Special Purpose Research Articles

Cross-border acquisitions: The case of SPACs

We examine one aspect of special purpose acquisition companies (SPACs) in the U.S. market, namely their focus on foreign targets. Using a sample of 1737 SPAC IPO filings and 537 SPAC mergers with targets from 28 countries between 2003 and 2022, we study both the geographic preference revealed in SPACs' IPO filings and the geographic location of target firms in the subsequent acquisitions. Our results show that 69% of SPACs with a declared foreign focus are subsequently successful in acquiring a foreign target. However, they take longer time to identify and complete mergers compared to those with a domestic focus. When a merger is announced, SPACs with U.S. targets exhibit significantly higher announcement returns compared to those with foreign targets, with an even more pronounced difference when targets are from China or other emerging markets. Post merger, all SPACs exhibit poor market-adjusted returns. SPACs with Chinese targets suffer the worst one-year post-merger stock performance, whereas those with targets from other emerging markets perform considerably better than the rest of their peers. Further examination suggests that country-level factors, such as investor protection and accounting standards, are significant determinants in post-merger market performance of SPACs engaged in cross-border acquisitions.

The Knapsack Problem with Conflict Pair Constraints on Bipartite Graphs and Extensions

In this paper, we study the knapsack problem with conflict pair constraints. After a thorough literature survey on the topic, our study focuses on the special case of bipartite conflict graphs. For complete bipartite (multipartite) conflict graphs, the problem is shown to be NP-hard but solvable in pseudo-polynomial time, and it admits an FPTAS. Extensions of these results to more general classes of graphs are also presented. Further, a class of integer programming models for the general knapsack problem with conflict pair constraints is presented, which generalizes and unifies the existing formulations. The strength of the LP relaxations of these formulations is analyzed, and we discuss different ways to tighten them. Experimental comparisons of these models are also presented to assess their relative strengths. This analysis disclosed various strong and weak points of different formulations of the problem and their relationships to different types of problem data. This information can be used in designing special purpose algorithms for KPCC involving a learning component.

Deliberative Governance Principles in Forest Areas Management with Special Purposes

Apart from having educational and development goals, the management of Diponegoro University's Wanadipa Special Purpose Forest Area (KHDTK) also aims to carry out sustainable forest use activities. The management carries out efforts to achieve these goals through a deliberative governance approach, including public consultation. However, the management is not yet satisfied with the results, considering that the community around the forest has not participated well in managing the KHDTK. Therefore, this research aims to analyze deliberative governance in KHDTK forest management by testing three deliberative governance criteria: representation, participation, and deliberation process. This approach is a collaborative effort between managers of Special Purpose Forest Areas (KHDTK) and farming communities around the forest. Mixed research methods were used in this research, with a concurrent embedded model. The qualitative research approach uses key informants as data sources, while quantitative research uses respondents consisting of forest farmers. The results of the research show that KHDTK forest management based on aspects of representation, participation, and deliberation has not run optimally. Therefore, it is recommended that intensive and open communication between KHDTK managers and forest farming communities be improved in KHDT forest management, which will provide benefits to both parties.

