Speaker's Intention Research Articles

RESEARCH OF COMMUNICATIVE AND PRAGMATIC ASPECTS OF THE VERBALIZERS OF THE CONCEPT "MOUTH" IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK

Linguistic pragmatics is one of the most promising and new areas of modern linguistics, which is an integral part of the theory of language and is studied in the course of general linguistics. Lingvopragmatics refers to the study of how language is used in specific contexts and social settings. It combines the fields of pragmatics, which studies how meaning is constructed through language use, and linguistics, which studies the scientific structure and function of language. This field examines how pragmatic factors such as social context, speaker intentions, implication, presupposition, and the cooperative principle interact with linguistic elements to influence communication.

The Pragmatic Impact of Grammatical Structures in Courtroom Interpretation and Translation

Courtroom interpretation and translation require a nuanced understanding of not only vocabulary but also the pragmatic impact of grammatical structures. This paper examines the pragmatic impact of grammatical structures on interpretations in the Kisii Law Courts. Using data collected from actual proceedings, the paper analyzes how seemingly minor grammatical differences can have significant consequences for the accuracy and fairness of the legal process. By applying Mey's (2001) Pragmatic Act Theory (PAT), we analyze how modal verbs, passive voice and nominalisation function within the context of the courtroom, influencing the interpretation of witness testimonies, judge's instructions, and lawyer's arguments. Specifically, we explore the use of passive voice within the context of PAT, analyzing how these choices interact with the social context and speaker intention. We will also examine the pragmatic effects of passivisation on agency, responsibility, and the focus of witness testimony, examining how they shape the understanding of events and culpability. It is crucial for court interpreters and translators to accurately convey the intended meaning and effects of pragmatic acts in court proceedings. Keywords: Pragmatic Act Theory, court interpretation and translation, passive voice, nominalisation, modal verbs

LEXICOGRAMMATICAL ANALYSIS OF INSULTERS IN THE VIRAL VIDEO “LABRAK PELAKOR” ON YOUTUBE INDONESIA

Since 2017, the massive phenomenon of the viral video "Labrak Pelakor" has been discovered on Indonesian social media. These videos contain fights between women who are vulnerable to verbal and physical violence. “Labrak Pelakor” is known as a marriage conflict that occurs due to infidelity. Pelakor is a variety of conversation created by Indonesian netizens from the acronym Perebut Laki Orang, which means women who tempt and seize someone's husband or a woman who is having an affair with someone's husband. “Labrak Pelakor” are incidents that are documented and uploaded on social media. The observations show that the speech used in this accident contains language crimes. Language crime is a criminal act that aims to injure, attack, and psychologically harm the victim. The impact of this event can kill the character, damage reputation, attack honor, embarrass, create public trouble, propaganda, false information, and threats. The objective of the study is to investigate and find linguistic evidence of insulting. The study uses a forensic linguistic approach. Forensic linguistics is a forensic science that applies linguistic theories to solve linguistic cases. Forensic linguistics is an approach to analyzing the linguistics aspect of a language case to find legal evidence. Language is legal evidence associated with efforts to determine the speaker or perpetrator and interpret the meaning/intent of a spoken text. The aim is to ensure that the meaning, intent, and form of legal object texts indicating violations of the law will become clear. The legal evidence in the "Labrak Pelakor" is limited to determining the speaker or perpetrator only. The linguistic theory used to reveal the perpetrators is lexicogrammatical. Lexicogrammatics analysis consists of the clause system, transitivity system, and information structure that reveal the speaker's intentions, actions, and point of view. This study used a descriptive qualitative method. The data source is three viral videos entitled "Labrak Pelakor" with more than 600 thousand viewers on the Indonesian YouTube channel. Data collection techniques use observation and recording documents. Data analysis uses content analysis techniques. The linguistic evidence found that 60 utterances contained insulting spoken by 7 speakers. The result analysis of speakers' intentions, actions, and points of view proves their utterances are to insult their interlocutor.

