Committee Of Specialists Research Articles

Disciples, Devotees, Scholars, and Friends

It is a long-standing and well-appreciated tradition of Docomomo International to emphasize its diversity expressed in buildings, sites, and neighborhoods due to different geography, language, education, and personalities. The term multiple modernisms has been coined to express regional, stylistic, and constructive differences in the formal and philosophical expression of Modern Movement across the globe, within the continents, and even within countries. Docomomo conferences and Docomomo Journals have used and interpreted the term over the last 30 years to express and acknowledge the diversity in the growing community of national working parties. We only need to refer to the recent Docomomo Journal no. 67 (2022) on Multiple Modernities in Ukraine1, or no. 36 (2007) on Other Modernisms2, published in parallel with the 2006 Docomomo International Conference in Istanbul and Ankara (Turkey) with the same title. Other issues highlighted local and regional particularities together and, at the same time, referenced common roots and personal links, such as the preservation technology dossier no. 13 on Perceived Technologies in the Modern Movement 1918-1975 published by the International Specialist Committee on Technology (ISC/T) in 2014. In that publication, the specific and long-term collaborations of architects with engineers and artists were explored often leading to exceptional solutions in structure, design, and function.

Limiting court involvement in end-of-life treatment decisions for children in England & Wales: Advantages and limitations of a specialist committee deciding on futility

Limiting court involvement in end-of-life treatment decisions for children in England & Wales: Advantages and limitations of a specialist committee deciding on futility

Aeroacoustics research in Europe: The CEAS-ASC report on 2023 highlights

The Council of European Aerospace Societies (CEAS) Aeroacoustics Specialists Committee (ASC) supports and promotes the interests of the scientific and industrial aeroacoustics community on a European scale and European aeronautics activities internationally. In this context, “aeroacoustics” encompasses all aerospace acoustics and related areas. Each year the committee highlights some of the research and development projects in Europe.This paper is a report on highlights of aeroacoustics research in Europe in 2023, compiled from information provided to the ASC of the CEAS. In addition, during 2023, a number of research programmes involving aeroacoustics were funded by the European Commission. Some of the highlights from these programmes are also summarized in this article, as well as highlights from other projects funded by national governments and industry.Contributions are gathered in sections by topic, and a section covering relevant European scientific events in 2023 is also included. Enquiries concerning all contributions should be addressed to the authors who are given at the end of each subsection.

The history of compensation system for workers with pneumoconiosis-related lung cancer

To review the historical aspects of compensation system for workers with pneumoconiosis who developed lung cancer. Materials and papers published on the compensation system as discussed in administrative meetings were utilized. Legal claims for compensation for lung cancer among individuals with pneumoconiosis increased during the period of rapid economic growth in Japan. A possible causal relationship between pneumoconiosis and lung cancer in workers has been discussed by committees of specialists. The Expert Committee on Pneumoconiosis and Lung Cancer in 1978 did not find a causal relationship between them. However, a survey of physicians specializing in pneumoconiosis revealed medical disadvantages among individuals diagnosed with pneumoconiosis who developed lung cancer. The Ministry of Labour announced the risk of work-related lung cancer in patients with advanced pneumoconiosis (class IV or equivalent severity). Since then, numerous lung cancer patients with pneumoconiosis have been adjudicated. In 1997, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) re-evaluated the carcinogenicity of silica and declared it to be a Group I carcinogen in humans. The Expert Committee on Compensation of Lung Cancer Cases Developing from Pneumoconiosis discussed the IARC evaluation but did not accept this classification. However, the Committee of Occupational Exposure Limits in the Japan Society of Occupational Health upheld the IARC evaluation of silica as a Group I carcinogen. Because the Expert Committee of Medical Disadvantage of Lung Cancer Patients with Pneumoconiosis accepted the increased risk of lung cancer in patients with class III or equivalent severity pneumoconiosis, the Ministry of Labour announced worker compensation for such patients. The Expert Committee of Health Control of Pneumoconiosis Complicated with Lung Cancer reported in 2002 that a meta-analysis revealed no increased risk of lung cancer among workers exposed to crystalline silica; however, there was an increased risk of lung cancer in patients with pneumoconiosis. The Ministry of Labour has added lung cancer to the list of complications from pneumoconiosis and, if necessary, regular medical checkups for lung cancer. After Leaving dust work, the Health Care System provides for workers who are diagnosed With class II or higher pneumoconiosis. Therefore, if an individual with pneumoconiosis develops class II or higher lung cancer, that individual becomes eligible for workers' compensation. The conclusion of the Expert Committee in 2002 and the decision of the Ministry of Labour to add lung cancer to its list of complications of pneumoconiosis are evaluated to be appropriate.

Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Questionnaire on Stress in Diabetic Patients (QSD-R) to Brazilian Portuguese.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that can cause psychological stress. This study was conducted to perform the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the QSD-R for diabetic patients into Portuguese (Brazil). This study was a cross-cultural adaptation process carried out in a public university in São Paulo, Brazil, in three stages: translation and backtranslation by two native-speaking independent professionals, analysis by a committee of specialists, and a pre-test phase. The final version was created by seven experts after making semantic, idiomatic, and cultural changes to eighteen items. The results indicated a satisfactory content validation index (CVI ≥ 0.80). This version was applied to 30 patients. No item was excluded from the instrument. The translated version of the QSD-R was considered adequate and culturally adapted for use in Brazil to enable the psychometric validation of the instrument.

Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Chronic Occupational Low Back Pain among Healthcare Professionals Working at Hospitals: Exploratory Survey Study.

Objective This study aimed to describe the methodological process for developing a questionnaire to identify the prevalence and risk factors for chronic occupational low back pain in healthcare professionals working at hospitals. Method An exploratory crossectional survey study was carried out in Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, and its metropolitan region, in two stages. Initially, the authors prepared a questionnaire based on the Roland Morris disability questionnaire and sent it to a committee of low back pain specialists for validation using the Delphi technique. The second stage consisted of sending the final questionnaire to health professionals working in a hospital environment for at least 2 years and presenting chronic low back pain for at least 3 months. Results Validation occurred in two rounds of questionnaire adjustments by a panel consisting of physical therapists and physician experts in the field (orthopedists with more than 3 years of experience). Both rounds had 13 participants. The questionnaire initially consisted of 27 items, and, after validation, it had 19 items. The study included 65 subjects, with an average age of 40.91 years old and an average time working at a hospital of 40 hours per week. The total sample had 76.9% of physicians, 10.8% of physical therapists, and 12.3% of nurses or nursing technicians. Most (52.3%) subjects reported staying in uncomfortable positions affecting the lower back for 5 to 10 hours per day. Conclusion We developed and validated, using the Delphi technique, a questionnaire on the prevalence and risk factors associated with chronic occupational low back pain among healthcare professionals working at hospitals. This unprecedented tool can benefit the population studied since the questionnaires currently used to evaluate chronic low back pain are not specific for investigating the occupational cause of this condition.

Diagnosis and management of acute promyelocytic leukemia: Brazilian consensus guidelines 2024 on behalf of the Brazilian Association of Hematology, Hemotherapy and Cellular Therapy

Improvements in clinical assessment have occurred since the last published recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia in 2013. Here, a committee of specialists of the Brazilian Association of Hematology, Hemotherapy and Cellular Therapy presents a comprehensive review on the current knowledge, focusing on the advances in diagnosis, risk assessment, and frontline and salvage therapy. The concept of urgent diagnosis is explored as well as the management of critical situations such as coagulopathy and differentiation syndrome. Recent adjustments in risk stratification based on white blood cell counts only are presented together with the incorporation of chemo-free regimens for non-high-risk patients. Special conditions such as acute promyelocytic leukemia in children, the elderly and pregnant women are discussed. Finally, acute promyelocytic leukemia is presented as a highly curable disease because of the real possibility of targeted therapy towards differentiation, and, paradoxically, as a serious and urgent condition that deserves prompt recognition and management to avoid early mortality.

Chronic pain among older adults and its impact on satisfaction with social participation: development and validation of the "Instrument to Assess Older Adults' Social Participation". A descriptive quantitative study.

