Spearman-Brown Correlation Research Articles

A Study to Assess the Perceived Image of Nursing Profession and Influencing Factors among B.sc Nursing Students of Kamrup (Metro), Assam

Student nurses are the future of our nursing profession. If we mold them in a good way and educate them regarding all the aspect of nursing profession it will help to uplift our profession and it will also help the upcoming nurse to adopt a positive attitude regarding their profession. The objectives of the study is to to assess the perceived image of nursing profession among B.Sc Nursing student of Kamrup (Metro) Assam.To identify the influencing factors for enrollment to nursing programme at selected nursing colleges of KAMRUP (Metro), Assam.To find out association between perceived image of B.Sc nursing profession and selected demographic variables.To identify correlation between perceived images of B.Sc nursing students and influencing factors for enrollment in nursing program of KAMRUP (Metro), Assam. The research approach and design adopted for this study was quantitative research approach and descriptive research design. Convenience sampling technique was used to select two nursing colleges from Kamrup (Metro), Assam and to collect data from 80 students from selected nursing colleges of Kamrup (Metro), Assam. The data collection instruments consisted of three sections which were: Part I included questions related to socio demographic Performa, Part II included Self structured 5 point rating scale will be used to assess perceived image related to nursing profession. Part III included Self structured 5 point rating scale to assess the Factors influencing the nursing image as a profession among nursing students. . The data findings shows that majority of the participants 61(76.2%) are belonged to the age group of 22-23 years .Regarding gender that female 61(76.2%) are more enrolling into nursing profession than male 19(23.8%).Regarding Religion majority are from Hindu religion 31(38.8%) and from Muslim religion 27(33.8%) and from Christian religion 22(27.4%).Majority 67(83.8%) of participants reasons for enrolling into nursing profession were desire to serve humanity and 13(16.2%) of participants for were Availability of work. Regarding parents income maximum 49(61.3%) of participants parents source of income were father, 21(26.2%) of participants parents source of income were mother and 10(12.5%) of participants parents source of income were both father and mother. Majority 42(52.6%) of participants monthly income of family were 40000-60000, 33(41.2%) of participants were 20000-40000, and 5(6.2%) of participants monthly income of family were 60000-80000.Maximum 54(67.5%) of participants had no known person who is in nursing profession and 26(32.5%) of participants had known person who is in nursing profession. 11( 13.8%) of participants family members were in nursing profession, 10(12.5%) of participants relatives were in nursing profession and 5(67.2%) of participants friends were in nursing profession. Majority 45(56.2%) of participants were residing in rural area and 35(43.8%) of participants were residing in urban area. The overall perceived image score shows that the 50(62.5%) have positive perceived image regarding nursing profession and 30(37.5%) has uncertain perceived image and there is no negative perceived image of nursing profession among B.Sc nursing 4th year student of selected colleges. The influencing factors score revealed that majority 48(60%) of participants had moderately influencing factors and 32(40%) of participants had greatly influencing factors for enrollment to nursing program among B.Sc Nursing student. The association between perceived image of B.Sc nursing profession among B.Sc Nursing student and selected demographic variables which was tested by using chi-square test. The chi square values showed that age, gender, religion and monthly income of the family were found statistically significant association at p<0.05 level with perceived image of B.Sc nursing profession. The correlation between perceived images of B.Sc nursing students and influencing factors for enrollment in nursing program among B.Sc Nursing student which was tested by using spearman brown correlation with obtained (r=0.854, p=0.001) indicates good positive correlation between perceived images of B.Sc nursing students and influencing factors for enrollment in nursing program among B.Sc Nursing student was found to be statistically significant at p<0.05 level of significance.