Autistic and non-autistic adults use discourse context to determine a speaker's intention to request.

The current study focuses on how autistic adults utilize context to determine whether ambiguous utterances (e.g., "I'm thirsty") are intended as indirect requests or as literal comment/questions. Two questions are addressed: (1) How do autistic adults compare to neurotypical adults in using context to interpret an utterance's intention as either literal or a request? (2) What cognitive mechanisms correlate with indirect request interpretation, and are these different for participants in each group? Twenty-six autistic and 26 neurotypical college students participated, engaging in an online experiment where they read narratives that ended with utterances open to literal or request interpretations, based on context. After each narrative, participants selected the best paraphrase of the utterance from two options, literal versus request. Following this task, participants completed two mentalizing measures (a false belief and emotion-identification task) and several executive functioning tests. The best model for predicting paraphrase choice included scores on the emotion-identification task and context as main effects, along with the interaction between both. Participants with higher emotion-identification test scores were more likely to provide correct paraphrases. Models including group as a main effect and/or interaction were not better at fitting the data, nor were any models that included executive functioning measures as main effects or interactions. Emotion-identification test scores, but not autism diagnosis, predict how adults infer whether an utterance is a request. Findings suggest that autistic adults use context similarly to neurotypical adults when interpreting requests, and that similar processes underlie performance for each group.

THE ROLE OF AI AND WEB 2.0 TOOLS IN DEVELOPING PRAGMATIC COMPETENCE OF L2 ENGLISH LEARNERS

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and web 2.0 tools has transformed various sectors, like healthcare and finance, by imitating human intelligence and decision-making. However, AI still struggles with understanding and effectively participating in human communication, which is a crucial challenge. Pragmalinguistics, a branch of linguistics focused on the relationship between language and context, addresses this issue. It examines pragmatic aspects such as speaker intention, context, and shared knowledge to grasp the intended meaning behind communication. By integrating pragmalinguistics into AI systems, researchers and developers aim to narrow the gap between machines and human communication. This article explores how AI and web 2.0tools are helpful in pragmalinguistics collaborate to improve AI capabilities.

구어 말뭉치에 나타난 유의 관계 감탄사의 비교 분석 - 감탄사 ‘어’, ‘응’의 의미와 용법을 중심으로

This study conducted a comparative analysis of the usage patterns of Korean exclamations ‘eo’ and ‘eung’ in spoken corpus. The findings reveal that both are predominantly used for listener response signals and affirmative answers within dialogue. ‘eo’ is more frequently used for emotional expressions, while ‘eung’ is more common for indicating speaker's intent. These results suggest that exclamations play a significant role in maintaining interaction and flow in conversation. Additionally, the selection and use of exclamations are closely tied to the formality of the situation and the context of communication. The study underscores the importance of research based on actual language use data, providing direction for future research focused on spoken language.

An Ideal Marriage: A Study of the Marriage Sermon in the Perspective of Gadamer’s Hermeneutics

This paper aims to find a dynamic relationship between the text and the interpreter in the marriage sermon. This dynamic is explored by utilizing qualitative methods with the Gadamer’s Hermeneutics approach, which focuses on the acceptance of listeners or readers rather than the speaker's intent. There are two parties involved in understanding: the horizon of the text and the horizon of the interpreter. Gadamer's hermeneutics illustrates hermeneutics as a fusion of horizons. Hermeneutics is an attempt to clarify the conditions for understanding to take place. Thus, the meaning of the text is no longer limited to the author's intent but is open to the interpretation of the reader. There is a dynamic relationship between the horizons of the text and the horizons of the interpreter. Brides and families receive marriage advice when arranging paperwork at the Office of Religious Affairs, ordering material from the khatib to be delivered during the marriage sermon, and the atmosphere at the ceremony venue supports understanding the horizon of the text with the horizon of the interpreter. Therefore, the fusion of horizons of the text and the interpreter of the marriage sermon from the perspective of Gadamer's Hermeneutics shows the formation of a prosperous, happy, and noble family, in line with the concepts of sakinah, mawaddah, and warrahmah.