Legal restrictions are a specific method of legal regulation

The analysis of scientific sources provides grounds to assert that legal regulation is the regulation of social relations carried out through law and the entire set of legal means. The concept of «regulation» (from Latin regulo - rule) implies organization, adjustment, and bringing something into conformity with something else. In our view, to regulate means to define the behavior of individuals and their collectives, to direct their functioning and development, to provide certain limits, and to organize them purposefully. Alongside this, some scholars relate the term «regulation» solely to law as a system of norms and some other specific legal phenomena (legal relations, acts of law implementation). They disagree with the existing understanding of the regulation of social relations as the rigid and authoritative norming by the state and law, as, in their opinion, the category of «regulation» is not synonymous with coercion, rigid, and authoritative prescription. The legal norm establishes only a model of relations in which social interests must be correlated with the interests of society members, and alongside this, law widely uses such means of influencing people’s behavior as stimulation, encouragement, granting rights, etc. It is argued that to transition to the definition of legal regulation, it is necessary to refer to the theory of law, which provides explanations for the concepts of «legal influence» and «legal regulation». Legal influence is considered a broader concept, as it includes the normative-organizational influence on social relations not only through a system of special legal means (those that directly regulate these relations - legal norms, legal relations, acts of implementation and application of law), but also through other legal phenomena – legal consciousness, legal culture, legal principles, law-making process, etc. A proposed definition states that legal regulation is the authoritative influence on social relations carried out by the state through all legal means for the purpose of their organization, establishment, protection, and development. Besides such (regulatory) influence, law also exerts a spiritual-ideological influence on individual and social consciousness (both in the process of legal regulation and beyond). «Restrictions» and «prohibitions» as legal categories have been analyzed. The etymology of the words «restriction» and «prohibition,» their relationship to each other and to adjacent and synonymous concepts, have been explored, and an original interpretation of the content and essence of these concepts has been proposed. A number of features characterizing restrictions and prohibitions as legal categories have been identified (defined in normative legal acts; established to prevent potential abuses of law; associated with a «narrowing» of an individual’s legal status; presuppose a specific model of behavior, specifically restrictions entail active behavior, meaning to do only what is defined within limits; prohibitions entail passive behavior, meaning to refrain from doing prohibited actions; they perform a protective function in social relations; non-compliance with them is accompanied by a negative response from the state. The concept, characteristics, classification, and a systematic analysis of restrictions and prohibitions as means of legal regulation have been defined. Based on the analysis of dictionary, reference, encyclopedic literature, as well as specialized legal sources, the article formulates original definitions of «restriction». The specificity of these particular restrictions and prohibitions lies in their special area of application (they apply to individuals when exercising their powers within the civil service); they apply to specific subjects (directly to individuals who have the legal status of civil servants); their application is determined by a special purpose; they are characterized by specific, comprehensive normative legal regulation; their application is ensured by state coercion. Distinctive features inherent to restrictions and prohibitions in the field of legal regulation have been identified: individual character; preventive nature; limiting aspect; coercive nature; the presence of a special subject; connection to professional activity; relation to delict norms, and their essence has been explained. The normative basis for defining and applying restrictions and prohibitions as means of legal regulation has been characterized (substantive legislation, procedural legislation, sub-legislative normative legal acts). A classification of restrictions and prohibitions has been conducted, and it is proposed to conditionally divide them into three groups (personal, property, and mixed).

Edukasi Partisipatif Tentang Hasil Hutan Bukan Kayu Bagi Masyarakat Sebagai Upaya Untuk Melestarikan Hutan Kalimantan

This community service aims to increase community knowledge around Special Purpose Forest Areas (KHDTK) regarding non-timber forest products (HHBK) and increase community awareness and participation in maintaining and utilizing forest products sustainably. The method of implementing this service used participatory-based education. Evaluation of activities used questionnaire instruments and pretest-posttest analysis. To determine the effectiveness of using the service method, use the normalized gain score and the N-Gain effectiveness interpretation category. The results of this service showed that educational activities about HHBK for the community around the KHDTK area of Tanjungpura University, which were carried out in Simpang Kasturi Village were quite effective. The knowledge of the Simpang Kasturi Village community about HHBK increased by 61.4% after educational activities were carried out. People were increasingly aware of the importance of protecting and preserving forests, especially forest areas in Simpang Kasturi Village.

Innovating corporate share listing frameworks: a comparative study of SPAC regulatory regimes in the United Kingdom, Singapore, and Hong Kong

ABSTRACT In the 2020s, special purpose acquisition companies (SPACs) have swiftly emerged as an alternative vehicle for global corporations that seek a public listing. This article aims to critically analyse the regulatory frameworks governing SPAC listings in three prominent common law jurisdictions: the United Kingdom, Singapore, and Hong Kong. It evaluates the latest corporate share listing reforms from a comparative perspective, shedding light on how each jurisdiction adapts to the dynamic nature of SPACs and addresses rising challenges regarding investor protection under their new listing regimes. The discussion focuses on the influence of international best practices and the cooperation among global regulatory authorities. By providing an in-depth comparative analysis of SPAC listing rules in London, Singapore, and Hong Kong, this article offers valuable insights for researchers, legal practitioners, policymakers, public companies, and their investors who seek to understand the regulatory landscape for SPACs and innovative corporate regimes in leading financial centres. The findings enhance our understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of the SPAC regulatory frameworks in each of the three jurisdictions, thus assisting stakeholders in making informed decisions in the rapidly evolving global financial landscape.