Age and Psychological Well-being as Predictors of Male Child Parenting among Married Adults

Age is a critical factor in parenting, as parenting styles and attitudes can vary significantly across different age groups. Psychological well-being encompasses an individual's emotional health, life satisfaction, and overall mental state. The study examined age and psychological well-being as predictors of Male Child Parenting among married adults in Kwara State. A descriptive survey was used. The study was conducted on 384 married adults in Kwara Central Senatorial District, Kwara State, using a self-designed questionnaire called "Age and Psychological Wellbeing as Predictors of Male Child Parenting Questionnaire (APWDMCPQ). The questionnaire was validated by experts and its reliability was established through pilot testing using the Split-half method. The results were correlated using Spearman-Brown Correlation Coefficient Statistics (PBCCS) with a reliability index of 0.76. The study used mean and standard deviation to present answers to research questions, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistics to test hypotheses at a 0.05 level of significance. The study show that there is a significant effect of age on male child parenting (F.cal.=25.60, p.<0.05). The study found that there is no significant effect of psychological well-being on male child parenting (F.cal.=3.34, p.>0.05). The study found that age significantly impacts male-child parenting, but parental psychological well-being doesn't significantly affect it. It recommended that married adults aged 25-35 and 36-45 should seek counselling to develop appropriate parenting skills. Additionally, they should be educated on coping mechanisms to withstand the pressure of parenting male children, improving their psychological well-being and enabling effective male child parenting.

A scale development study on the perception of the sustainable urban environment

AbstractIn order to assess sustainability, it is necessary to monitor social conditions on environmental, global, national and urban scales. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop a scale to determine PSUE. In addition, it is also examined whether there is a significant difference between the components that determine the perception of sustainable urban environment according to the characteristics of the participants. For this purpose, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Spearman–Brown correlation test, Cronbach alpha test, Mann–Whitney test and Kruskal–Wallis test are implemented. According to the findings acquired, it has been detected that the components that determine PSUE are “spatial strategies related to sustainable environment and transportation”, “spatial strategies related to ecological sustainability and solid waste management” and “spatial strategies related to social and economic sustainability” respectively. In this study, differences have been identified in the perspectives on social and economic sustainability strategies according to gender. However, participant’s viewpoints regarding strategies related to sustainable environment and transportation, as well as ecological sustainability and solid waste management, are similar. Additionally, significant differences exist in social and economic sustainability strategies based on the age of the participants. The urban or rural character of the settlement where the students families live or grew up influences their perspectives on strategies based on social sustainability and economic relations.

Investigation of The Relationship Between International Students’ Levels of Cultural Intelligence and Their Intercultural Sensitivity and Acculturation

The aim of the present research is to investigate the relation between the cultural intelligence levels of international students and their acculturation and intercultural sensitivity levels. The research was conducted with a total of 353 female and 282 male participants studying at Bursa Uludağ University. The participants were students from different countries and from different ethnic origins. Scales for measuring intercultural sensitivity, cultural intelligence, and acculturation, as well as a personal information form, were employed in the research, which used a correlational survey model inside a quantitative research design. In the analysis of the data, confirmatory factor analysis was utilized to analyze the construct validity of the scales, and to examine the reliability, the Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficients were calculated and interpreted. While investigating the relationships between the scores obtained from the scales in the study, the Spearman-Brown correlation coefficient was calculated and regression analysis was implemented when examining the predictive status between the scores. According to the results of the current research, there was a low-level positive relationship between international students' levels of cultural intelligence and acculturation and a moderately positive relationship between their levels of cultural intelligence and intercultural sensitivity.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIFELONG LEARNING TENDENCIES AND LIFE QUALITY OF PARENTS THAT GIVE SPECIAL CARE