We aimed to develop and validate a practical instrument to assess older adults' satisfaction with their social participation (SP). This methodological validation study was conducted at a public higher education institution. A two-phase study was designed, developed, and validated to assess older adults' satisfaction with their SP. In the first phase, we conceptualized SP and developed an "instrument to assess older adults' satisfaction with their SP (IAPSI)," as approved by a committee of specialists, pre-tested, and partially validated. Second, we determined the IAPSI's reproducibility using Cronbach's alpha to measure internal consistency, Pearson's and Spearman's coefficients to measure correlations, the Bland-Altman plot and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to measure reproducibility. We also generated a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. 102 older adults (mean age, 87.29) participated in the first phase. Moderate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.7) and significant moderate correlations with quality of life by World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-bref and by WHOQOL-old social domains (Pearson's coefficients 0.54 and 0.64, respectively; P < 0.001) were found. The ROC curve indicated an IAPSI score of 17 as the threshold for the impact of pain on satisfaction with SP (83.3% sensitivity and 88.9% specificity, P < 0.001). In the second phase, 56 older adults (between 81 and 90 years old) participated. We found adequate intra- and inter-observer reproducibility for the IAPSI (ICC 0.96 and 0.78, respectively). We have developed a practical instrument with appropriate psychometric properties to assess older adults' satisfaction with their SP.

Development and validation of a mobile application prototype for postoperative cardiac surgery.

to develop and validate the content, appearance, and semantics of a prototype application for monitoring patients in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery. this is a technological development study based on Contextualized Instructional Design. The content and appearance evaluation was conducted by a committee of specialists, and semantic validation was carried out by patients from a cardiac surgery outpatient clinic. the application prototype consisted of 43 screens, validated by 17 health specialists, with content validity ratio and appearance validity index results of 0.86 and 0.99, respectively. For semantic validation, 10 patients participated in data collection, with a total content validity index of 0.978. the prototype of the "VivaCor PósOp" application demonstrated evidence of content, appearance, and semantic validity, with the potential to stimulate self-care in patients in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery.

CRUSE® -An innovative mobile application for patient monitoring and management in chronic spontaneous urticaria.

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is unpredictable and can severely impair patients' quality of life. Patients with CSU need a convenient, user-friendly platform to complete patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) on their mobile devices. CRUSE® , the Chronic Urticaria Self Evaluation app, aims to address this unmet need. CRUSE® was developed by an international steering committee of urticaria specialists. Priorities for the app based on recent findings in CSU were defined to allow patients to track and record their symptoms and medication use over time and send photographs. The CRUSE® app collects patient data such as age, sex, disease onset, triggers, medication, and CSU characteristics that can be sent securely to physicians, providing real-time insights. Additionally, CRUSE® contains PROMs to assess disease activity and control, which are individualised to patient profiles and clinical manifestations. CRUSE® was launched in Germany in March 2022 and is now available for free in 17 countries. It is adapted to the local language and displays a country-specific list of available urticaria medications. English and Ukrainian versions are available worldwide. From July 2022 to June 2023, 25,710 observations were documented by 2540 users; 72.7% were females, with a mean age of 39.6years. At baseline, 93.7% and 51.3% of users had wheals and angioedema, respectively. Second-generation antihistamines were used in 74.0% of days. The initial data from CRUSE® show the wide use and utility of effectively tracking patients' disease activity and control, paving the way for personalised CSU management.

Adaptação transcultural do inventário Parent Hearing Aid Management Inventory para o Português Brasileiro

ABSTRACT Purpose to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Parent Hearing Aid Management Inventory into Brazilian Portuguese. Methods study of the methodological type of cross-cultural adaptation, which followed the recommendations of the literature for its execution. Two steps and eight steps were performed to achieve the adaptation: obtaining permission from the authors; formation of a committee of specialists who acted in some of the steps for the validation of the translation, translation by 2 proficient translators, synthesis of the translations and evaluation of equivalences, reverse translation and synthesis of the same, pilot study with 10 families to verify the applicability of the instrument and synthesis of the final version of the instrument. Results Cohen's kappa analysis was applied for the inter-rater agreement analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the analysis of internal reliability of the instrument. After application with the families, the instrument was considered valid to assess the needs for guidance and support of families regarding the management of hearing devices in the population of children with hearing loss. Conclusion the Inventory was translated and adapted into Brazilian Portuguese, under the name of Inventário de Manejo dos Aprendidos for the Family (IMAAF) and has the potential to help in clinical practice to achieve effective use of individual sound amplification devices in the population of children with hearing impairment, in a perspective centered on the needs of their families.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the Parent Hearing Aid Management Inventory into Brazilian Portuguese.