Sustainable language learning and ePortfolio application

Abstract Adapting engineering education to a sustainable ESP (English for Special Purposes) training and competence-based education requires dedicated effort. Although active learning methodologies are commonly utilised in Higher Education institutions, there remains a need for enhanced curricular coordination and coherence. To address this, we are investigating the latest syllabus updates by introducing and verifying a valuable and student-friendly tool – an electronic portfolio in English. We view the ePortfolio as a comprehensive platform to facilitate students’ academic and professional growth, as well as their development of competences. This quasi-experimental study utilised a pre-/post-training trial design and nonrandomised control group to investigate the implementation of ePortfolios. During the diagnostic assessment, the first questionnaire allowed students to express their ideas regarding their competences, portfolio understanding, ESP and professional growth. The second was used to determine the undergraduates’ learning outcomes and perceptions after three months of training. There was a significant increase in learners’ support of several types of transversal competences, whereas some other competences appeared to be declining. This indicates that the ePortfolio tool stimulated a fresh process of self-reflection among the students. Our research focuses on examining the creation of the ePortfolio in the context of an ESP course to integrate technical students’ reflections on capacity building and advanced professional development in English.

Re-evaluation of guar gum (E 412) as a food additive in foods for infants below 16 weeks of age and follow-up of its re-evaluation as food additive for uses in foods for all population groups.

Guar gum (E 412) was re-evaluated in 2017 by the former EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient sources added to Food (ANS). As a follow-up to this assessment, the Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF) was requested to assess the safety of guar gum (E 412) for its uses as food additive in food for infants below 16 weeks of age belonging to food categories 13.1.1 (Infant formulae) and 13.1.5.1 (Dietary foods for infants for special medical purposes and special formulae for infants). In addition, the FAF Panel was requested to address the issues already identified during the re-evaluation of the food additive when used in food for the general population. The process involved the publication of a call for data to allow the interested business operators to provide the requested information to complete the risk assessment. In the response to EFSA requests, one IBO stated that E 412 is not used in food categories 13.1.1 and 13.1.5.1, but it is present in products under food category 13.1.5.2. The Panel concluded that the submitted data are not sufficient to support the safe use of guar gum (E 412) in food for infants (below and above 16 weeks of age) and young children under FC 13.1.1, 13.1.5.1 and 13.1.5.2. Additionally, the Panel concluded that the technical data provided by the IBO support further amendments of the specifications for E 412 laid down in Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012.

A Patented Dietary Supplement (Hydroxy-Methyl-Butyrate, Carnosine, Magnesium, Butyrate, Lactoferrin) Is a Promising Therapeutic Target for Age-Related Sarcopenia through the Regulation of Gut Permeability: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Adequate diet, physical activity, and dietary supplementation with muscle-targeted food for special medical purposes (FSMP) or dietary supplement (DS) are currently considered fundamental pillars in sarcopenia treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a DS (containing hydroxy-methyl-butyrate, carnosine, and magnesium, for its action on muscle function and protein synthesis and butyrate and lactoferrin for their contribution to the regulation of gut permeability and antioxidant/anti-inflammation activity) on muscle mass (assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)), muscle function (by handgrip test, chair test, short physical performance battery (SPPB) test, and walking speed test), inflammation (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), C-reactive protein (CRP), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT)) and gut axis (by zonulin). A total of 59 participants (age 79.7 ± 4.8 years, body mass index 20.99 ± 2.12 kg/m2) were enrolled and randomly assigned to intervention (n = 30) or placebo (n = 28). The skeletal muscle index (SMI) significantly improved in the supplemented group compared to the placebo one, +1.02 (CI 95%: -0.77; 1.26), p = 0.001; a significant reduction in VAT was observed in the intervention group, -70.91 g (-13.13; -4.70), p = 0.036. Regarding muscle function, all the tests significantly improved (p = 0.001) in the supplemented group compared to the placebo one. CRP, zonulin, and TNF-alpha significantly decreased (p = 0.001) in intervention, compared to placebo, -0.74 mg/dL (CI 95%: -1.30; -0.18), -0.30 ng/mL (CI 95%: -0.37; -0.23), -6.45 pg/mL (CI 95%: -8.71; -4.18), respectively. This DS improves muscle mass and function, and the gut muscle has emerged as a new intervention target for sarcopenia.

