Special Case Research Articles

Range of international surgical strategies for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Evaluation of a multi-center survey.

Surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is very complex and modern instrumentation techniques offer multiple possibilities. Despite numerous publications, there is no clear consensus on the optimal strategy for the correction of scoliotic deformities. The goal of this study was to summarize the current surgical strategies for specific AIS cases within various countries. Thirty-two experienced scoliosis surgeons from 15 countries were asked to plan surgeries on 12 representative AIS cases. All AIS cases had an indication for surgery. A questionnaire was provided to document surgical planning. The surgeons were provided with the patients' age and sex, together with radiographs in the lateral and sagittal planes during upright standing and in lateral bending to the left and right, as well as with clinical images. The angles of the main spinal curvatures were specified in the questionnaire. The surgeons were asked to specify their preferred classification system, their surgical approach, the planned fusion length, the type of implants, the rod type, and the resection steps. The data were analyzed with respect to the inter-rater variability, which was quantified using the Fleiss-Kappa Method. There was a good agreement (k = 0.61) between the surgeons in choosing the Lenke curve type, and a moderate agreement for the lumbar (0.41) and sagittal (0.56) modifiers. The most frequently planned resection procedure was complete facetectomy (67%). The posterior approach was the most commonly (91%) selected strategy to treat AIS. Anterior approaches were chosen most for Lenke 5 type with a rate of 20%. The upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) varied most for Lenke 1, 5, and 6 cases, with a vertebral level discrepancy of up to 10 levels at Lenke 6. The lowest instrumented vertebra varied most for Lenke 1 and 4 by up to five levels. Polyaxial screws were chosen most (56%), followed by monoaxial (20%) and uniplanar (19%) screws and hooks (5%). The results highlight the commonalities and discrepancy in the surgical treatment of AIS in between surgeons. The selected LIV and UIV can vary depending on the curve type and surgeon. Hook constructs appear to be generally replaced by transpedicular screws. The survey indicates open questions in the AIS treatment and in the understanding of scoliosis biomechanics.

Optimizing Family Presence through Medical Education.

AbstractMany family members are wary of asking whether they can be present in the intensive care unit (ICU) while patients are receiving care. However, the opportunity to be present can be profoundly beneficial, especially to family members as they approach the grieving process. In the long run, this may decrease emotional complications such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex grief. Family presence may also be profoundly important to patients, who may find comfort in the presence of their loved ones. Optimizing the needs of distressed families remains a controversial topic because it may distract physicians from providing needed medical care. Both parties may benefit maximally, however, through proactive training and early education during medical school, as this article will outline. Family members who may want to visit but are unable to be present in person may also benefit through virtual telehealth visits. Finally, we acknowledge specific cases that may pose ethically difficult dilemmas for ICU providers. Solutions that may be optimal in these situations will be suggested.

