Special Threads Research Articles

V10-08 ADJUSTABLE RETROPUBIC SLING FOR SURGICAL TREATMENT OF STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE IN COMPLICATED CASES

You have accessJournal of UrologyFemale Pelvic Medicine1 Apr 2018V10-08 ADJUSTABLE RETROPUBIC SLING FOR SURGICAL TREATMENT OF STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE IN COMPLICATED CASES Dmitry Shkarupa, Nikita Kubin, Olga Staroseltseva, Ekaterina Shapovalova, and Anastasia Zaytseva Dmitry ShkarupaDmitry Shkarupa More articles by this author , Nikita KubinNikita Kubin More articles by this author , Olga StaroseltsevaOlga Staroseltseva More articles by this author , Ekaterina ShapovalovaEkaterina Shapovalova More articles by this author , and Anastasia ZaytsevaAnastasia Zaytseva More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2018.02.2664AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Midurethral sling is a standard primary surgical procedure for female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Retropubic (RP) sling shows higher effectiveness than transobturator (TO) in patients with recurrent SUI. At the time, bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) is a common complication of RP sling. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of retropubic adjustable sling in patients with complicated SUI. METHODS Our study comprised 43 women suffering from SUI and who had one or more predictors of surgical failure such as previous anti-incontinence surgery or pelvic organ prolapse repair, intrinsic sphincter deficiency, severe SUI and concomitant morbidity. All patients underwent RP adjustable sling insertion. We used monofilament polypropylene sling with special threads, which allow to tune its tension during 2 days after surgery. The pre- and postoperative evaluation included urogynecological history, vaginal examination, cough stress test (CST), urodynamic study, bladder ultrasound and post-void residual urine volume (PVR) measurement, 1-hour Pad-test, questionnaires (UDI-6, UIQ-6, PFIQ-7, ICIQ-SF). RESULTS Mean surgery time was 27,5±10,1 min. There were no cases of intraoperative bladder injury or clinically significant bleeding. The next day after surgery 25 patients (51,8%) required tension adjustment. The tension was increased in 14 (32,5%) patients presented with positive CST and decreased in 11 (25,6%) patients, who had obstructive flow pattern, complaints of a slow or intermittent stream and PVR>100 ml. This procedure was repeated in 7 (16,3%) because of positive CST at the following examination. After adjustment, all patients were continent, with PVR≤ 60 ml. There were no cases of BOO or urinary retention after tension adjustment. None of the patients required intermittent or indwelling catheterization. Mean follow-up was 8.8±4.4 months.The objective cure rate was 95,4% (n=41). There was no significant decrease of Qmax (p>0,05). We had 3 (6,9%) cases of vaginal mesh extrusion in patients who had a history of vaginal mesh surgery. None of them underwent tension adjustment. There were no cases of wound infections, chronic pain or dyspareunia and no cases of BOO during follow-up. The questionnaires scores showed 88,3% (n=38) patients to be very satisfied with great improvement of the quality of life (p<0,001). CONCLUSIONS The adjustable retropubic sling is a good option for treating patients with risk factors of failure. It provides high objective and subjective cure rate and low complication number. At the same time, it allows to minimize the risk of postoperative voiding dysfunction © 2018FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 199Issue 4SApril 2018Page: e1075 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2018MetricsAuthor Information Dmitry Shkarupa More articles by this author Nikita Kubin More articles by this author Olga Staroseltseva More articles by this author Ekaterina Shapovalova More articles by this author Anastasia Zaytseva More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