Моделирование импликативной семантики ландшафтных номинаций в предложении (на материале немецкого языка)

The purpose of the study is to identify the relationship of the implicative semantics of landscape nominations with logical and grammatical types of sentences and to build models of implication of additional meanings of landscape nominations on this basis. The article explores the concept of implicative semantics and investigates how the logical and grammatical structure of German sentences relates to the implicit meanings of landscape-related terms found within them. These implicit meanings are derived from German linguistic culture. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the fact that for the first time the implicative semantics of landscape nominations is modeled in connection with the logical and grammatical types of the German sentence. As a result, based on the corpus data of the Digital Dictionary of the German Language, sentences containing nominations of large landscape forms are analyzed. The specifics of the semantic roles of landscape nominations in four main types of German sentences are described. The speaker's predicative connections with landscape objects and their implicative potential in German linguoculture are systematized. Models of the formation of the implicative meaning of landscape nominations are presented in the form of four types of frames: action, procedural, evaluative and the frame of "inclusion of the singular into the particular". The necessity of taking into account the speaker's intention in interpreting the implicative meaning in different types of discourse is shown.

(Don’t) believe me, I’m telling the truth! Speech disfluency and eye contact as cues to veracity, intention, and truth judgement

ABSTRACT There is no consensus in the literature about the role of speech disfluencies and eye contact as cues to deception. The current study uses a picture-description game (the treasure hunting paradigm) to collect speech and eye contact data of speakers and veracity assessments of listeners engaged in a socially meaningful interaction. The paradigm was implemented so that not only statement veracity (i.e. true or false) could be manipulated, but also speaker’s intention (i.e. wanting or not wanting to be believed) and listener decision (i.e. believing or not believing the speaker). Multivariate Pattern Analysis showed that disfluency patterns could predict intention and decision above chance, but not veracity. Eye contact could predict veracity, intention, and decision above the chance level. Future research should focus more on qualitative features (i.e. when and how), while accounting for speaker intention.

Easing down foreign language listening anxiety: Metacognitive intervention and dialogic interaction

AbstractListening comprehension (LC) occurs when listeners can reasonably interpret a speaker's intention; therefore, reducing foreign language listening anxiety (FLLA) among EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners significantly facilitates their comprehension. Accordingly, the present study was designed to determine the effect of metacognitive intervention (MI) and metacognitive intervention through dialogic interaction (MIDI) on EFL learners’ FLLA. A mixed methods approach was used to hire 90 all‐male, advanced undergraduate students majoring in TEFL (Teaching English as a Foreign Language), ranging from 18 to 22 years of age, who participated in three groups. The first two groups (N = 60) were experimental groups that received 8 weeks of intervention programs within an 11‐session study focusing on MI and MIDI. Simultaneously, the control group (N = 30) listened to the same audio files the same number of times but without any attention paid to MI or MIDI, and there was no discussion of strategy use after each session. To fulfill the aim of the study, a validated questionnaire on the FLLA scale, IELTS listening recordings along with listening guide sheets and IELTS listening samples, and semi‐structured interviews to investigate learners’ attitudes toward intervention sessions’ effect on their LC and anxiety level were used. The results provided some empirical support that learners benefit from MI and specifically MIDI to reduce the level of their FLLA and further improve LC.