장애·비장애학생 그리고 느린학습자의 통합과 소통을 위한 찾아가는 버스킹(퓨전 합창) 사례연구

Objectives This study intended to perform ‘Busking Outreach’ for the integration and communication of students with/without handicaps and slow learners three times and examine the results in a qualitative case study. Methods The choir practiced two hours a week for the first busking on the way to ?? Elementary School from May 7 to June 5, 2023, the second at the plaza, and the third at an institute from October 13 to December 6, 2023. Fourteen people participated in the study, including ten major and subsidiary participants comprising the audience and parents. The experiences and changes in students and the audience were examined using specific cases in a qualitative case study through the ‘Busking Outreach’. Data were collected mainly through in-depth interviews while practicing the ‘Busking Outreach’ through 25 sessions, and participation observations were used as subsidiary data. For the fidelity and validity of the qualitative study, peer review, triangulation, and expert meetings were used. Results First, at the ‘Becoming the Embers of Hope,’ a resting place on the way to school, was a performance stu-dents anticipated, and its effect lingered even after the busking. Encouraged by the first busking, encore busking was held at the plaza and an institute. Second, the Hunt for Treasure Hidden in the Integrated Education was a total disaster due to the disharmony between ‘You’ and ‘I,’ the conflict between students with/without handicaps and slow learners, and the negative responses from parents and the school. At the Hunt for Hidden Jewels, ‘Us,’ the idea of ‘difference’ was incorporated into the study, and ‘Uniqueness ’ became a motive to display the hidden potentials of students with/without handicaps and slow learners. At the Integrated Education to Harmonize Learning into Heart, students broke preconceptions and created a harmonious atmosphere unlike before. The ‘uniqueness’ found in ‘diversity’ helped rebuild the relationship and form friendliness between students without handicaps and became a chance to increase self-esteem by expanding their view of themselves. Third. Writing a Letter through the ‘Busking Outreach,’ the harmony, ‘created by the Fusion Choir and the ‘audience,’ resulted in a virtuous cycle through musical communion and empathy. By delivering the message of music with the language of hands (sign language), it is con-firmed that music can become a stronger medium for communication and empathy than language. The realization of the virtuous cycle of sharing achieved through music lets everyone, including students, parents, and the audience, become’ and enjoy culture and art, bringing more-than-expected outcomes. The New Leap gave a chance to chal-lenge students, parents, and the audience to give wings to their potential in the world of music. At the Educators, the Reason for Their Existence, the difficulties felt while performing busking had positive turns and became a val-uable experience for all, changing the teacher-student relationship to the master-apprentice relationship. Conclusions The Busking Outreach for the integration and communication of students with/without handicaps and slow learners became a chance to make challenges, which gave wings of potential to students, parents, and the audience in the world of music by realizing the virtuous cycle of sharing that achieved integration through music. This study is significant as there were no previous studies on integrated music education, and there have been an increasing number of studies on slow learners recently. This study is deemed to become a base for and play a role in implementing integrated music education.

Structural Analysis and Optimization of Washing Machine Spider, Drum and Shaft

Abstract: This project's thesis centers on identifying diverse loading scenarios and leveraging their outcomes to optimize two components of a washing machine. The initial phase of this report involves generating a numerical model of a washing machine. This encompasses assembling it in a mechanical software program (ANSYS) and defining specific boundary conditions and material properties for the problem. Decisions on simulation parameters, such as mesh size, types of elements, and the number of iterations in the calculations, will also be made. An examination of various loading scenarios is conducted to gain an overall understanding of the problem and select four specific cases for application in reconstructing the target parts (Spider and front cover). This examination involves calculating the worst relative angle between the Spider and the resultant force for two opposing loads inside the drum. The resulting angle is found to be 35º between the arm and the direction of the resultant force. By applying these diverse loading conditions to the model, the mechanical behavior of the parts will be determined, and this information will be utilized in the reconstruction. Mechanical behavior, in this context, refers to understanding the maximum levels of stress (tension, compression, and shear) and deformation (displacement and strain). Once the critical points of stress in the Spider and front cover are identified, various new shapes are created. The reconstruction parameters considered include volume reduction, stress level reduction, and deformation. Two of these shapes are selected and tested in the numerical model as a validation process.

Propagation of CO2 desaturation front in near wellbore region

Understanding the development and propagation of CO2 desaturated front is important for managing the potential of CO2 leakage via injection wells after cessation of CO2 injection. The CO2 desaturation front is the front at which oil becomes fully devoid, referred to as “desaturated”, of CO2. In this research, water injection into an oil reservoir containing CO2 is investigated to understand the effect of CO2 component transfer between brine and oil phases in the near wellbore region, as well as to monitor the development of the CO2 desaturation front. CMG-GEM compositional simulator is used to model the process. A 1D cartesian model, including homogenous properties, is utilised for the modelling. The volume of water needed to be injected to desaturate the oil from the CO2 in the vicinity of the wellbore is determined. Additionally, the velocity of the CO2 desaturation front propagation is calculated, and it is compared with the calculations of the Buckley-Leverett saturation front displacement. The study also examines how different parameters such as salinity, pressure, and temperature affect the velocity of the CO2 desaturation front, as CO2 solubility in water is influenced by these parameters. Results show that while varying the injection water salinity affects the velocity at which the CO2 desaturation front propagates, variation in the initial reservoir temperature and pressure, as well as the formation water salinity, has a minor impact, although they do alter the CO2 solubility and thus the mobilities at the front. The results also indicate that compared to the temperature front, which generally propagates at about one third of the saturation front velocity, the CO2 desaturation front in this specific case study travels at about one tenth of the saturation front velocity, so it takes much longer for the near wellbore region to completely desaturate from CO2. Other sensitivities, such as varying the residual oil saturation, affected the propagation of the CO2 desaturation front. The desaturation front travels at a slower speed at greater residual oil saturations due to the greater mass of immobilised CO2 to be displaced by this mechanism.