The developments in the social, economic, technological, and health areas in society provide developments and changes in the care and welfare of disabled individuals. Studies in this area revealed the importance of learning in the realization of development and change and its effect on quality of life. One of the issues waiting for a solution is to integrate the disabled population with society and continue their lives without being cut off from social life, to be cared for correctly and on time, and to improve their quality of life in this context. For these reasons, it is important to investigate the disability together with the caregivers of the individual. The main purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between lifelong learning tendencies and the life quality of parents who provide special care. In addition, the relationship of these variables with sociodemographic variables such as age, gender, educational status, and disability rate and whether they show statistically significant differences are examined. This research is a quantitative study and the relational screening model is used. The sample group of the study consists of 85 voluntary disabled parents living in Fatsa district. "Personal Information Form", "Lifelong Learning Tendency Scale" and "Quality of Life Scale Turkish Version" are used to obtain the data. In the analysis of the data MS Excel and SPSS 26 package program are used. The normality of the distributions is checked using the Skewness and Kurtosis Analysis and the Shapiro-Wilk test. Pearson correlation analysis, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and independent sample t-test are used for normally distributed data. Spearman-Brown correlation analysis, Mann Whitney - U test, and Kruskal Wallis H tests are used for abnormally distributed data. As a result of the analyzes, it is determined that there is a moderate and positive significant relationship between the lifelong learning tendencies of the parents who care for the disabled individuals and their life quality. After the results obtained in the research are discussed in the light of the literature, suggestions are made.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu/0729/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Validity and reliability of Turkish version of the secondary screening instrument for targeting educational risk questionnaires

ABSTRACT Objective The Secondary Screening Instrument for Targeting Educational Risk Questionnaires (Secondary S.I.F.T.E.R.) is a scanning tool for teachers to evaluate the challenges and educational risks faced by deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) students. In Turkey, there is a need for a screening tool to identify academic risks among DHH students. This study aimed to adapt the Turkish version of the Secondary S.I.F.T.E.R. (Secondary S.I.F.T.E.R.-T) and evaluate its validity and reliability. Materials and Methods The Secondary S.I.F.T.E.R.-T was translated and cross-culturally adapted. Subsequently, the Secondary S.I.F.T.E.R.-T was administered by teachers of 104 DHH students (group 1) and 69 normal-hearing students (group 2) in the 6th to 12th grades to evaluate. Results In the validity analysis of the Secondary S.I.F.T.E.R.-T, the item-total correlation coefficients, content validity ratio, and index were found to be compatible with the literature, and the subscale and total scale scores of the two groups were significantly different. High internal consistency reliability was determined using Cronbach's alpha, split-half Spearman-Brown correlation, and Guttman's coefficients. A scoring grid was developed to identify low-, middle-, and high-performing students. Conclusions The validity and reliability analyzes of the Secondary-S.I.F.T.E.R.-T were found to be acceptable, and scoring grids were determined. Secondary-S.I.F.T.E.R.-T can be used as a screening tool to identify academic risks among DHH students in Turkey.

Psychometric validation of the Persian version of Philanthropy Scale in university students

ABSTRACT In this study, we culturally adapted the Philanthropy Scale for Iranian university students, assessing its validity and reliability. Our sample included 600 students from Tehran and Tabriz universities. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) validated the three-factor model, demonstrating excellent fit values. Internal consistency, measured by Cronbach's Alpha, was α = .838 for the total score. Sub-dimensions had values of α = .812 (“not being self-seeking and being sincere”), α = .745 (“love and unconditional acceptance”), and α = .689 (“honesty”). Spearman-Brown correlation coefficients, assessed via the split-half method, were r = .825 for the total score, r = .757 (“not being self-seeking and being sincere”), r = .705 (“love and unconditional acceptance”), and r = .769 (“honesty”). These results signify robust reliability.

Examination Of The Relationship Between Academicians' Life Long Learning Tendencies And Thinking Styles

The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between academicians' lifelong learning tendencies and their thinking styles. Relational descriptive method was used in the research. All academicians working in higher education institutions in the 2022-2023 academic year were determined as the population of the research. After obtaining the necessary permissions, the scale was applied to a sample group of 1554 people, by reaching all universities by means of official letters and e-mails to the institutional e-mail addresses of the individuals. Personal Information Form, “Lifelong Learning Tendency Scale” and “Rational-Experiential Thinking Styles Scale” were used as data collection tools. The obtained data were transferred to the statistical package program. In the light of the sub-problems, it was examined whether the scale scores differed in terms of various variables (education level, academic title, field of science). The results were classified according to sociodemographic variables and presented in frequency tables. In accordance with the results obtained from the variables, Kruskal Wallis H test and Spearman-Brown Correlation Analysis were performed, and Mann Whitney U test was applied to determine the direction of the differences. Based on the findings, it was concluded that academicians have a high level of lifelong learning tendencies. While the lifelong learning tendencies of academicians differ according to the variables of educational status and field of science; did not differ according to academic title variables. It was concluded that the academicians' thinking styles levels were at a moderate level. The thinking styles of the academicians differed in terms of educational status, academic title and field of science variables. It has been concluded that the relationship between academicians' lifelong learning tendencies and thinking styles is at a significant level in terms of total and sub-dimension scores, generally below the medium level and in a positive direction.