SEMANTIC DYNAMICS OF BUSINESS IN STYLISTICS OF SOCIAL COMMUNICATION

The article is devoted to the linguistic and stylistic motivation of the "business" nature in the time and space of culture. The research idea regarding the need for professional analysis of the evolution of business is formulated and argued: from the primary meaning of the word to the modern one, which reflects the values and priorities of the development of the modern world, verbalized as a result of active processes of literary language development. The functioning of "business" concept in heterogeneous communicative fragments — in the structure of word combinations and fixed expressions — is studied, which explains the nature and scope of its application and the effective expediency of its use in multilingual contexts. The status of business in the language consciousness of society and the general state of business activity are considered through a diachronic comparison of the semantics of the term "business" in general language dictionaries of different editions. Therefore, attention is focused on common and professional definitions of the concept of business, their features and differences. For the dynamics of the objectivity of stylistic studies of business communication, it is determined that it is relevant to characterize the nature of business as a phenomenon, its strategies and tactics, which appear as systematized communicative intentions of speakers and determine effective models of their verbal interaction in this area. At this stage, we consider such tasks to be promising for further research, since business linguistics aspectology is projected onto the system of current issues that determine the vectors of development of national linguistics. Taking into account the development of multimedia technologies, which today actively affect all spheres of public communication, determine the dynamic nature of their functional and stylistic adaptation to the priorities and values of the mass audience, the task of the research perspective of creating and implementing an effective functional model of business communication, in particular, in the media space, was formulated.

Professional voice use in health and nursing care - Time for reconsideration? A scoping review.

Communication is a key tool in the nursing profession. It is known that listeners are sensitive to the speaker's voice and interpret the speaker's intentions primarily from the non-verbal signal conveyed. To map and discuss the current state of knowledge and research evidence on professional voice use in health and nursing care. A scoping review adherent to the EQUATOR guidelines PRISMA-ScR. Searches in the EBSCO, CINAHL, Medline, PubMed, PsychInfo and PsycArticles databases were conducted between 1 and 28 February 2023. According to the data (n = 23), health professionals use voice as a vital aspect of caring communication and caring relationships, and in leadership as well as inter-professional collaboration, to facilitate information exchange and understanding and promote shared decision-making. The data showed that there is also a rising tendency to explore vocal demands and problems among health professionals. No studies were found on the use of voice in digital health and nursing care services or by social robots. Most of the reviewed studies were cross-sectional, rather small, and focused primarily on the perspectives of healthcare professionals. The use of voice should be explored as a vital aspect of caring communication and caring relationships from the patients' perspective, and the effects of voice use on listeners' emotions and actions should be examined in different contexts with modern, voice-specific data collection methods. Studies focusing on voice use in digital health care and by social robots are also needed. By integrating training programmes, education and technological innovations, health care can leverage the full potential of voice-based communication to promote a more coordinated and patient-centred care environment, true inter-professional collaboration and effective leadership. Professional voice use is an essential part of all health and nursing care and an impressive method that should be used consciously. Therefore, the meaning and methods of voice use, including speech accommodation, should be systematically introduced into health and nursing care and included in nursing education.

Involvement of the anterior insula and frontal operculum during wh-question comprehension of wh-in-situ Korean language.

In this research, we employed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the neurological basis for understanding wh-questions in wh-in-situ languages such as Korean, where wh-elements maintain their original positions instead of moving explicitly within the sentence. Our hypothesis centered on the role of the salience and attention network in comprehending wh-questions in wh-in-situ languages, such as the discernment of wh-elements, the demarcation between interrogative types, and the allocation of cognitive resources towards essential constituents vis-à-vis subordinate elements in order to capture the speaker's communicative intent. We explored subject and object wh-questions and scrambled wh-questions, contrasting them with yes/no questions in Korean. Increased activation was observed in the left anterior insula and bilateral frontal operculum, irrespective of the wh-position or scrambling of wh-element. These results suggest the interaction between the salience and attentional system and the syntactic linguistic system, particularly the left anterior insula and bilateral frontal operculum, in comprehending wh-questions in wh-in-situ languages.