An Efficient Programming Skeleton for Clusters of Multi-Core Processors

This paper proposes a divide and conquer skeleton which aids parallel system programmers by (1) reducing programming complexity, (2) shortening programming time, and (3) enhancing code efficiency. To do this, the proposed skeleton exploits three mechanisms of (1) work-stealing, and (2) communication/computation overlapping, and (3) architectural awareness in the proposed divide and conquer skeleton. Using the work-stealing mechanism, when a processing element reaches a low-load condition, the processing core fetches a new job from the waiting queue of other cores. The second mechanism uses special threads to enable the proposed skeleton to overlapping computations with communications. The third mechanism considers the architectural parameters of the host system e.g., size of L1 cache, network bandwidth, network latency to maximally match a divide and conquer problem with the proposed skeleton. To evaluate the proposed skeleton, three benchmarks of merge sort, fast Fourier transform, and standard matrix multiplication are developed by the proposed skeleton as well as customized programming. Experiments are done in both simulation and real implementation environments. The set of six codes are simulated using COTSon simulator and also implemented on 28 dual-core real system. Obtained results from simulations showed an average of 12.6% speed-up of the proposed skeleton as compared to the customized programming; obtained speed-up in real environment is 9.6%. Furthermore, programming aided by the proposed skeleton, is at least 70% faster than custom programming while this difference increases as the program volume increases.

Leveraging Hardware Message Passing for Efficient Thread Synchronization

As the level of parallelism in manycore processors keeps increasing, providing efficient mechanisms for thread synchronization in concurrent programs is becoming a major concern. On cache-coherent shared-memory processors, synchronization efficiency is ultimately limited by the performance of the underlying cache coherence protocol. This article studies how hardware support for message passing can improve synchronization performance. Considering the ubiquitous problem of mutual exclusion, we devise novel algorithms for (i) classic locking, where application threads obtain exclusive access to a shared resource prior to executing their critical sections (CSes), and (ii) delegation, where CSes are executed by special threads. For classic locking, our HybLock algorithm uses a mix of shared memory and hardware message passing, which introduces the idea of hybrid synchronization algorithms. For delegation, we propose mp-server and HybComb : the former is a straightforward adaptation of the server approach to hardware message passing, whereas the latter is a novel hybrid combining algorithm. Evaluation on Tilera's TILE-Gx processor shows that HybLock outperforms the best known classic locks. Furthermore, mp-server can execute contended CSes with unprecedented throughput, as stalls related to cache coherence are removed from the critical path. HybComb can achieve comparable performance while avoiding the need to dedicate server cores. Consequently, our queue and stack implementations, based on the new synchronization algorithms, largely outperform their most efficient shared-memory-only counterparts.

Implementation of Nonthreaded Estimation for Run-to-Run Control of High Mix Semiconductor Manufacturing

Semiconductor processing consists of many different unit operations that are combined in a sequence to create the finished product. Many of these unit operations utilize run to run control in order to keep the process within the required manufacturing constraints. Typically, the difference, or bias, between the desired and actual result of processing a particular wafer is affected by not only the particular product being produced, but the prior processing path. Each possible effect is called a context category, and the particular context items relevant for a wafer is called a thread. Because of frequent changes and updates in semiconductor products as well as a large number of product lines, run to run control must deal with a high-mix environment of products, and a large number of threads. Previously, several authors have discussed a method of describing the bias for a particular thread as a sum of context item biases and using a Kalman Filter to estimate these biases. However, two issues with previous implementations have been the observability of the state realization of the bias model, and the computational cost of the Kalman filter. In this paper, we introduce a model formulation that does not require model reduction or the specification of special reference threads, thus easily allowing new threads to be added and old threads removed. In addition, we describe how the problem structure allows the information form of the Kalman filter to be much more computationally efficient. Simulation results illustrate the proposed method.

FairThreads: mixing cooperative and preemptive threads in C

AbstractFairThreads introduces fair threads which are executed in a cooperative way when linked to a scheduler, and in a preemptive way otherwise. Constructs exist for programming the dynamic linking/unlinking of threads during execution. Users can profit from the cooperative scheduling when threads are linked. For example, data only accessed by the threads linked to the same scheduler does not need to be protected by locks. Users can also profit from the preemptive scheduling provided by the operating system (OS) when threads are unlinked, for example to deal with blocking I/Os. In the cooperative context, for the threads linked to the same scheduler, FairThreads make it possible to use broadcast events. Broadcasting is a powerful, abstract, and modular means of communication. Basically, event broadcasting is made possible by the specific way threads are scheduled by the scheduler to which they are linked (the ‘fair’ strategy). FairThreads give a way to deal with some limitations of the OS. Automata are special threads, coded as state machines, which do not need the allocation of a native thread and which have efficient execution. Automata also give a means to deal with the limited number of native threads available when large numbers of concurrent tasks are needed, for example in simulations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Removal of facial soft tissue ptosis with special threads.