Chan, Garden, and Poetry: The Tidal Sounds in the Changshou Monastery Garden of Canton in the Qing Dynasty

The Caodong School (曹洞宗) advocates the integration of Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism (三教會通) and interprets Chan through the I Ching (以易釋禪). During the transition from the Ming to the Qing Dynasty, there was extensive interaction and mobility between the Ming loyalists (遺民) and Chan monks. This accelerated the secularization of monks and promoted the construction of temple gardens, which were expressed and preserved through literary Chan poetry. This study explores the relationship between Buddhist concepts and garden construction through a specific case, the Changshou Monastery Garden (長壽寺花園) in Canton (now Guangzhou) during the Qing Dynasty. This study examines how the Chan master Shilian Dashan 石濂大汕 (1633–1705), who journeyed to Dang Trong (Cochinchina 廣南) to spread Buddhist teachings, shaped the design and layout of the temple garden, reflecting Buddhist ideals and Caodong principles. This study analyzes the changes in landscape at the Changshou Monastery Garden, according to “the sound of tides” (潮音) from a Buddhist perspective. It also reveals how Dashan, as both a monk and a literati, blended Chan and Chinese philosophy in making the garden. The cultural resonance of tides within religious and literati traditions furnishes novel insights and prospects for the development of garden spaces.

Expression of Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract (CAKUT) Candidate Genes EDA2R, PCDH9, and TRAF7 in Normal Human Kidney Development and CAKUT

Approximately half of the cases of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in childhood are caused by congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). Specific genes were identified as having significant importance in regard to the underlying genetic factors responsible for the CAKUT phenotype, and in our research, we focused on analyzing and comparing the expression levels of ectodysplasin A2 receptor (EDA2R), protocadherin9 (PCDH9), and TNF receptor-associated factor 7 (TRAF7) proteins in the cortex and medulla of healthy control kidneys during developmental phases 2, 3, and 4. We also performed an analysis of the area percentages of the mentioned proteins in the cortical and medullary sections of healthy embryonic and fetal kidneys compared to those affected by CAKUT, including duplex kidneys (DK), horseshoe kidneys (HK), hypoplastic kidneys (HYP), and dysplastic kidneys (DYS). We found that the CAKUT candidate gene proteins EDA2R, PCDH9, and TRAF7 are all expressed during normal human kidney development stages. In DYS, the expression of EDA2R was higher than in normal kidneys, likely due to EDA2R’s role in apoptosis, which was upregulated in specific cases and could possibly contribute to the formation of DYS. The expression of PCDH9 was lower in HK, which can be attributed to the possible role of PCDH9 in cell migration suppression. Decreased PCDH9 expression is linked to increased cell migration, potentially contributing to the development of HK. The level of TRAF7 expression was reduced in all examined kidney disorders compared to normal kidneys, suggesting that this reduction might be attributed to the crucial role of TRAF7 in the formation of endothelium and ciliogenesis, both of which are essential for normal kidney development. Further research is required to ascertain the function of these proteins in both the typical development of the kidney and in CAKUT.

Pattern transitions in diary data of MDD patients: a mixed-methods multiple case study of psychotherapy dynamics

