Special Appliances Research Articles

Voltage RMS Estimation during a Fraction of the AC Period.

The increasingly widespread occurrences of fast-changing loads, as in, for example, the charging of electrical vehicles and the stochastic output of PV generating facilities, are causing imbalances between generated and consumed power flows. The deviations in voltage cause noteworthy technical problems. The tap-changers in today’s transformers are slow-reacting and thus cannot effectively correct the imbalance. Tap-changers should be replaced by special appliances, installed in distribution lines, that can effectively estimate voltage RMS and refine imbalances during a fraction of the AC period, preferably less than half. This article suggests specially developed methods for RMS assessment based on approximating instantaneous voltage magnitudes using harmonics and correcting coefficients.

Heating appliance used to study vibration strength of the structures at a temperature near 1300 °C

Studying the vibration strength of various structures, parts and load-bearing elements used in aviation engineering, oil-and-gas and metallurgical industry at elevated temperatures suggests using of special heating appliances. We present the heating appliance developed to study the vibration strength of the structures used as part of vibration stands capable of sustaining the temperature mode close to 1300°C during long periods of time. A framed structure of the heating appliance is presented, having neither bottom, side or end walls nor cover, all of them substituted with a roll heat-retaining material. The frame design of the heating appliance provides for rather quick manufacture of a frame of the desired dimensions. The use of heat-retaining material makes it possible to remove temperature sensors from the heating appliance, as well as pipelines for conducting gas-dynamic studies. The analysis of frequently used heat-resistant alloys (superalloys) is carried out. A wire made of Kh23Yu5T-N alloy was used as a material for heating elements to maintain the desired temperature conditions. The design, shape, mode of fixing the heating elements in the heating device, as well as the method of connection to the power supply and measuring systems are proposed. The results of experimental study are presented to confirm the long-term operability of the appliance with heating elements made of the wire 6 and 7 mm in diameter at a temperature up to 1300°C. The results obtained revealed the necessity of replacing the heating elements after each long-term high-temperature exposure. The proposed designs and material of the heating elements provide the possibility of their rapid manufacture and replacement. It should be noted that all the components of the heating device are economically efficient. The developed heating appliance was used in studying the strength of various structures under the effect of vibration and gas-dynamic loads at temperatures close to 1300°C.

The Craft of Dentist in the Art of Sports

Sports is an integral part of life and has become a career option for many. This article is based on the injuries that are both soft and hard tissue injuries encountered in sports and studies on the incidence of orofacial injuries by various authors, their prevention and protection with the use of special appliances. Immediate and long treatment of dental injuries and their rehabilitation. This article also talks about the current guidelines to practice as a Sports dentist. The data is collected from PubMed, ResearchGate, International journal of physical education, sports and health, European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, International Dental Journal, academyforsportsdentistry.org.

Developing Smart Home Applications

This paper utilizes an IoT platform called IoTtalk to shape “intelligence” into a house to make it a smart home. The developed project is called HomeTalk that serves as a platform to accommodate various smart applications in a house. We describe the following HomeTalk applications. The PlantTalk application takes care of house plants. The FishTalk application provides fish comfortable life in the fish tank at home. The BreathTalk application detects the number of people in a room, which also purifies the air. The TheaterTalk application uses home and special appliances to create the effects for a 4D experience theater at home. The FrameTalk application allows a painting frame to interact with people in a house. The GardenTalk application provides smart gardening. By examining these projects, this paper explicitly identifies and generalizes the features of HomeTalk that provides flexibility to reuse these IoT devices by sharing them among various smart home applications simultaneously. Specifically, we show how these applications share the sensors and actuators in the house. In the future, we will integrate them through an award winning project called Orchid House.

New Approach for Industrial Training Using Virtual Reality Technology

This paper presents two case studies achieved within industrial cooperation projects between the University of Applied Sciences Karlsruhe and German manufacturers for special appliances. The aim of the case studies is development and implementation of training applications for the use and the handling of special vehicle using the virtual reality technology. Based on the experiences gathered during these cooperation projects the challenges that face the VR introduction in the industrial area is outlined in this paper. Furthermore, a best practice approach on how to transfer CAD to VR data to implement industrial VR application is presented in this contribution.

