts to reveal the essence and features of the pragmatics of the text.

SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE SYSTEM DESIGN FOR THE MASS SERVICE SYSTEMS MODELING TO BE IMPLEMENTED IN GO PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

The subject of the article is the methods and approaches to organizing the architecture of software implementation designed for modeling the behavior of mass service systems. The goal of the work is to design a software architecture for implementation in Go language, intended to replicate the behavior of various types of mass service systems, without considering the failure of individual service channels, using parallel computing. The article addresses the following tasks: consider the basis for designing the architecture and conclude its appropriateness; develop requirements for the future software product for more effective resource use and clear definition of successful completion; analyze the approaches to organizing software architecture and make a justified decision on the application of one of them; design a general algorithm scheme taking into account all requirements; identify the components of the modeled system and their interactions; build process diagrams considering the specifics of the Go programming language; define the method and contracts of interaction with the software. The research will utilize the following methods: Go programming language, concurrency, architectural UML diagrams, C4 diagrams, process diagrams. The following results were obtained: the requirements for the software for modeling mass service operations (SMO) were defined; common approaches to organizing architecture were considered and a comparative analysis was conducted; the structure of the future program was developed at the necessary levels of abstraction; for the first time, an architecture of the software product for modeling various mass service systems using parallel computing and the concurrency approach under the implementation in the Go programming language was proposed.

Communicating With Ancestors: Paired Clauses in the Buntang Ritual of the Dayak Maanyan in East Barito, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

This study documented the structure and meaning of the language used in the Buntang ritual, as practised among the Dayak Maanyan in East Barito, Kalimantan, Indonesia. This is a special language spoken by this group, living in the southern part of Borneo, to communicate with their ancestors’ spirits. In our documentation, we observed the Buntang ritual, the location of the ceremony, the participants involved, and the interactions between participants to obtain a complete record of the Buntang ritual. We then interviewed a wadian, “priest”, for a complete transcription of the speech used during the ritual. The language used in ritual features constructions of paired clauses. Drawing on the awakening and summoning practices for ancestors’ spirits in this ritual, we documented 2,868 paired clauses. The first clause of the pair uses words from daily use in the Maanyan language, while the second clause uses words that are only used in the ritual. Pairs are a combined form of two clauses with the same meaning in an unequal number of words. This inequality occurs because of verb, noun, or adverb reductions at the beginning of the second clause and word additions at its end.

MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE LEXICAL-SEMANTIC FIELD OF ANDREY SHEPTYTSKYI'S PASTORAL LETTERS USING MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS

This article explores the lexical and semantic field of Andrey Sheptytsky's pastoral letters using machine learning algorithms. To study the lexical and semantic field, such algorithms as Word2Vec, TF-IDF, CBOW, Bag-of-Words and Skip-Gram are used. The texts of this prominent figure are studied through the prism of modern methods of natural language processing, which allows for a more detailed identification of the peculiarities of their vocabulary and semantics. The article discusses the process of creating computer models for text analysis, as well as the use of machine learning algorithms for automatic processing and classification of lexical items in pastoral letters. The results obtained allow us to better understand the specifics of the author's language and mentality, as well as to identify patterns in the use of relevant words and expressions in his work. This work opens up new possibilities for the study of pastoral texts and deepening our understanding of their semantic properties.

Development of interactive digital teaching materials based on 21st century skills in special purpose arabic language courses at STAI Attanwir Bojonegoro

Special Purpose Arabic Language refers to the teaching or learning of Arabic language tailored to specific needs or objectives. This means that Arabic language lessons are designed with a focus on its usage context in specific fields or activities, as opposed to a general approach to teaching Arabic. Special Purpose Arabic Language courses at the university level are tailored to specific needs and objectives in a professional context, producing graduates ready to face global challenges. The objectives of this research are (1) to analyze the process of developing interactive digital teaching materials based on 21st-century skills in Special Purpose Arabic Language courses at STAI Attanwir Bojonegoro, (2) to analyze the feasibility of interactive digital teaching materials based on 21st-century skills in Special Purpose Arabic Language courses at STAI Attanwir Bojonegoro, and (3) to analyze the effectiveness of interactive digital teaching materials based on 21st-century skills in Special Purpose Arabic Language courses at STAI Attanwir Bojonegoro. This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model. Data collection techniques in this study use expert validation questionnaires, expert validation materials, student responses, and tests. The results of this research and development are as follows: (1) The development process consists of five steps: analysis, development, design, implementation, and evaluation, resulting in the production of interactive digital teaching materials based on 21st-century skills. (2) Based on validation results by experts, an average score of 90% was obtained. According to the Likert scale, the value of 90% falls into the category of very feasible because it is within the range of >61%. Meanwhile, the average percentage of student responses obtained an overall score of 88.5%, falling into the category of very feasible. (3) The results of the effectiveness test of teaching materials using a paired sample T-test showed a significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores with a significant value (2-tailed) of p = 0.000, <0.05. The null hypothesis (H0) in this study was rejected, and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted, indicating a significant difference between the two tests. Based on the data above, the developed teaching materials are effective in Special Purpose Arabic Language courses.