AimMixed-methods approaches promise a deep understanding of psychotherapeutic processes. This study uses qualitative and quantitative data from daily diary entries and daily self-assessments during inpatient treatment. The aim of the study is to get an insight into the similarities and differences between both types of data and how they represent self-organized pattern transitions in psychotherapy. While a complete correlation of results is not expected, we anticipate observing amplifying and subsidiary patterns from both perspectives.Materials and methodsDaily, five MDD patients wrote diaries and completed self-assessments using the Therapy Process Questionnaire, a questionnaire for monitoring the change dynamics of psychotherapy. The data were collected using the Synergetic Navigation System, an online tool for real-time monitoring. Diary entries of the patients described their experiences in everyday life. The qualitative text analysis was conducted using Mixed Grounded Theory, which provided categories representing the patients’ ongoing experiences of transformation and stagnation. The time series data was analyzed using the dynamic complexity algorithm and the pattern transition detection algorithm. Results from qualitative and quantitative analyses were combined and compared. Following the process of data triangulation, the leading perspective came from the theory of self-organization. In addition to presenting the overall results for all five patients, we delve into two specific case examples in greater detail.ResultsSpecific and highly diversified diary entries of 5 patients were classified into the categories of perceived pattern stability, noticing improvement, broadening the perspective, critical instability, and experiencing moments of Kairos. Patients reported problems not only related to their disorder (e.g., lack of energy and hopelessness) but also to phases and steps of change, which could be related to the theory of self-organization (e.g., problem attractors, critical fluctuations, pattern transitions, and Kairos). Qualitative and quantitative analysis provide important supplementary results without being redundant or identical.ConclusionData triangulation allows for a comprehensive and multi-perspective understanding of therapeutic change dynamics. The different topics expressed in the diary entries especially help to follow micro-psychological processes, which are far from being a simple reaction to interventions. The way patients experience themselves being in stability or instability and stagnation or transformation is surprisingly close to the general features of self-organizing processes in complex systems.

Психологическая помощь лицам в стадии острой травмы (на материале работы с жертвами террористического акта в «Крокус Сити Холле»)

<p>The paper presents a description of methods and techniques for providing psychological assistance to people in the acute stage of trauma, using specific cases of psychological counseling of clients in the days following a terrorist attack at Crocus City Hall as an example. The main research objectives were to identify characteristic signs of acute trauma and propose possible ways to provide psychological support for adults, children, and adolescents. The article analyzes domestic and international literature on the psychological consequences of terrorist attacks, considering the main mental disorders and symptoms associated with the trauma of being a witness, as well as methods and techniques for working with individuals who have experienced mental trauma. Five specific cases of people seeking psychological help are described in the article. Based on personal experience, the authors suggest a possible algorithm for dealing with trauma in witnesses and describe some effective techniques: eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), breathing exercises, and imagotherapeutic techniques using a metaphor (“Resource (safe) place”, as well as techniques aimed at muscle relaxation and self-regulation.</p>

Hardware Compression Method for On-Chip and Interprocessor Networks with Wide Channels and Wormhole Flow Control Policy

Increasing the number of processing cores is currently a common way to boost processor performance. However, the load on the memory subsystem consequently increases as the number of its agents grows. Hardware data compression is an unconventional approach to improving memory subsystem performance by reducing, firstly, the main memory access rate by increasing the cache capacity and, secondly, data traffic by packing the data more densely. The paper describes the implementation of hardware data compression in the on-chip network and interprocessor links of a configuration with wide data transmission channels and a wormhole flow control policy. The existing solutions cannot be applied to such configurations because they are essentially based on using narrow data channels and flow control policies implying uninterrupted packet transmission, which is not maintained with the wormhole flow control. The method proposed in this paper enables the use of hardware compression in the aforementioned configuration by moving data compression and decompression from networks to the connected devices, as well as by using a number of optimizations to hide the data processing delays. Optimizations of some specific cases, such as the transmission of large data packets with several cache lines or the transmission of zero data, are considered. Special attention is given to data transmission via interprocessor links, where, due to their lower bandwidth compared to the on-chip network, data compression can be the most beneficial. The increase in memory subsystem bandwidth from using hardware data compression was confirmed in the experiments showing the relative IPC increase in SPEC CPU2017 benchmarks up to 14 percent.

‘Something Mythic’: The power of shared stories in Kamila Shamsie’s Home Fire

Abstract Kamila Shamsie’s (2017) novel Home Fire draws on Sophocles’ Antigone for its plot, but neither requires familiarity with, nor explicitly references, the tragedy. This article attempts to build a specific case for the effects of attending to the intertext by focusing on Shamsie’s complex treatment of Antigone’s punishment and its consequences in Sophocles. Reading the novel’s denouement in conversation with that of the tragedy suggests questions about higher authority and checks on political power in the world of the novel. I argue that shared stories in the novel exert a force analogous to that of Sophocles’ gods in that they authorize moral judgments; attention to the intertext enacts the same experience for readers of the novel that shared stories do for characters within the novel.