The ESP teaching and learning at the military academies in Ukraine: Psychological and sociocultural aspects

The article deals with the psychological and sociocultural aspects of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) teaching and learning at the military academies in Ukraine. Considering the high-risk environment, the cadets will serve in after commission, it offers ways of using emotional means to facilitate the ESP learning as well as to keep up their motivation and will in order to develop appropriate abilities to perform professional functions in such hard conditions. The article proposes a range of exercises and activities at each ESP lesson stage (Introduction, Presentation, Practice, Application, Verification, and Conclusion) and develops the strategies contributing to cadets' learning motivation. The article also provides activities and actions for the teachers, which will help them to properly organize and conduct ESP courses for the military developing cadets as 'secondary communicative personalities' based on the military culture of the English-speaking countries. Both the psychological and sociocultural aspects of ESP teaching and learning are analyzed with the aim of improving cadets' professional training.

The content of teaching law students to compile international legal documents during the integrated course

Importance. The integrated approach (subject-language integrated learning) creates methodological conditions for the formation of students in non-linguistic areas of training within the framework of an integrated course of two types of competencies simultaneously: foreign language communicative competence and professional competencies. The content of teaching foreign-language oral and written speech to law students is traditionally focused on Russian legislation. At the same time, graduates of the state legal profile in the course of their professional activities face the need to compile international legal documents. However, the selection of the content of teaching law students to compile international legal documents during the integrated course in a professional foreign language is not the subject of a separate study. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to select the content of teaching law students to compile international legal documents.Research Methods. The research is conducted on the basis of studying and summarizing materials of methodological works on the use of a foreign language for special purposes and subject-language integrated learning in teaching students of the field of Law, published in scientific journals of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Russian Federation’s list (K1, K2), as well as other scientific sources: monographs and textbooks on legal English.Results and Discussion. The content of teaching law students to compile international legal documents has been developed, including: a) claims and complaints to international organizations; b) bilateral agreements between two states; c) cooperation agreements between a state body of the Russian Federation and a state body of a foreign state; d) statements of claim, claims and petitions in protecting the interests of an organization (or public legal entities) in foreign courts; e) agreements on cooperation between domestic and foreign legal entities; f) purchase and sale and lease agreements with non-residents of foreign countries; g) import contracts.Conclusions. The relevance of the research lies in the content selection of teaching law students to compile international legal documents. The results obtained can be used in the development of curricula and educational materials for an integrated course for law students.

PECULIARITIES OF TEACHING COLORONYMS AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF STUDYING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of teaching coloronyms at different levels of foreign language learning in institutions of higher education. The article notes that color is an important element of nature that affects the result of a person’s perception of the external world. An interpretation of the color terms at the modern stage is provided. The definition of the term “coloronym” is given separately and it is stated that this definition is the most appropriate for conveying the emotional and mental state of a person, his character traits, social and cultural aspects of life. Three groups of coloronyms are studied by meaning: initial, extended and abstract meaning. The article indicates that most color adjectives are represented by nouns that mean food, materials, plants, animals, birds, and natural phenomena. It is noted that learning color vocabulary is not only about recognition; it’s a fun way to learn a language that offers opportunities to practice grammar, expand vocabulary and have meaningful conversations. Particular attention is paid to the peculiarities of learning coloronyms for students with different levels of knowledge of a foreign language. It suggests that students should be introduced to the pronunciation and spelling of the primary colors at an early stage and use visual materials such as color cards, real objects or even presentations to effectively associate the colors with their names. When working with intermediate students, it is necessary to expand their language skills while delving into the subtleties of color perception. At this stage of learning, it necessary to develop roleplaying scenarios that require students to solve problems related to color. At the advanced level students already have a good understanding of color vocabulary and can explore complex concepts related to color. At this stage, thought-provoking activities and discussions are needed that promote students’ critical thinking. The article indicates that when teaching the vocabulary of colors, the teacher must choose the most effective method according to the goals and take into account the level of language proficiency of the students and the tasks set before the students, especially if they are learning a foreign language for special purposes.