to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Parent Hearing Aid Management Inventory into Brazilian Portuguese. study of the methodological type of cross-cultural adaptation, which followed the recommendations of the literature for its execution. Two steps and eight steps were performed to achieve the adaptation: obtaining permission from the authors; formation of a committee of specialists who acted in some of the steps for the validation of the translation, translation by 2 proficient translators, synthesis of the translations and evaluation of equivalences, reverse translation and synthesis of the same, pilot study with 10 families to verify the applicability of the instrument and synthesis of the final version of the instrument. Cohen's kappa analysis was applied for the inter-rater agreement analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the analysis of internal reliability of the instrument. After application with the families, the instrument was considered valid to assess the needs for guidance and support of families regarding the management of hearing devices in the population of children with hearing loss. the Inventory was translated and adapted into Brazilian Portuguese, under the name of Inventário de Manejo dos Aprendidos for the Family (IMAAF) and has the potential to help in clinical practice to achieve effective use of individual sound amplification devices in the population of children with hearing impairment, in a perspective centered on the needs of their families.

Translation and adaptation of a questionnaire for assessing cognitive domains based on the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ‐ DSM‐5 for neurocognitive disorders

AbstractBackgroundThe Cognitive Domains and Functional Assessment Questionnaire (QACDF) assesses cognitive and functional decline based on the DSM‐5 criteria for Neurocognitive Disorders¹. The QACDF has two versions, one for the patient and another for the informant. It is composed of 30 items, each assessed by a likert scale. This questionnaire has appropriate semantic characteristics for the Brazilian older adult population.MethodThe objective of this study was to translate, adapt and assess the semantic, idiomatic, experiential and conceptual equivalence of the QACDF. Firstly, the QADCF original version in Portuguese was translated to English by two Bilingual translators, a non‐specialist linguist and a specialist in the field. After this, the two translators (T1 and T2) together with a mediator translator synthesized the translations in a common version (T3). Then, the T3 version was back‐translated into Portuguese by a Bilingual translator, blind to the original version². The three versions (original, translated and back‐translated) were assessed by a committee of specialists. The committee was composed of the initial translators, an English native speaker, an expert in the methodology and the main researchers.ResultThe QACDF Items were adjusted to conceive equivalent expressions for the target language, as well as to assess cognitive domains and the functionality of daily living of English speakers. Semantic, idiomatic, experiential and conceptual equivalence were debated by the committee until consensus was reached.ConclusionThe translation of the instrument followed the proposed methodology by Beaton et col. However, while the Brazilian Portuguese versions have been assessed by two pilot studies, pilot studies are still needed to further adjust the questionnaires for English speakers.

The Effect of an Instructional Program, Based on Creative Thinking, on Developing Painting Composition skills among students

This research, entitled “The Effect of an Instructional Program Based on Creative Thinking to Develop Students’ Skills in Composition of Painting”, is a study that, through designing a program, works on the basis of creative thinking to develop students’ artistic products and solve the problems of composition subject in a scientific way under the light of new and creative thinking. This study aims at revealing the effect of the instructional program on developing students’ composition skills. It also attempts to find out the differences between genders (male and female) in terms of the effect of the instructional program on students’ skills in composing paintings and utilizing creative thinking in their paintings. Likewise, this program was applied on fourth year students of plastic art department, painting branch at Chamchamal Fine Arts Institute. Experimental method has been used with one group that their number was 18 students. Psychosometric charectristics of the used instruments were obtained and then a pre-test was carried out with the students. In addition, the students were taught for 6 weeks through the new creative thinking program which was based on experts’ views and scientific sources. At the end of the course, a post-test took place that included theoretical and practical parts. The practical part and products were scored and assessed by a committee of specialists in the field. Moreover, the data was analysed based on the Mann Whitney U test, Wilcoxon Test equations. The results of the study showed that there was a positive effect of the instructional program on the developing painting composition skills. Regarding the gender difference, the study revealed that despite the existence of differences between male and female students in the pre-test, there was a signifant differences between gender in Painting Compositionin in the post-test. Suggesting that, the instructional program is benefical for both male and female students. Conversely, statistically signifant difference between gender was not found in creative thinking in the post-test.