Prostate Surgery for Benign Prostatic Syndrome >200 ml: Endoscopic, Robotic, or Open Approach

Surgical approaches for benign prostatic hyperplasia have evolved and diversified over the past decades. While numerous studies document the efficacy of surgical procedures for moderate prostate sizes, there remains insufficient data for large prostate volumes >200 ml, leaving important questions unanswered regarding their effectiveness and safety. Consequently, selecting and adapting suitable therapeutic options for this specific patient group often poses a significant challenge. In this context, this review comprehensively summarizes and discusses current insights into surgical treatment options for large prostate volumes (>200 ml) following an extensive literature review.In summary, the surgical treatment of prostate volumes >200 ml is a challenge regardless of the chosen surgical method. Minimally invasive approaches should be considered standard practice today. Anatomical endoscopic enucleation of the prostate is a size-independent method and has the lowest morbidity. As it may be performed in spinal anaesthesia, endoscopic enucleation is feasible in patients with an increased anaesthetic risk. In extremely large prostate glands, the procedure poses challenges even for highly experienced surgeons. Especially in obese patients, the surgeon should be familiar with different exit strategies. Robot-assisted simple prostatectomy provides a minimally invasive alternative that may also treat pathologies such as diverticula or large bladder stones in the same surgical session. Due to its transabdominal approach, the morbidity and anaesthetic risk is comparatively higher. Each centre and surgeon should individually decide in which method they have the greatest expertise and which option is best suited for the specific case. In cases of limited expertise, it is advisable to refer patients to a centre with appropriate specialization.

From the Perspective of Resource Dependence, Why Do Micro-social Work Organizations Emerge from the Circle?

The diversity of social problems and people's demand for social public services are gradually showing a diversified trend, which raises people's expectations for social work. The traditional model of social work organizations can no longer adapt to the development of social work in the new social form. This paper discusses the development of social work organizations from the perspective of resource dependence. Through in-depth analysis of organizations of the same scale based on specific cases, it can be found that stable social resources are crucial to the survival of social work organizations, and resource diversification can promote the sustainable development of organizations. Therefore, social work organizations need to promote the diversification of social resources and reduce their one-way dependence on government departments. Increase autonomy.

Analysis of Innovative Methods of Interactive Film and Television Art in Traditional Story Narration

This article aims to explore how interactive film and television art can influence traditional storytelling through innovative methods. By analyzing the characteristics of interactive film and television art, comparing it with traditional narrative, and specific innovative practice cases, this article reveals the potential of interactive film and television art in enhancing audience participation, expanding narrative structure, and enhancing emotional resonance.

Identifying critical components for railways rolling stock reliability: a case study for Iran.

Electrical railways constitute a vital component of transportation infrastructure worldwide, with rolling stock representing a key element of these systems. Given the extensive operational hours of such systems, effective maintenance scheduling and asset management are imperative to ensure reliability and safety while mitigating costs. This paper addresses the challenge of optimizing maintenance practices for railway rolling stock by introducing a novel implementation of reliability-centered maintenance (RCM) grounded in the reliability block diagram (RBD) framework. This methodology meticulously incorporates reliability parameters into maintenance strategies, aiming to enhance the operational efficiency of railway systems. Leveraging the criticality index, the study identifies components crucial for train reliability, facilitating cost-effective maintenance management. The proposed approach is applied and validated on the Tabriz line 1 metro in Iran, a system with over six years of operational history. Analysis reveals the bogie subsystem's criticality due to its interconnected components, with parts exhibiting significant mean time to repair (MTTR). Conversely, the brake system emerges as the most reliable subsystem. Additionally, sensitivity analysis demonstrates an inverse relationship between repair rates and component sensitivity, highlighting the pivotal role of efficient repair processes in bolstering system reliability. This research contributes a comprehensive and validated methodology for RCM in railway rolling stock, emphasizing cost reduction, system reliability, and strategic prioritization of maintenance efforts. As the approached method in this research is not limited to the specific case study and can be applied in any system by generating the RBD and reliability parameters of the system we want to study The findings hold significant implications for the global planning and execution of railway maintenance operations, setting a new standard for reliability-centered maintenance practices in the field.