Adaptation of an entrepreneurship education self-assessment scale at the tertiary level into Turkish

The university environment provides a good context for entrepreneurship education. With the vigorous development of entrepreneurship education, educators and scholars have shown increasing interest in the significant role entrepreneurship education plays in higher education. As a result, the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education has quickly become a popular topic. However, it is often not easy to evaluate entrepreneurship education programs, which are designed for medium- and long-term outcomes. It is essential to develop alternative assessment tools that do not traditionally assess only knowledge. The study aims to adapt the multidimensional measurement tool for assessing university students' entrepreneurial skills, knowledge, attitudes, and mindsets. While the scale was translated into Turkish, face and content validity were proved. The data was gathered from 572 university students. Confirmatory factor analyses were employed to assess the construct validity of the measure. The Turkish Entrepreneurship Education Self-Efficiency Scale was obtained with three main dimensions and 38 items. Its Cronbach’s alpha, Spearman-Brown correlation, and composite reliability coefficients are 0.95, 0.86, and 0.98, respectively. Furthermore, the study found that the entrepreneurship education scores of the participants were significantly related to their gender, field of education, volunteering, work experience, experience of starting or running their own business, and entrepreneurship education. The effect size of these variables differs, and the experience with self-employment has the greatest influence on entrepreneurship education.

Özel Gereksinimli Çocukların Kaynaştırılması: Okul Öncesi Öğretmenlerinin Disleksi Bilgisi ve Yeterlilik Faktörleri

Introduction: The study was conducted to examine the factors that affect the competencies of preschool teachers towards inclusion of children with special needs and their level of dyslexia knowledge. Method: The study was designed in descriptive and relational survey model. The study group consisted of 350 preschool teachers. “Personal Information Form, Knowledge and Belief Scale about Dyslexia and Teacher Competency Scale for Inclusion of Children with Special Needs” were used to collect the data. In the analyses, frequencies and percentages of personal information were given, descriptive analyses were conducted on the scale scores, and Spearman Brown correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between the two scale scores. CHAID analysis, which is one of the classification analyses, was used to determine the factors affecting the scores of teachers’ teacher competency scale for inclusion of children with special needs and dyslexia knowledge and belief scale scores. Findings: As a result of the study, it was observed that as preschool teachers’ dyslexia knowledge, diagnosis, treatment and general knowledge levels increased, their level of law, knowledge, perception and general competence for inclusion of children with special needs also increased. The most important factors affecting the competencies of preschool teachers towards the inclusion of children with special needs were found to be the status of having a special education certificate, the status of receiving training on learning disabilities, the type of institution and gender. It was found that preschool teachers who received training on learning disabilities and had a special education certificate had higher competency towards inclusion of children with special needs. Discussion: While there is a lack of specific studies exploring the competencies of preschool teachers for the inclusion of children with special needs and their dyslexia knowledge levels, there are studies showing the importance of inclusive education.