Alternating mechanism of person deixis in Persian interactions: A cognitive-dialogic account

By examining the employment of personal deictic terms in Persian interactions, this study focuses on the dynamic and emerging uses of them in order to shed some light on how to interpret the construction of interpersonal relations of Persian speakers. More importantly, it aims to account for the alternation mechanism between paradigmatic pronouns of lowering and elevating one's status within a single interaction. A cognitive-dialogic analysis of approximately 20 h of everyday conversations and videotaped broadcasts reveals that interlocutors' use of personal deictic terms is a fluid, emergent, and contingent practice, governed by at least six possible interactional factors: i) the speaker's emotions, ii) the speaker's situational intentions, iii) the prior speaker's turn, iv) the shift of discourse topic, v) bystander(s), and vi) the message content. Interlocutors' emergent shift from lowering into elevating terms and vice versa brings about a fluctuation of interpersonal relationships in the course of interaction. By taking these factors into account, this study shows that each usage of lowering and elevating terms conveys multiple, but distinct referential and indexical meanings about the interactants and the context in which it occurs. It also reveals that Persian speakers are aware of the potential indexical meanings of these terms, and that they use them (un)consciously and strategically to define, negotiate, or reshape their social relationships. Above all, this study argues that interlocutors' (inter)subjectivity essentially regulates the alternation of using lowering- and elevating-deictic forms.

Proximal intentions intentionalism

According to a family of metasemantics for demonstratives called intentionalism, the intentions of speakers determine the reference of demonstratives. And according to a sub-family I call proximal intentions (PI) intentionalism, the intention that determines reference is one that occupies a certain place—the proximal one—in a structure of intentions. PI intentionalism is thought to make correct predictions about reference where less sophisticated forms of intentionalism make the wrong predictions. In this article I argue that this is an illusion: PI intentionalism also suffers from predictive inadequacy. In Sect. 1, I present the problem of predictive inadequacy for intentionalism and an ad hoc response to it. In Sect. 2, I sketch a version of PI intentionalism that aims to provide the most principled response to this problem. In Sect. 3, I explain why PI intentionalism cannot solve the problem after all. In Sect. 4, I indicate where I think metasemanticists should go next.

Exploring Pragmatics: Uncovering the Layers of Language and Meaning

The dynamic interaction of pragmatics, semantics, and culture in language understanding and communication is examined in this narrative review. The review emphasizes how pragmatics and semantics provide complementary viewpoints on language meaning, drawing on current findings in linguistics and communication studies. Semantics concentrates on the exact meanings of words, but pragmatics takes speaker intent and context into account. Comprehending both improves meaning interpretation and communication. The research also highlights how culture influences, how language is used and understood, especially when it comes to nonverbal cues like humor and manners. Language is used to communicate and understand emotions, and this is influenced by cultural quirks. The results highlight how crucial it is to take cultural background, emotional expression, and context into account when developing language instruction and communication approaches. The study ends with recommendations for future research, such as cross-cultural comparison studies, language change monitoring longitudinal studies, and examinations of how language usage is affected by digital platforms. This review advances pragmatics knowledge, which leads to more successful communication techniques in a variety of settings.

An Appraisal Analysis of Attitude in Joko Widodo's ASEAN Summit Speeches

This study employs Martin and White's (2005) Appraisal Framework to analyze the attitude subsystem within President Joko Widodo's speeches at the 2023 ASEAN Summit in Jakarta. The research focuses on uncovering the speaker's expressed attitudes by closely examining his language choices. Data was drawn from English translation scripts of speeches delivered on September 5-7, 2023, and selected using purposive sampling. Analysis of the 43rd ASEAN Summit reveals a significant emphasis on Affect, particularly Inclination, and expressions of Happiness and Satisfaction. Judgments of Veracity, Normality, and Capacity, though less frequent, were also present. The Appreciation category showcased a greater frequency of Reaction and Valuation, indicating the speaker's responsiveness to current challenges and articulation of long-term goals. Interestingly, the 26th ASEAN-Japan Summit speech exhibited a shift in emphasis. While the effect was still prominent, Judgment (precisely Capacity) and Appreciation became more pronounced. This suggests a heightened focus on highlighting expertise and shared values within the ASEAN-Japan context. Overall, this study offers insights into President Widodo's strategic use of language to convey attitudes, build consensus, and address regional issues. These findings have potential educational applications, demonstrating how language can reflect a speaker's beliefs and intentions.