Facial aging leads to loss of structural integrity. To develop a means of supporting ptotic facial tissue without facelifting. Polypropyline sutures were modified by designing many dents along their lengths. These "APTOS" threads hold tissue firmly because of the sharp edges to the dents. These threads were used to lift facial tissue in 186 patients. APTOS threads proved successful in lifting various ptotic areas of the face, improving facial contour. Improvement persisted in most patients with follow-up of two months to 30 months. In four patient (2.5%) the thread failed. Lifting facial tissues using APTOS threads is simple, constructive, and time-saving. It avoids scars and the need for implants.

Removal of Facial Soft Tissue Ptosis With Special Threads

BACKGROUND Facial aging leads to loss of structural integrity. OBJECTIVE To develop a means of supporting ptotic facial tissue without facelifting. METHODS Polypropyline sutures were modified by designing many dents along their lengths. These “APTOS” threads hold tissue firmly because of the sharp edges to the dents. These threads were used to lift facial tissue in 186 patients. RESULTS APTOS threads proved successful in lifting various ptotic areas of the face, improving facial contour. Improvement persisted in most patients with follow-up of two months to 30 months. In four patient (2.5%) the thread failed. CONCLUSION Lifting facial tissues using APTOS threads is simple, constructive, and time-saving. It avoids scars and the need for implants.

At the Turn of a Screw: William Sellers, the Franklin Institute, and a Standard American Thread

At a time when the superb drama of exploiting a new continent filled the minds of most Americans, nineteenth-century technical arguments about the shape and number of threads on a screw often have a remote, somewhat comic quality-a bit like Jonathan Swift's mock epic struggle between the Little Enders and the Big Enders. But the issue was not a matter of satirical trivia. Industrial development on a national scale demanded that nuts and bolts of the same diameter be interchangeable. Interchangeability, in turn, required that manufacturers conform to a standard system which fixed the contour of screw threads and established for each diameter the number of threads per inch. For America, in 1860, no such standard existed. Since that era also marked the emergence of this country into the arena of international industrial competition, the search for a standard cast reflections which illuminate such related considerations as a national style of engineering, American industrial practice, and the role of government in technological change. The most prevalent system-where system was used at all-was that which had first been proposed in 1841 by England's Sir Joseph Whitworth.' Whitworth's standard was a synthesis of the best English practice and answered the general case well enough so that it was widely employed. American usage was disuniform, however, varying from manufacturer to manufacturer and from locality to locality. Some firms developed systems to fit the particular requirements of their own processes. Others purposely used special threads to prevent outside repairs on their own machinery, in the same vein as the Erie Railroad's ill-fated use of wide-gauge track. By the 1860's, the appalling lack of national uniformity clearly called for reform. If there is any one thing in the transac-