Case-Finding tool for COPD in LMIC (COLA) - translation and cross-cultural adaptation into Brazilian Portuguese language.

To translate and cross-culturally adapt the COPD in Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) Assessment (COLA) questionnaire into Brazilian Portuguese, a case-finding instrument for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Translation and cross-cultural adaptation were completed in six steps: the original version was translated into Brazilian Portuguese by two native speakers of the target language; the translated versions were synthesized; back-translation was performed by two native speakers of the original language; the back-translation and the Brazilian Portuguese version of the COLA were reviewed and harmonized by an expert committee of specialists; and, then, the pre-final version was tested by 30 health professionals who were asked if the items were clear to understand. The acceptability, clarity, and understandability of the translated version were evaluated. A final review of the questionnaire was produced by the authors and approved by the author of the original questionnaire. Some idiomatic, semantic, and experiential inconsistencies were identified and properly adjusted. Item 3 was considered the most unclear item (23,3%). Items 7, 8, and 9 presented clarity above 80% (93%, 90%, and 90%, respectively). Suggestions were discussed and incorporated into the tool and COLA was found to be clear and easy to understand. The Brazilian version of the COLA was easily understood by healthcare professionals and adapted to Brazilian culture. Translation and cultural adaptation of the COLA instrument into Brazilian Portuguese can be an important case-finding instrument for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Brazil.

Aeroacoustics research in Europe: The CEAS-ASC report on 2022 highlights

The Council of European Aerospace Societies (CEAS) Aeroacoustics Specialists Committee (ASC) supports and promotes the interests of the scientific and industrial aeroacoustics community on a European scale and European aeronautics activities internationally. In this context, “aeroacoustics” encompasses all aerospace acoustics and related areas. Each year the committee highlights some of the research and development projects in Europe.This paper is a report on highlights of aeroacoustics research in Europe in 2022, compiled from information provided to the ASC of the CEAS. In addition, during 2022, a number of research programmes involving aeroacoustics were funded by the European Commission. Some of the highlights from these programmes are also summarized in this article, as well as highlights from other programmes funded by national programmes or by industry.Enquiries concerning all contributions should be addressed to the authors who are given at the end of each subsection.

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Model Disability Survey (MDS) for Brazil.

This study has as objective the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Model Disability Survey (MDS), a World Health Organization instrument that provides comprehensive information on disability/functioning, for Brazil. This is a cross-sectional methodological study, carried out through five stages - initial translation, synthesis of translations, reverse translation, review by a specialist committee, and pre-test -, considering properties such as semantic, idiomatic, experimental, and conceptual equivalence. Translators, researchers, a mediating team, health professionals, a methodologist and a language specialist were needed to pass through the stages. Statistical analysis was produced from absolute and relative frequencies, measures of central tendency and dispersion, normality tests and content validity index (CVI) > 0.80. The MDS has 474 items, which generated 1,896 analyzes of equivalence. Of these, 160 items had a CVI < 0.80 in at least one of the four types of equivalence and required adjustments. After adaptations and approval by the judges, the pre-final version went on to the pre-test with 30 participants from four regions of the Brazilian Northeast. Regarding this sample, 83.3% are women, single, with an average age of 33.7 years (SD 18.8), self-declared as black or brown, active workers, with technical education and living with three residents. Interviews lasted 123 minutes on average, where 127 health conditions were mentioned, and the most frequent cited were anxiety and back pain. Answers were analyzed and 63 items were cited as needing some adjustment, two of which were submitted for analysis by the committee because they presented a CVI < 0.80. The instrument, guide and presentation cards were adjusted after a new pre-test. The MDS was translated and cross-culturally adapted to Brazilian Portuguese and showed adequate content validity.

(267–269) Proposals to define description and amend the definition of diagnosis in Article 38

(267–269) Proposals to define description and amend the definition of diagnosis in Article 38

Measurement properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Lower-Extremity Motor Activity Log for chronic hemiparetic poststroke patients.