Effect of combined microwave, hot air, and vacuum treatments on cooking characteristics of rice

AbstractInstant rice is a precooked and dried, whole grain rice kernel, which can be prepared relatively in a very short period by adding boiled water. Precooking method employed plays a major role in lowering the cooking time while maintaining the quality of the product. The rice kernels were pretreated and then were subjected to convective hot air at temperature 70°C for 90 min. The combination of microwave, hot air, and vacuum was also used in processing the rice kernels. Microwave power of 200 W for 2 min along with hot air at 70°C for 90 min was used with vacuum of 400 mmHg for 2 min. The study found that the internal porous structure of the instant rice plays a crucial role in determining the physical characteristics like weight gain percent, hardness, and springiness. Based on weight gain percent, texture analysis, DSC, and SEM it was found that the combination of microwave (200 W for 2 min), hot air (70°C for 90 min), and vacuum of 400 mmHg was the optimal processing condition for making instant rice that takes 2 min to cook.Practical applicationsInstant rice has a very short reconstitution time; hence, for convenience of preparation of the cooked rice within 2 min the instant rice is of immense value for those situated in very high altitudes, especially army personnel and also for the western countries. The study of the variation in the microstructure of the instant rice explains the mechanism of faster cooking. The preparation of instant rice requires no special cooking appliances and cooked rice matches with that of conventionally cooked rice. This data will also be very helpful for ready‐to‐eat food industries.

Operating flow of live operation of transmission line with series of special tools

In view of the current characteristics of live operation of transmission lines and the problems of the use of series of special appliances without stipulations, etc. In this paper, the operation flow of live operation of transmission line using a series of special tools is presented.This article elaborates the operation process from seven aspects: scope of application, operation method, labor combination, operation process, safety measures, dangerous points, control measures and necessary tools.It solves a series of problems in carrying out live operation of transmission lines with a series of special tools.

Cost and Revenue Relationship in Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Patients in Relation to Body Mass Index

Growing numbers of patients in orthopaedic and trauma surgery are obese. The risks involved are e.g. surgical complications, higher costs for longer hospital stays or special operating tables. It is a moot point whether revenues in the German DRG system cover the individual costs in relation to patients' body mass index (BMI) and in which area of hospital care potentially higher costs occur. Data related to BMI, individual costs and revenues were extracted from the hospital information system for 13,833 patients of a large hospital who were operated in 2007 to 2010 on their upper or lower extremities. We analysed differences in cost revenue relations dependent on patients' BMI and surgical site, and differences in the distribution of hospital cost areas in relation to patients' BMI by t and U tests. Individual costs of morbidly obese (BMI ≥ 40) and underweight patients (BMI < 18.5) significantly (p < 0.05) exceeded individual DRG revenues. Significantly higher cost revenue relations were detected for all operations on the lower and upper extremities except for ankle joint surgeries in which arthroscopical procedures predominate. Most of the incremental costs resulted from higher spending for nursing care, medication and special appliances. Costs for doctors and medical ancillary staff did not increase in relation to patients' BMI. To avoid BMI related patient discrimination, supplementary fees to cover extra costs for morbidly obese or underweight patients with upper or lower extremities operations should raise DRG revenues. Moreover, hospitals should be organisationally prepared for these patients.

Space Maintenance with an Innovative “Tube and Loop” Space Maintainer (Nikhil Appliance)

ABSTRACTDespite the best efforts in prevention, premature loss of primary teeth continues to be a common problem in pediatric dentistry, resulting in disruption of arch integrity and adversely affecting the proper alignment of permanent successors. Space maintainers (SMs) are special appliances used for maintaining space created due to premature loss of primary teeth. Band and loop SM is mostly indicated for the premature loss of single primary molar, but this appliance has a number of limitations both for operators and for patients. Presented in this article is an innovative “Tube and Loop” SM (Nikhil appliance) which offers several advantages over the conventional band and loop SM. It is not only easy and quick to fabricate but can also be completed in a single sitting and cumbersome steps like impression making and laboratory procedures namely soldering are eliminated.How to cite this article: Srivastava N, Grover J, Panthri P. Space Maintenance with an Innovative “Tube and Loop” Space Maintainer (Nikhil Appliance). Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016;9(1):86-89.