Fatigue assessment of suspended inter-array power cables for floating offshore wind turbines

The present paper aims to investigate the fatigue behavior of suspended inter-array power cables connecting two floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs). Two spar FOWTs interconnected with a dynamic power cable are chosen as the base configuration for the present investigation. The base configuration is modeled in the dynamic analysis software OrcaFlex. The relationship between the axial tensions and curvatures of the power cable and its stresses is obtained by cross-section analysis in UFLEX (special purpose Finite Element program for nonlinear stress analysis of complex umbilical and cable cross-sections). Several different environmental conditions and load directions are applied. A fatigue life of 85 years is determined for the base configuration, with curvature-induced stresses being identified as the main contributor to the fatigue damage. Effects of marine growth on the fatigue life of the power cable are investigated. It is observed that marine growth negatively affects the fatigue life of the power cable. A parametric study on the effect of the number of buoys attached to the cable on the fatigue life is performed. Decreasing the number of buoys below the optimal value leads to an increase in fatigue life due to lower curvatures. In addition to the base configuration, an alternative configuration using semi-submersible floaters is investigated under the same metocean conditions and cable geometry. The power cable fatigue life is higher for semi-submersible floaters compared to the spar floaters. The present findings reveal that the main reason is the reduced number of large amplitude curvature cycles. The critical component prone to fatigue failure for all evaluated cases is the armor layer, and the largest fatigue damage always occurs at buoy-cable connection points. The critical direction of environmental load resulting in the highest fatigue damage is found to be the load case where waves, wind and current approach the suspended cable in a crossflow direction.

Fraud risk implications of celebrity SPACs

Purpose The purpose of this study is to extend the Fraud Diamond Theory to celebrity Special Purpose Acquisition Companies (SPACs) and investigate their post-Initial Public Offering (IPO) stock market performance. Design/methodology/approach After obtaining a sample of celebrity SPACs from the Spacresearch.com database, fraud risk characteristics were obtained from Lexis Nexus searches. Buy and hold abnormal returns were calculated for celebrity SPACs versus a small-cap equity benchmark for time intervals after IPO, and multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between fraud risk features and post-IPO returns. Findings Celebrity SPACs exhibit Fraud Diamond characteristics and significantly underperform a small-cap stock portfolio on a risk-adjusted basis after IPO. Research limitations/implications This study only examines celebrity SPACs that conducted IPOs on the NYSE and NASDAQ/AMEX and does not include those that are traded on the Over the Counter Bulletin Board (OTCBB). Practical implications Celebrity endorsement of SPAC vehicles attracts investors who may not be properly informed regarding the risk characteristics of SPACs. Accordingly, investors should be warned that celebrity SPACs underperform a small-cap equity portfolio and exhibit significant elements of fraud risk. Social implications The use of celebrity endorsement as a marketing device to attract investment in SPACs has regulatory implications. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to examine the fraud risk characteristics and post-IPO performance of celebrity SPACs.

Методичні особливості оцінки рівня компетентності експертів у групі при визначенні ефективності ракетно-космічних комплексів

Expert examination methods greatly facilitate the solution of difficult-to-formalize problems. However, in this case the solution is affected by a subjective factor. The decision-making theory has a number of methodological techniques that diminish its effect on the decision made. This paper presents a method of quantitative evaluation of experts’ competence from the results of an expert examination of the efficiency determination of unique, technically complex systems of special and dual purpose, in particular space-rocket complexes. In an expert examination of projects of such systems, it is suggested that the experts’ competence be quantitatively evaluated in two stages: a preliminary evaluation of the experts’ competence from their factual data and a refined evaluation of the experts’ competence just before the calculation of the expected indices of target efficiency using the results of expert examinations made by the procedure developed. The proposed method of quantitative evaluation of experts’ competence is based on evaluating the qualification of the experts involved in the target efficiency determination of a complex engineering system. A rank matrix constructed on the basis of partial criteria of technical efficiency and additional factors of indirect control is proposed as a tool to eliminate cases where at a high level of expert evaluation consistency the most accurate expert evaluations may be considered anomalous in the expert evaluation of the technical and target efficiency of space-rocket systems. The presented mathematical model of quantitative evaluation of experts’ competence includes parameters that adjust the mathematical model to specific conditions of the expert evaluation (expert evaluation methods employed, measurement scales, specific limitations, etc.). The mathematical model is constructed around the axiom that the “true” estimates of the significance of the objects under evaluation lie within the expert evaluation domain. The paper also presents an enlarged algorithm for adjustment parameter calculation from the results of expert estimate preprocessing. The presented mathematical model and algorithm make it possible to develop a computer program for determining experts’ competence from expert evaluation results.

Corporate Medicine 2.0 - Special Purpose Acquisition Companies in the United States.

Corporate Medicine 2.0 - Special Purpose Acquisition Companies in the United States.