Examining the link between oral and written reasoning within a generative learning environment: the impact of the Science Writing Heuristic approach

ABSTRACT This study aims to investigate the relationship between written and oral reasoning in an undergraduate chemistry laboratory course as part of an argument-based inquiry approach, which is also a generative learning environment, known as the Science Writing Heuristic (SWH). The study employed the data-transformation variant of convergent design of mixed-method research. Data sources included 180 laboratory reports from nine Pre-service Science Teachers (PSTs) and 20 video recordings across two semesters. Using Walton’s argument schemes, PSTs’ development, utilisation and correlation of written and oral reasoning and an argument cycle of premise-justification-conclusion were examined. A Friedman test and a Spearman-Brown correlation were conducted for statistical analysis. The results revealed that there is a positive correlation between written and oral reasoning. While the quality of PSTs’ written reasoning significantly increased from the first time phase to the following time phases, this pattern was not observed in oral reasoning. An argument cycle of premise-justification-conclusion occurred in each phase of oral arguments. However, this cycle did not occur in every facet of the SWH process across all time phases in written arguments. The study suggests that pre-service science teachers should be provided with learning environments that will allow them to make external evaluations and engage in talking, reading and writing activities for learning purposes.

Anne ve Babaların Çocuk Yetiştirme Tutumlarını Etkileyen Faktörlerin CHAID Analiziyle İncelenmesi

This research is on the relationship between mothers and fathers in child-rearing attitudes, and parents' child-rearing was conducted to examine the variables that affect attitudes. The research study group in the relational screening model consisted of the mothers and fathers of 324 children (n=648) 36-72 months old children attending preschool education institutions. The Parent Child-Rearing Attitudes Scale ((PAS) A form was used as a data collection tool in the study. Spearman-Brown Correlation Coefficient and CHAID algorithm, one of the decision tree algorithms, were used to analyse the data. As a result of the research, it was determined that democratic attitudes of mothers decrease and repressive-authoritarian attitudes increase as their over-tolerant attitudes towards their children increase; democratic attitudes of fathers decrease as their over-tolerant attitudes towards their children rise, and their democratic attitudes increase as their repressive-authoritarian attitudes increase. Again, it was determined that there is a positive and significant relationship between parents' child-rearing attitudes. It has been determined that the most important factors affecting the parenting attitudes of the parents are the birth order of the children, the education level of the mother, the education level of the father, the working status of the mother and the family structure.

CONSTRUCTION A SCALE OF SOCIAL ANXIETY ON A SUDANESE SAMPLE

The research aimed to construct a scale of social anxiety compatible with the Sudanese people, and to ascertain its psychometric properties (the validity and stability of the scale), the scale was prepared by the researcher, and it was conducted on a sample of (40) Sudanese student, the statistical analysis was done by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences program (spss), using the Pearson correlation coefficient to find the internal consistency value of the scale, Cronbach’s alpha stability coefficient, and the scale stability coefficient by splitting halfway using the Spearman-Brown correlation coefficient, in addition to the scale’s self- validity. The Cronbach value after deleting the weakly correlated items (0.761), the half-segment reliability value (0.637), the self-validity value (0.798), which indicates that the scale has a high degree of reliability and validity, which confirms that the scale is suitable for use on the Sudanese environment in the field of diagnosis Social anxiety, and in research and studies dealing with the social anxiety variable among the youth Sudanese sample

Positive Thinking Model for Women Who Have Body Dissatisfaction

This study aimed to establish a correlation between positive thinking and body dissatisfaction among women aged 20 to 40 residing in Sampang. With a quantitative approach, the study surveyed 344 individuals through online questionnaires using Google Forms. Nonparametric statistics, specifically Spearman Brown correlation test, was used for data analysis. Results showed a significant negative relationship between positive thinking (independent variable) and body dissatisfaction (dependent variable), with a Spearman Brown Correlation Coefficient of -0.509 at a significance level (p) of 0.000. The findings suggest that positive thinking can have a significant impact on reducing body dissatisfaction in women. In women, a positive outlook corresponds to reduced body dissatisfaction, meaning that as women become more positive in their thinking, their body dissatisfaction tends to decrease. Conversely, a lack of positive thinking in women leads to an increase in body dissatisfaction.