Dialogue between the Lines: Deaf and Hearing Interpreters' Interaction during Intralingual Co-Interpretation

Abstract: This study focuses on the practice of simultaneous cointerpreting in the media, specifically examining the interaction between a hearing interpreter (HI) and a deaf interpreter (DI). The HI's role in this context is to interpret the spoken source speech in Belgian French into French Belgian Sign Language (LSFB) for the DI, who, in turn, conveys the discourse to a deaf audience. The main objective of this research is to explore the phenomenon of adjustment within the HI-DI interaction and the strategies used by the HIs to overcome the inherent challenges of this configuration. To do so, the study analyzes a collection of recorded press conferences related to the COVID-19 crisis, featuring four HI-DI teams. By analyzing a set of video data from press conferences, this study aims to identify the types of information exchanged during the interpretation process, such as specific concepts, meta-comments, the speaker's intentions, and so on. Additionally, the study aims to identify the strategies used by the HIs throughout the process. This analysis reveals the complex dynamics of the HI-DI interaction, shedding light on the HIs' efforts to convey content and meaning from the source speech, as well as their use of metalinguistic indications to make effective adjustments. This article focuses on three specific strategies employed by the HIs: compression strategies, whose goal is to provide the DI with time and space to reformulate the (pre)interpreted message; explicitation strategies, used to make explicit logical connections and prosodic information in the discourse; and interactional signaling strategies, which facilitate interaction between the interpreters.

Analisis Jenis Ekspresif pada Akun Tiktok Shabira Alula

Pragmatics is the speaker's intention in communicating between the speaker and the speech partner. Pragmatics is related to signs (symbols) and meaning. Moris 1938 as the founder of the oldest field of pragmatics studies. Aspects in pragmatic studies are language, context, and understanding. Analysis of expressive types on Shabira Alula's TikTok account. This analysis uses a qualitative descriptive method. Expressive speech acts are the intention of the speaker's speech as an evaluation in communication. Some expressive types praise, complain, please, etc. There are types of expressiveness that are not widely known and what they mean, so the aim of this research is to find out the types of expressiveness and why they occur on Shabira Alula's TikTok account. Understanding, listening, and taking notes as data retrieval techniques. The research results show an expressive type based on Shabira Alula's TikTok account video. The benefits of this analysis are expected to know and develop each type of expressiveness. The results of the analysis based on @Shabiraalulaadnan's TikTok video show several types of expressiveness, namely comforting expressiveness, criticizing expressiveness, praising expressiveness, confusion expressiveness, apologizing expressiveness, thanking expressiveness, blaming expressiveness.

NAVIGATING TRANSLATION CHALLENGES: A HOLISTIC EXAMINATION OF COMMON ISSUES FACED BY TRANSLATION LEARNER IN THE FIFTH SEMESTER IN PERTIWI UNIVERSITY

This study explores the challenges faced by fifth-semester translation students at Pertiwi University during the English-Indonesian translation process. Employing a descriptive research method, the investigation focuses on identifying and analyzing challenges encountered in translation. Participants, referred to as student translators, engaged in a translation test utilizing an English historical recount text. The test aimed to assess translation difficulties and was augmented by Translog, offering detailed insights into the process. Results reveal challenges encompassing lexical-semantic, grammatical, pragmatic, rhetorical, and cultural aspects. Lexical-semantic hurdles involve understanding word meanings and contextual relations, while grammatical challenges span handling idioms and addressing words with multiple meanings. Pragmatic issues delve into speaker intentions, contextual meanings, and socio-cultural considerations. Rhetorical challenges focus on translating figurative language, and cultural problems highlight expressing specific concepts in different cultures