Spatial Organization Of Economy Research Articles

Spatial Organization of Russian Economy in the XVI Century

This article examines the spatial organization of Russia's economic activity in the second half of the 16th century. The spatial division into regions, which differ from other regions in economic organization, is based on the division proposed by Russian historian and economist N.A. Rozhkov. For each such region the author singles out a branch of specialization, determines general factors of national economy development in the 16th century and shows their influence on spatial organization of economy. The author also compares them with economic and historical research of Johann Heinrich von Thünen, who in 1826 offered the theory of rings, or "belts" of spatial specialization. It is shown that such rings began to form in Russia in the 16th century, which became possible due to the active development of domestic trade and the inclusion of large cities in it, which became centers of vigorous trade activity and large markets for agricultural products. This in its turn was possible due to the influence of four essential factors of Russian economic development in the second half of the 16th century: 1) significant development of domestic trade (introduction of "merchant trade records"); 2) growth of quitrent in comparison to metayage; 3) conversion of corvees into monetary taxes; 4) change in money value. The study of spatial specialization of regional economies in the second half of the 16th century shows that in this period of history there was a resettlement of population from the center of the country into more remote regions, which in its turn contributes to diversification of the national economy and economic development of separate parts of the country and the whole country.

Зарубежный опыт стратегического планирования в Арктике в контексте устойчивого развития региона.

The article describes the key areas of strategic planning for the Arctic socio-economic development of the countries in the Northern Europe and Northern America from the point of two concepts: spatial organization of economy and sustainable regional development. The results of the Arctic region development are quantitative and qualitative positive changes in the socio-economic situation. They generate spatial modification taking into account the Arctic conditions of the environment of existence. The aim of the work is to study and accumulate the best foreign practices of applying sustainable development principles for the purposes of strategic planning in the Russian Arctic.The article is based on the analysis of the Arctic strategies in Norway, Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Iceland, Canada and the United States, with an emphasis on ranking the interests of these countries in the Arctic and public policy instruments. The author focuses on the issues of northern territories’ sustainable development and the results assessment of the implementation of strategic goals in the Arctic countries. The author presents a comparative characteristic of strategic priorities within the framework of the Arctic economic development.The research made it possible to identify common cornerstone problems that require the attention of governments: climate change and environment, rational economic development of territories and integration of traditional lifestyle of indigenous people into sustainable regional development. Similar priorities and tasks for the lean development of the Arctic and positive dynamics of regional development make it possible to use its results within the Arctic interregional cooperation. Strategic priorities are compared with statistical indicators values of development and subjective assessments of population on the same characteristics of life quality in the High North. Similar estimates of comparative analysis are consequence of the Arctic policy pursuedby the governments of these countries. The author underlines the necessity of foreign experience accumulation in the process of regional strategies’ development in the Russian Federation.

Экономическое пространство и формы пространственной организации хозяйства и населения

Экономическое пространство и формы пространственной организации хозяйства и населения

Development of Methodical Approach on Identification of Cluster Forms of the Organization of Economy of the Traditional and Agrarian Region

The spatial organization of economy of the Russian regions endures a certain crisis of the existing schemes of territorial localization and functioning of the leading sectors of economy and their enterprises. The accruing fragmentation of economic space and social and economic differentiation is а result of lack of effective counteraction to this crisis. Regions with agrarian orientated economy are more sensitive to processes of uneven development of economic space because they are more dependent on natural and geographical regularities, and the focused development of separate zones leads to synchronous formation of depressive territories with the low level of the key social and economic parameters, despite the available resource potential. Therefore, formation of new approaches to the organization of economic space of the agrarian oriented regions has to coordinate with identification of all leading sectors of economy, zone and polar forms of economic growth and leads to the introduction of different types of cluster innovations on the basis of stimulation of the relevant initiatives. Exactly potential of the cluster forms of the organization of economic space is capable to extend on extensive adjacent territories, forming network designs with the mode of active social and economic development. According to this, an object of this research is development of theoretical and methodical provisions and conceptual approaches and recommendations about improvement of management of development of the agrarian oriented region on the basis of using cluster approach. As a result of the solution of the objective it is offered, based on selection and the analysis of quantitative indicators, methodical approach on identification of potential of clustering in the leading branches of economy of the agrarian oriented region. Also basic elements of the concept of management of the region on the basis of using cluster approach were specified with using the scenario of stage-by-stage development of a cluster in a key branch of economy and the scenario of a polybranch clustering of economy with creation of clusters in several leading branches.