Investigation of the Use of Biogas in a Gas Hob

The production of biogas from household and farm wastes is gaining in popularity, also with well-off users seeking to reduce their environmental impact or responding to rising energy prices and supply threats. Such users often own standard household gas appliances. Special biogas appliances are typically required because biogas has a low methane content compared to natural gas. It was hypothesized that unless modified, a standard gas hob could not operate on a gas that had the same composition as biogas. A standard gas hob was tested with a range of synthesized gas mixtures that represented biogas, as well as various levels of upgraded biogas. The tests consisted of measuring the time taken to heat one litre of water to 50 °C under various conditions in order to determine flame power and hob thermal efficiency, as well as determining the lowest methane composition required for ignition. The experimental work produced two main findings. The first was that increasing the injector size increased the heating rate of water and stove efficiency, and allowed for the ignition of a lower quality gas. Secondly, it was shown that upgraded biogas also improved the water heating rate and efficiency, and that a methane content of 80 % was considered a sufficient level of biogas upgrading in order to be compatible with a standard hob. It was thus shown that a standard gas hob could be modified in order to run on biogas, or that the biogas could be upgraded for use in an unmodified hob.

Пластичність морфогенезу та особливості репродукції рослин Colobanthus quitensis і Deschampsia antarctica в Антарктичному регіоні

&nbsp;The anatomic structure of reproductive organs of two endemic species of plants of Antarctic region (Deschampsia antarctica and Colobanthus quitensis) were investigated. Structural and functional features of organization of reproductive organs of both species were revealed. This features contribute to adaptation of plants to low temperature action. Some of them are ephemerality and intensity of reproduction, cleistogamy, special anatomy appliances of perianth and germ, three-cell type of pollen grains.

Individual Vitality Pattern of in situ Dental Biofilms at Different Locations in the Oral Cavity

The aim of the study was to examine the three-dimensional vitality structure of dental biofilms grown simultaneously at different locations in the oral cavity over a 48-hour period. Eight healthy volunteers wore special acrylic appliances. On each buccal side of the upper and the lower jaw three glass slabs were inserted, allowing for growth of a biofilm mimicking approximal plaque. After 48 h, the specimens were removed and biofilms were stained using two fluorescent dyes which selectively stain vital bacteria green and dead bacteria red. Under the confocal laser scanning microscope optical sections of 1 µm throughout the biofilm were made. To assess the vitality values (proportion of vital bacteria) of the whole biofilm as well as the vitality distribution in the different plaque sections an image analysis program was used. Plaque from the different locations revealed mean vitality values between 64.4 and 75.7% in the upper jaw and between 64.3 and 76.8% in the lower jaw, which were not statistically different. However, a great variation of the vitality values for the different layers and among the 8 subjects was found. Nevertheless, the analysis of the data of each single volunteer revealed a very similar vitality pattern in all twelve locations.

Electrical impedance ? a new parameter for oral mucosal irritation tests

The potential for dental materials to irritate human oral mucosal membranes was assessed by an electrical impedance technique. A small electrode at the site of irritation on the inside of the cheek and a large electrode on the outside of the cheek were used. Skin impedance was reduced by inundation with ECG-gel. An irritation index was formed by calculating the quotient between the impedance absolute value at 20 kHz and the impedance value at 1 MHz. Electrical impedance technology was found to be more sensitive than traditional visual registration of mucosal reactions. Two series of experiments were performed in which special appliances were constructed to ensure duplicate measurements on the small area of exposed buccal mucosa. Liquid samples elicited differentiated fast response, which was insignificantly influenced by mechanical factors. The mechanical irritation induced by merely the shape of a solid specimen prevents detection of slight mucosal irritation from potentially leaking substances.

Vestibularisdiagnostik mit schwellennahem thermischem Reiz

Heathy subjects already show an obvious nystagmus, if the stimulation by rinsing water diverges 0.2–0.4° C from the temperature of the external auditory canal, measured near the tympanic membrane. Each vestibular organ has two borders of caloric sensitivity. Disturbed vestibular systems show diveric positions of the borders on the two ears, the characteristic combinations of which serve as diagnostic information. The method requires the use of special appliances, producing the exact temperature of the rinsing water. This appliance also allows better results in the usual caloric vestibular examination if stimulating temperature does not exceed 39° C respectively 35° C.