Reversible priority encoder in quantum-dot cellular automata

This paper presents a reversible structure for priority encoder. In order to expand the proposed design, the proposed structure is presented based on a modular method. For this purpose, first using the feature of insignificance of least-significant inputs when the value of most-significant input is one in the priority encoder, a special purpose reversible OR gate is introduced. Then, using this gate, we provide a reversible structure for the 4: 2 priority encoder. The proposed structure is designed entirely with reversible OR gates and inverter gates. We design the cell layout of this structure in QCADesigner software. In order to prove the modularity of the proposed design, the structure of 8: 3 reversible priority encoder is designed using 4: 2 reversible priority encoder.

BARRIERS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF UNIVERSITY-BASED SPECIAL PURPOSE VEHICLES

The aim of this article is to identify the barriers to the development of university-based special purpose vehicles (SPVs) in Poland and to identify the recommendations to address these barriers. As a consequence of the research objective formulated in this way, it was decided to use a literature review, analysis of secondary documents, and a case study method. As part of the case study, in-depth interviews were conducted with the SPV manager and its stakeholders. The literature review concerned the constrictions in the development of the cooperation between science and business on the part of both entrepreneurs and scientists, which consequently translates into barriers in the development of units created to commercialise the results of scientific research created in universities and research institutes, including SPVs. On the basis of the collected research material, barriers to SPV development were defined and then grouped according to the type of constraints (systemic, economic, competence, awareness-cultural) and according to the environment they directly affect (SPVs, scientists, entrepreneurs). In response to the barriers to SPVs development, actions have been proposed to overcome them. The originality of the article stems from the development of the issue of the functioning of SPVs, whose role and capabilities are little understood in both academic and business circles.

Multiparty Private Set Intersection Cardinality and Its Applications

We describe a new paradigm for multi-party private set intersection cardinality (PSI-CA) that allows $n$ parties to compute the intersection size of their datasets without revealing any additional information. We explore a variety of instantiations of this paradigm. By operating under the assumption that a particular subset of parties refrains from collusion, our protocols avoid computationally expensive public-key operations and are secure in the presence of a semi-honest adversary. We demonstrate the practicality of our PSI-CA with an implementation. For $n=16$ parties with data-sets of $2^{20}$ items each, our server-aided variant takes 71 seconds. Interestingly, in the server-less setting, the same task takes only 7 seconds. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first `special purpose' implementation of a multi-party PSI-CA from symmetric-key techniques (i.e. an implementation that does not rely on a generic underlying MPC).We study two interesting applications -- heatmap computation and associated rule learning (ARL) -- that can be computed securely using a dot-product as a building block. We analyse the performance of securely computing heatmap and ARL using our protocol and compare that to the state-of-the-art.

An Insight into the Effect of Schiff Base and their d and f Block Metal Complexes on Various Cancer Cell Lines as Anticancer Agents: A Review.

Over the last few decades, an alarming rise in the percentage of individuals with cancer and those with multi-resistant illnesses has forced researchers to explore possibilities for novel therapeutic approaches. Numerous medications currently exist to treat various disorders, and the development of small molecules as anticancer agents has considerable potential. However, the widespread prevalence of resistance to multiple drugs in cancer indicates that it is necessary to discover novel and promising compounds with ideal characteristics that could overcome the multidrug resistance issue. The utilisation of metallo-drugs has served as a productive anticancer chemotherapeutic method, and this approach may be implemented for combating multi-resistant tumours more successfully. Schiff bases have been receiving a lot of attention as a group of compounds due to their adaptable metal chelating abilities, innate biologic properties, and versatility to tweak the structure to optimise it for a specific biological purpose. The biological relevance of Schiff base and related complexes, notably their anticancer effects, has increased in their popularity as bio-inorganic chemistry has progressed. As a result of learning about Schiff bases antitumor efficacy against multiple cancer cell lines and their complexes, researchers are motivated to develop novel, side-effect-free anticancer treatments. According to study reports from the past ten years, we are still seeking a powerful anticancer contender. This study highlights the potential of Schiff bases, a broad class of chemical molecules, as potent anticancer agents. In combination with other anticancer strategies, they enhance the efficacy of treatment by elevating the cytotoxicity of chemotherapy, surmounting drug resistance, and promoting targeted therapy. Schiff bases also cause cancer cell DNA repair, improve immunotherapy, prevent angiogenesis, cause apoptosis, and lessen the side effects of chemotherapy. The present review explores the development of potential Schiff base and their d and f block metal complexes as anticancer agents against various cancer cell lines.