The Plurality of Economic Classifications

The standard strategy involves evaluating whether economic classifications meet criteria derived from a general theory of natural kinds. The first objective of this article is to show the implementation of this strategy by various relevant authors. We argue that the standard strategy has failed due to its lack of a greater sensitivity to the role played by human interests in the design of different types of natural kinds. The second objective is to outline a new strategy for investigating economic classifications. Our departure from the standard strategy can be described as a shift from assessing economic classifications based on general theories of natural kinds to examining specific cases with the aim of theorizing about their design and application. The cases of the cost-of-living index and race are used to succinctly discuss the objectivity of economic classifications and implications for the relationship between science and democracy.

How Attitudes on Gender Identity, Sexuality, and Core Populist Radical Right Values Combine in Diverging Ideological Constellations Among Populist Radical Right-Inclined Voters

This article addresses three caveats in populist radical right (PRR) voter studies focusing on gender and sexuality: omission of potential voters, representing gender and sexuality as one undifferentiated category, and issue-specific rather than comparative analysis. We use a theory-grounded latent class analysis, based on the Dutch Parliamentary Election Study (2021), to identify voter profiles in terms of how nativism, populism, and gender identity and sexuality attitudes combine differently among citizens who are inclined to vote populist radical right. Empirically, we find distinct profiles in terms of populism, nativism and gender identity and sexuality attitudes: a small minority of gender-and-sexuality-conservatives and larger classes of more modern and moderate potential populist radical right voters; but all clearly nativist. Abstracting from the specific case of the Netherlands, we provide typological descriptions of populist radical right voters that are likely also relevant in other countries.

Characteristics of Sizing Materials Used in Persian Medieval Manuscripts: Physical, Optical, Spectral Imaging, and Fungicidal Properties

ABSTRACT In this study, we investigated the diverse range of materials used for sizing in Iranian paper manuscripts during the Timurid (fifteenth century) to Safavid (sixteenth century) and Qajar (nineteenth century) periods. Our approach combined historical analysis with scientific examination of reconstructed sizings. We reconstructed 15 sizing materials based on identified Persian historical recipes and analysed their physical, optical, and spectral characteristics. Additionally, we assessed their behaviour against the mould fungus Aspergillus flavus. The results revealed distinctive properties for each sizing material, shedding light on their potential applications in paper preservation. Furthermore, our investigation demonstrated variations in hygroscopicity, thickness, grammage, and ash content post-sizing. The sizing materials also exhibited different effects on paper reflectance properties. Additionally, our study revealed insights into the impact of sizing on burnished papers, indicating that the mechanical process of burnishing did not significantly alter the chemical composition or spectral properties of the paper, with only minor changes in brightness observed in specific cases. All tested sizing materials supported varying levels of mould growth, indicating potential implications for paper conservation. Our findings provide valuable insights into the historical practices of Iranian paper sizing and offer practical considerations for the preservation of paper manuscripts.

Streamlining IoT-driven Data Using Blockchain

The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology has revolutionized data collection and analytics, creating vast networks of interconnected devices generating large volumes of data. However, this rapid expansion of IoT ecosystems introduces significant challenges related to data security, integrity, scalability, and privacy. Blockchain technology, with its decentralized and immutable nature, emerges as a compelling solution to address these challenges. This paper explores the synergy between IoT and blockchain, examining how blockchain can streamline IoT-driven data by providing secure data exchanges, enhancing transparency, and facilitating scalability. The study investigates the key mechanisms through which blockchain can mitigate common IoT data issues. It considers blockchain's role in ensuring data integrity by utilizing cryptographic methods, enabling traceability through distributed ledgers, and protecting against unauthorized data manipulation. Furthermore, it explores the potential of blockchain-based smart contracts to automate processes and improve interoperability among IoT devices. The paper delves into specific use cases, such as smart cities, demonstrating how blockchain can effectively streamline IoT data across various industries. The findings highlight that while blockchain offers substantial benefits, it also introduces unique challenges, including high energy consumption, latency concerns, and complex integration processes. This concludes with a discussion of Security concerns, Comparison with existing solutions. By addressing these challenges, blockchain can become a pivotal technology in streamlining IoT-driven data, paving the way for more secure, efficient, and trustworthy IoT ecosystems.

A Comparison of the Specific Facial Trauma Cases at the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Gdansk, Poland, from March 2019 to August 2023

A Comparison of the Specific Facial Trauma Cases at the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Gdansk, Poland, from March 2019 to August 2023