Requirements of articulators for lateral movements

The effect that the different location of the guides in the articulator has on the cusp inclines of the posterior teeth has been studied by means of special appliances constructed for this purpose.

Tendon Transfers to Restore Function of Hands in Tetraplegia, Especially after Fracture-Dislocation of the Sixth Cervical Vertebra on the Seventh

The number of surviving patients with tetraplegia following trauma is increasing. Many of these patients are injured between time sixth and the seventh cervical vertebra. These patients have on one side, and often on both, the following muscles functioning below the level of the elbow: extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, brachioradialis, flexor carpi radialis, and pronator teres. By two-stage surgical transfer of tendons in each upper extremity, active extension and flexion of all digits, the correction of clawing, and opposition of the thumb can be accomplished. These tendon transfers utilize time function of automatic motion of the fingers that accompanies movement of the wrist. Arthrodesis of the wrist rarely, if ever, should be done in patients who have tetraplegia. Patients in whom such tendon transfers are done regain the function of hooking, light pinching, and grasping. They are able to discard special hand appliances and become more independent.

Manufacture of Radio Equipment in India

THE August issue of the Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research published in Delhi contains an article by S. P. Chakravarti entitled “Manufacture of Wireless Apparatus in India”. The growth of radio in India began in 1926, when two low-power broadcasting stations were set up in Bombay and Calcutta. In the following seven years radio telegraph and telephone beam stations were installed linking India with Great Britain and later with Japan. Since 1936, a broadcasting service has been operated on progressive lines under a separate department known as All India Radio. In spite of these developments, however, the production in India of radio equipment, including broadcasting receivers, prior to the outbreak of war in 1939, was confined to the assembly of sets from imported parts and components. In the following years these imports became increasingly difficult to obtain, and many firms had to abandon the manufacture of radio sets. In 1942, a systematic examination of the manufacturing position was carried out by the Government of India in connexion with the development of military radio sets. Investigations leading to the development of certain components from materials available in India have since been carried out under the auspices of the Radio Research Committee of the Board of Scientific and Industrial Research. It is now known that sufficient facilities for the manufacture of all components except valves exist in India, and that the organisations-some twenty in number-possessing manufacturing facilities are in urgent need of special basic materials and appliances.

Modern Tools and Methods Used in Servicing Sound Equipment&lt;!--&lt;xref ref-type="other" rid="fn1-10.5594_J14758"&gt;*&lt;/xref&gt;--&gt;

The quality of reproduction of sound in a theater must be good at all times, and sound outages must be kept to a minimum. This can be accomplished only by having the equipment checked carefully and periodically by engineers specially qualified and equipped for such work. Certain parts of sound equipment are subject to wear. The parts most likely to fail are carefully inspected for danger signs by the engineer on each of his visits. Other parts, critical in adjustment, are readjusted on each visit to maintain the quality of sound at the high standard set by the manufacturer and demanded by the public. — RCA Photophone, Inc., has devised special appliances and tools to facilitate the adjustment of sound reproducing equipment. This paper describes the special test reel and methods used to maintain the sound quality at the required high standards.

Special appliances for individual cases

Special appliances for individual cases

PHYSICAL STANDARDS FOR DRIVERS OF MOTOR VEHICLES

To the Editor: —InThe Journal, Dec. 27, 1924, there was a report of the committee on physical standards for drivers of motor vehicles. In this report the committee lays stress on the standardization of physical requirements for licensees. May I suggest that we be not too arbitrary in this matter, as it will work a great hardship on many physically handicapped who, despite the handicap, are nevertheless qualified to drive an automobile? Our experience with the disabled in war and in industry has shown us that, despite the great mutilating disabilities when amputation of one member and sometimes two members exists, the individual by special appliances is able to drive an automobile. Although we do not advise such a person to follow an occupation of this sort, it may be the means, on several occasions, of his holding down the job where before he could not. It may be