Validity and reliability of short-form travel behavior questionnaire during COVID-19 pandemic (TBQ-Cov19)

IntroductionAvoiding unnecessary travel and reducing the number of essential travels are among the effective strategies for preventing the spread of COVID-19 during the pandemic. Given that it is impossible to avoid essential travel, health protocols should be observed to prevent disease transmission. The extent to which health protocols are observed during the trip should be accurately assessed by a valid questionnaire. Therefore, this study aims to develop and validate a questionnaire to assess compliance with COVID-19 prevention protocols during travel. MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 285 individuals were selected from six provinces using the cluster sampling method in May and June 2021. The Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI) were calculated using the comments of 12 external experts. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA), with principal component factor in the extraction method and Varimax rotation, were applied to determine construct validity. Cronbach’s alpha was employed to assess internal consistency and the Spearman-Brown correlation coefficient was computed for test-retest reliability. ResultsIn the content validity phase, the I-CVIs for all items were acceptable, but due to a low CVR value (below 0.56), one question was eliminated. As a result of EFA for construct validity, two factors were extracted that justified 61.8% of the variance. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the questionnaire, with 10 items, was 0.83. The Spearman-Brown correlation coefficient was 0.911 which confirmed the stability of the questionnaire at an excellent level. ConclusionsThis questionnaire is a valid tool with good validity and reliability for assessing compliance with health protocols in travel during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Investigation of the Effects of Temperament Traits on Preschool Children's Spiritual Adjustment

Bu çalışmada mizacın okul öncesi dönem çocuklarının ruhsal uyumuna etkisinin incelenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Çalışmada ayrıca çocukların mizaç özellikleri ve ruhsal uyum arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Çalışma grubunu 5-6 yaşındaki 311 çocuk oluşturmuştur. Veriler çocukların annelerinden elde edilmiştir. Veri toplamada Çocuklar İçin Mizaç Ölçeği (ÇİMÖ) ve Hacettepe Ruhsal Uyum Envanteri kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Spearman Brown Korelasyon analizi ve CHAID analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda çocukların yakınlık ve uyum, tepkisellik durumu, dikkat ve sebatkarlık, ritmiklik ve duygusal duyarlık mizaç özellikleri arttıkça ruhsal uyumlarının da arttığı belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda okul öncesi çocukların, anneleri tarafından ruhsal anlamda uyumlu olarak değerlendirildiği görülmüştür. Çocukların ruhsal uyumları üzerinde en etkili mizaç özelliğinin, tepkisellik durumu olduğu, çocukların tepkisellik davranışları ne kadar normal/kabul edilebilir düzeyde ise ruhsal uyumlarının da o kadar iyi düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bunun yanında tepkiselliği ve duyusal hassasiyeti normal/kabul edilebilir düzeyde, yakınlık ve uyumu yüksek çocukların ruhsal uyumlarının iyi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Tepkiselliği orta düzeyde olan çocuklardan duygusal duyarlığı ve aktivite düzeyi yüksek çocukların, ayrıca kabul edilebilirliği en düşük tepkiselliğe sahip çocuklardan ritmikliği yüksek olan çocukların ruhsal uyumlarının iyi olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Psychometric Properties of a Self-efficacy Scale for Teachers of Autistic Students in Saudi Environment

Objectives: this study aimed to prepare and standardize of a self-efficacy scale for teachers of students with autism spectrum disorder in Saudi environment, and to verify its psychometric properties, in the absence of an appropriate measure for this purpose. Method: the sample of the study consisted of (142) male and female teachers working with students with autism spectrum disorder in intellectual education programs and public education schools. The scale prepared by the researcher was applied to the study sample which is selected from all regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in a random stratified manner. This scale consists of (30) items equally divided into two dimensions: self-efficacy in the cognitive aspect, and self-efficacy in the skill aspect.
 Results: The results of the study revealed the following: The scale prepared by the researcher has high stability indications in light of each of the Cronbach Alpha coefficient (α=0.92), and the Spearman Brown correlation coefficient (r=0.93). Additionally, the scale prepared by the researcher includes two factors (dimensions) to measure the self-efficacy of teachers of students with autism spectrum disorder, and these two factors are: self-efficacy in the cognitive side, and self-efficacy in the skill side.
 Conclusion: The results of the current study showed that the "self-efficacy scale for teachers of students with autism spectrum disorder" prepared by the researcher has high psychometric properties at the level of honesty and stability.