A New Frontier for Oilwell Tubular Materials

SEWELL, FREDERIC D., HUMBLE OIL and REFINING CO., HOUSTON, TEX. JUNIOR MEMBER AIME Introduction The petroleum industry's developing need to expand its reserves by drilling 15,000- to 20,000-ft wells opens up a new frontier for oilwell tubular materials. These wells require tubular goods which far exceed in physical strength the tubular goods upon which the petroleum industry has depended for years.Drill pipe transmits power to the drilling bit and provides a conduit to direct the flow of drilling fluid to the bit for removal of formation cuttings. Here one may think of it as a hollow, rotating, vertical power transmission shaft, 15,000- to 20,000-ft long, under tension or compression and bending without the lateral support of roller bearings, and subject to more than 10,000-psi internal pressure.Casing supports the formations drilled through and seals the wellbore from these formations except in Ne completion interval. In these wells, think of the casing as a vertical pressure vessel designed for 10,000- to 15,000-psi internal burst pressures, something only slightly less than that in external collapse pressure, and tension loads up to 100 per cent of its own weight in air. Installed with threaded field connections, the vessel must, in addition to withstanding stresses imposed by loading, be leak-proof.Tubing transmits petroleum to the surface where the Christmas tree controls the flow. It also is an underground pressure vessel designed for the same internal pressure as the casing; it needs to be leak-proof and sealed off from communication with the casing at fixed ends. Nevertheless, it is subjected to added stresses generated by temperature fluctuations of as much as 300F.Thus, despite great care in design and handling, dangerous and costly tubular-goods failures still occur. A 12,000-ft, 365-ton string of protective casing recently designed for 8,000-psi service in a 20,000-ft wildcat well illustrates this situation.After one of the leading steel manufacturers produced the casing, several inspections attempted to cull out defects. Every joint of special high-pressure threads tested satisfactorily at 10,000 to 13,000 psi. Special practices prevented unloading damage, but during the unloading a visual inspection of the casing located some joints with overlooked mill defects and damage caused in shipment. Repair of the joints included recutting damaged threads, gauging the threads and pressure-testing. Casing running practice included the use of special tools and procedures to minimize notching and other damage, continuous observation by engineers on the job and setting carefully to design conditions.But only a few hours after installation, the casing string parted.This failure of high-strength material and numerous previous ones of various descriptions, plus the promise that well completion depths from 15,000 to 20,000 ft will become frequent, dare scientists and engineers to make many technological advances, not only to prevent similar failures to these depths, but also to permit future well completions at depths of at least 25,000 ft. The fantastically complicated problems presently being encountered in deep wells appear to involve engineering mechanics, mechanical engineering, metallurgy, chemical engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering and petroleum engineering, and challenge engineering disciplines to unite in producing practical solutions to a myriad of problems. In the following discussion of engineering problems in deep wells, it is hoped that you will hear ringing in your ears the question "How would I solve that problem?". Connections for Tubular Goods The current method of running tubular goods in the hole requires screwing sections together using threaded connections such as those shown in Fig. 1. JPT P. 501^

Observations on the Mating Habits of some Web‐spinning Spiders.

Summary. A tactile, display may occur in web‐spinners analogous to the visual display of the Attidæ and Lycosidæ and having the same function (e. g. Amaurobius similis). The female may be ready for the male on his approach and show him no hostility (usually the case with species with a short mating period); the tactile display is now reduced and has a kind of trigger‐action. If, in these cases, a female must be induced to come out of a retreat or onto special threads, the tactile display is more marked. Females usually attack males after mating, but in some species tolerate them, when, if food is plentiful, a common life may occur. In some species, males react to threads left by the female and even to those of another male. Possibly threads of males (often spun in female's webs) stimulate females, which would be a factor in the common life of species such as Dictyna, and may be a part of the courtship in other cases. All females remain motionless during copulation and some assume a rigid cataleptic condition, induced probably by the male's pre‐coition caresses or by the introduction of his style into the epigynum. In conclusion, I wish to express my thanks to Professor J. S. Huxley for much valuable advice and encouragement with regard to this paper, to Mr. W. S. Bristowe for allowing me to add his notes to my own and for many helpful criticisms, and to Dr. A. R. Jackson, who has very kindly classified many of my specimens from time to time.

Report of the Committee on Standardization of Special Threads for Fixtures and Fittings: Rolled Threads for Screw Shells of Electric Sockets and Lamp Bases

Report of the Committee on Standardization of Special Threads for Fixtures and Fittings: Rolled Threads for Screw Shells of Electric Sockets and Lamp Bases

Report of the Committee on Standardization of Special Threads for Fixtures and Fittings: On Straight Pipe Threads

Report of the Committee on Standardization of Special Threads for Fixtures and Fittings: On Straight Pipe Threads