Special Lighting Systems Research Articles

Organic Light Emitting Diodes - Innovative Light Sources

This article is a review of the new light source – organic LEDs having prospects of application in general and special lighting systems. The article describes physical principles of operation of organic LEDs, their advantages and principal differences from conventional non-organic LEDs and other light sources. Also the article devoted to contemporary achievements and prospects of development of this field in the spheres of both general and museum lighting as well as other spheres where properties of organic LEDs as high-quality light sources may be extremely useful.

Improving the intelligent methods of management of processes of enrichment on the basis of visiometrics analysis of the grade of the ore

For the flotation process is effective using of open control loops, which are used as input parameter the ore quality. To determine the quality of ore is carried out on-line analysis of its elemental and mineral composition and structure. The basis of the operational analysis is the measurement of X-ray and visible light. To improve the accuracy of determining ore mineralogical composition, new techniques and facilities have been developed. At the conveyor ore analysis, special lighting systems were tested, using alternating focused and flat light fluxes. Such systems provide highly accurate in-stream measurements of ore properties. A special flatbed facility for optical spectrumbased estimation of fine-crushed ore has been developed, being incorporated into the existing system of ore sampling and analysis. Application of the flatbed facility renders possible a high accuracy of determining ore mineralogical composition. Modern systems for optical spectrum-based estimation of ore grade provide a basis for effective automated control of ore beneficiation processes, based on the principle of advanced ore grade control. The systems implemented at the Erdenet processing plant (Mongolia) contributed to increasing copper and molybdenum recovery.

Optogenetic analyses of neuronal network function and synaptic transmission in Caenorhabditis elegans

The transparent nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, with its anatomically well-defined nervous system comprising 302 neurons that regulate quantifiable behaviors, is an ideal model system for the development and application of optogenetic methods. Optogenetically modified neurons can be acutely excited or inhibited by light and the effects on a distinct behavior observed. Special lighting systems allow the manipulation of several nerve cells that act as “nodes” of small neural circuits, with different colors of light, so as to control different optogenetic tools independently and simultaneously. In addition, genetically encoded optical sensors for neuronal activity make it possible to draw conclusions even when the optogenetic intervention causes no obvious behavioral change. The stimulation of quantifiable behaviors permits the analysis of the function of genes necessary in the corresponding neuron for the encoding or amplification of the primary signal. Finally, following optogenetic stimulation, the function of chemical synapses and their proteins can also be analyzed by electrophysiology or electron microscopy.

A Parallel-Structure Solder Paste Inspection System

In this paper, we present an innovative design of a solder paste inspection system that can be practically integrated into existing solder paste printing machines. Since solder paste inspection systems usually occupy a large vertical space, we designed a mirror box that can redirect the transmission of fringe patterns. In this way, a new parallel-structure solder paste inspection system with a significant reduction in the vertical constraint is developed. We also developed a hybrid weighting algorithm that applies the distance and fringe contrast to acquire the height of solder pastes. Furthermore, we developed an algorithm that generates the 2-D image from the fringe pattern images during the four-step algorithm. It reduces the time required for solder paste inspection compared to traditional approaches that use special lighting systems to create the 2-D image. Based on the results of the height acquisition algorithm, 2-D and 3-D solder paste inspections are performed. Experimental results show that our system can inspect a 20 mm times 20 mm printed circuit board area within 2 s to detect common 2-D and 3-D defects, and the maximum standard deviation for the average height is 3 mum.