Stroke is among the three leading causes of disability around the world, and it results in immediate difficulty in mobility and gait. There is a lack of instruments to evaluate what daily life is like for these individuals using their lower limbs in real-life environments (outside of the clinical environment). To perform the translation and cultural adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese of the Lower-Extremity Motor Activity Log (LE-MAL) and test its measurement properties in chronic poststroke individuals. The LE-MAL was translated into Brazilian Portuguese and adapted to the Brazilian culture. The comprehension and relevance of the final version were analyzed by a committee of specialists. The reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the LE-MAL/Brazil to detect changes after lower extremity constraint-induced movement therapy (LE-CIMT) and an intensive conventional therapy were tested. The LE-MAL/Brazil showed excellent inter- and intrarater reliability, with an intraclass correlation coefficient and Cronbach alpha > 0.70, as well as standard error of measurement and smallest detectable change < 10% of the total instrument score when applied by the same evaluators. The responsiveness of the LE-MAL/Brazil to detect changes showed better results after LE-CIMT than after the intensive conventional therapy, with most of the correlations > 0.50.

(227) Proposal to permit a binding decision on whether or not an indirect reference to a basionym or replaced synonym is sufficient for valid publication of a name

Recently, a proposal was published to amend the Shenzhen Code (Turland & al. in Regnum Veg. 159. 2018) to permit a binding decision on valid publication under Art. 38.4 when it is doubtful whether an illustration with analysis is acceptable in place of a description or diagnosis (Prop. 076, Pastore & al. in Taxon 70: 456. 2021). Now we have a similar proposal to permit a binding decision on whether or not an indirect or cryptic reference to a basionym or replaced synonym is sufficient for valid publication. The Code has a number of provisions where an indirect reference to a previous publication can affect the valid publication of a name, e.g. Art. 38.12, 38.13, 40.3, 41.3 and 43.2. According to Art. 41.3: “Before 1 January 1953 an indirect reference (see Art. 38.14) to a basionym or replaced synonym is sufficient for valid publication of a new combination, name at new rank, or replacement name.” In some situations, the form in which such a reference appears creates doubt as to whether it fulfils the requirement of Art. 41.3. This situation has no simple solution, and its subjectivity could lead to a name being considered validly published or not depending on the interpretation of the original publication. The case of Polygala pubescens Muhl. was comprehensively described by Pastore & Mota (in Phytotaxa 383: 125–127. 2018), where the authors argued that P. pubescens Muhl. was a replacement name for P. senega var. rosea Michx., because the name at new rank based on Michaux's name was preoccupied by P. rosea Desf. at the time. However, this interpretation has not been widely accepted. The alternative interpretation, that “rosea” was treated by Muhlenberg (Cat. Pl. Amer. Sept.: 63. 1813) as a variety of P. pubescens, a binomial that did not exist at that time, renders P. pubescens var. rosea (Michx.) Muhl. as not validly published. As regards “Polygala pubescens Muhl.”, IPNI (https://www.ipni.org/ accessed 5 Feb 2023) provides the following remarks: “Muhlenberg published Polygala pubescens rosea Mx and thus indirectly referred to P. senega var. rosea Michx. Since P. pubescens remained invalid in 1813, var. rosea Muhl. was also invalidly published.” This situation creates instability for some related names because P. pubescens Mart. (in Denkschr. Königl. Bot. Ges. Regensburg. 1(1): 185. 1815), a heterotypic synonym, is either an illegitimate later homonym or a correct name, and P. pubescens Nutt. (Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 87. 1818) is either a later isonym or a later homonym. Furthermore, there is no provision in the Code to resolve the issue as to whether or not something is a new combination, name at new rank or replacement name, and so a stalemate is reached. Therefore, we present a proposal to modify Art. 41 in order to permit, when it is unclear if a cryptic “indirect reference” satisfies Art. 41.3, the submission of a request for a binding decision to the General Committee. “41.n. When it is doubtful whether an author has satisfied the requirement of Art. 41.3 for an “indirect reference” to a basionym or replaced synonym, a request for a decision may be submitted to the General Committee, which will refer it for examination to the specialist committee for the appropriate taxonomic group (see Div. III Prov. 2.2, 7.9, and 7.10). A Committee recommendation as to whether or not the name concerned is validly published may then be put forward to an International Botanical Congress and, if ratified, will become a binding decision with retroactive effect. These binding decisions are listed in App. VI.” MM acknowledges financial support from the CAPES via a doctoral degree scholarship grant (688085/2022-00). JFBP and JP acknowledge financial support by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (grants 302972/2020-0 and 307931/2021-8, respectively).