Examination of the relationship between the attitudes of teacher candidates towards technology and their opinions of distance education

The study aims to determine possible relationships between the opinions of teacher candidates regarding distance education, and their attitudes toward the technology used in distance education courses. A quantitative research approach structured in a descriptive and relational survey model was used in the research. 81 teacher candidates studying in three different departments participated in the study. Non-parametric statistics were used to analyze the data, and Descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman-Brown correlation analysis were employed. The results revealed that there is a positive and moderately significant relationship between the attitudes of pre-service teachers towards technology and their opinions of the distance education process. It has also been determined that there is a positive and moderate relationship between the opinions of teacher candidates in regard to the sub-dimensions of the scale of the distance education process evaluation (levels of accessibility, usability, attitude, technological facilities, and self-efficacy) and their attitudes towards technology. These findings implicate that educators teaching online learners should consider the characteristics of their learners and make decisions regarding the teaching and learning process to create the optimal learning environment.

Engelli Çocuğa Sahip Anne-Babaların Çocuk Yetiştirme Tutumları ve Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi

Bu çalışmada, engelli çocuğa sahip anne ve babaların çocuk yetiştirme tutumlarının karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesi, çocuk yetiştirme tutumlarını etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma grubunu, okul öncesi engelli çocuğu olan 147 ve ilkokul dönemi engelli çocuğu olan 157 anne-baba oluşturmuştur. Annelerden hem kendileri hem de eşleriyle ilgili bilgiler edinilmiştir. Böylece toplam 304 veri değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında Özyürek (2017) tarafından geliştirilen Anne-Baba Tutum Ölçeği (A ve B formları) ve Eşlerin Çocuk Yetiştirmeye Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği (A ve B formları) kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, anne ve babaların çocuk yetiştirme tutumları arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesinde Spearman Brown Korelasyon analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Anne ve babaların, çocuk yetiştirme tutumlarını etkileyen kişisel değişkenlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla CHAID analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak; anneler daha hoşgörülü iken babaların daha baskıcı ve otoriter tutuma sahip oldukları, anne ve babaların çocuk yetiştirme tutumlarının benzerlik gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Annelerin demokratik tutumlarını etkileyen en önemli değişkenin aile yapısı, babaların demokratik tutumlarını etkileyen en önemli değişkenin çocuk sayısı ve annenin öğrenim düzeyi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Anne-babaların çocuklarına yönelik baskıcı ve otoriter tutumlarını etkileyen en önemli değişkenin babanın öğrenim düzeyi ve mesleği olduğu belirlenmiştir. Babaların aşırı hoşgörülü tutumlarının ise annelerin çalışıp çalışması ve çocuk sayısından etkilendiği belirlenmiştir.

Development and validation of the Jordanian food purchasing habits survey

PurposeThe authors developed and validated a questionnaire called “The Jordanian Food Purchasing Habits Survey” (JFPHS). The purpose of this questionnaire was to explore Jordanians’ food purchasing habits and the factors which may affect these habits among a convenient sample of people. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no such questionnaires have been developed to measure these factors for the Jordanian population. This paper aims to describe the reasoning behind and the process of developing the (JFPHS).Design/methodology/approachThe JFPHS investigated meal preparation and grocery shopping behaviors, nutrition label use and factors affecting purchasing of 13 (n = 13) food groups. A two-step process, a pilot test and validity study, were used to validate the questionnaire. Internal consistency (split-half reliability) tests were run on the factors in each individual food group producing Spearman–Brown correlation coefficients.FindingsA convenient sample of 483 individuals (118 males, 365 females) participated in the study. Spearman–Brown correlation coefficients were < 0.7 for bread and between 0.7–0.8 and 0.8–0.9 for other food groups. The ingredients list grid and the expiry date grid had Spearman–Brown coefficient values > 0.9.Social implicationsThis questionnaire is a valid tool to assess food purchasing behavior. Results from our questionnaire, when published, may be used to monitor trends in food consumption.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, no such questionnaires been developed to measure these factors for the Jordanian population.