Spatial Distribution Of Solar Radiation Research Articles

Calibration of the Ångström–Prescott Model for Accurately Estimating Solar Radiation Spatial Distribution in Areas with Few Global Solar Radiation Stations: A Case Study of the China Tropical Zone

The Ångström–Prescott formula is commonly used in climatological calculation methods of solar radiation simulation. Aiming at the characteristics of a vast area, few meteorological stations, and uneven distribution in the tropical regions of China, in order to obtain the optimal parameters of the global solar radiation calculation model, this study proposes a suitable monthly global solar radiation model based on the single-station approach and the between-groups linkage of the A–P model, which utilizes monthly measured meteorological data from 80 meteorological stations spanning the period from 1996 to 2016 in the tropical zone of China, considering the similarity in changes of monthly sunshine percentage between stations. The applicability and accuracy of the correction parameters (a and b coefficients) were tested and evaluated, and then the modified parameters were extended to conventional meteorological stations through Thiessen polygons. Finally, the spatial distribution of solar radiation in the tropical region of China was simulated by kriging, IDW, and spline interpolation techniques. The results show the following: (1) The single-station model exhibited the highest accuracy in simulating the average annual global solar radiation, followed by the model based on the between-groups linkage. After optimizing the a and b coefficients, the simulation accuracy of the average annual global solar radiation increased by 5.3%, 8.1%, and 4.4% for the whole year, dry season, and wet season, respectively. (2) Through cross-validation, the most suitable spatial interpolation methods for the whole year, dry season, and wet season in the tropical zone of China were IDW, Kriging, and Spline, respectively. This research has positive implications for improving the accuracy of solar radiation prediction and guiding regional agricultural production.

Analysis of the light performance of Chinese solar greenhouse with internal insulation based on a solar radiation model

Chinese solar greenhouses are important agricultural building facilities with highly efficient and sustainable solar energy consumption. A solar greenhouse with an external insulation blanket for heat preservation is the most prevalent type of CSG. However, greenhouse performance degrades as the thermal insulation performance of the external blanket deteriorates over time when the blanket is exposed to harsh environmental conditions. Moreover, the external blanket is usually parked in an inconvenient location on the south roof in the practice, resulting in shading owing to its increasing coverage length. This significantly influences the solar radiation received by the south roof and that projected on the wall, ultimately affecting the light performance of the greenhouse. Therefore, a solar greenhouse with an innovatively applied internal insulation system was proposed in this study. To analyze the light performance of the solar greenhouse, a solar radiation model was established and verified by comparing the measured and calculated values. Based on the calculated model results, the spatial distribution of solar radiation inside the greenhouse and its allocation to the interior surfaces of the greenhouse were simulated. The total captured and transmitted solar radiation accumulations were compared for three different roof shapes. The captured and transmitted radiation accumulation of the greenhouse with internal insulation increased by 3.9–9.5 and 1.8–4.4 MJ compared to the two other greenhouses, respectively. The effect of the position of the parked blanket on the beam solar radiation projected on the wall and ground was considered. The results indicated that the increased blanket coverage length decreased the cumulative radiation on the wall by 25.24%–99.82%, which did not contribute to improving greenhouse energy-saving production. This study provides a new approach to greenhouse design and optimization.

Simulation model to analyze the spatial distribution of solar radiation in agrivoltaic Mediterranean greenhouses and its effect on crop water needs

Agrivoltaics is a new paradigm that combines agricultural and renewable energy production, making agriculture more sustainable, profitable, and resilient. Applying the agrivoltaics approach to greenhouse production presents both a challenge and an opportunity. The opportunity lies in the use of greenhouse rooftops to install PV panels to provide required shading in hot summer months in a more efficient and profitable way. The challenge relates to the fact that the intensity and uniformity of the shading may affect crop development and yield.To address this dilemma, the present study proposes a new model to simulate the distribution and uniformity of the radiation inside agrivoltaic greenhouses with PV panels installed on their rooftops. The proposed model can analyze any plane geometry for greenhouses as well as any PV panel layout and surface covering percentage. It can also generate reference evapotranspiration (ETo) maps to analyze the effect of radiation on crop water requirements and support farmers to manage irrigation.The results of the model not only provide the average reduction of radiation as a function of the fraction of greenhouse covered by PV panels, but also the uniformity of the radiation distribution, which is a key factor when designing an agrivoltaic greenhouse. The proposed model was validated by applying it to a case study in a real experimental greenhouse that had been utilized in a previous research work.

Spatial Distribution Model of Solar Radiation for Agrivoltaic Land Use in Fixed PV Plants

Agrivoltaics is currently presented as a possible effective solution to one of society’s greatest challenges: responding to the increasing demand for energy and food in an efficient and sustainable manner. To this end, agrivoltaics proposes to combine agricultural and renewable energy production on the same land using photovoltaic technology. The performance of this new production model strongly depends on the interaction between the two systems, agricultural and photovoltaic. In that sense, one of the most important aspects to consider are the effects of the shadows of the photovoltaic panels on the crop land. Therefore, further study of crop behavior under agrivoltaic conditions requires exhaustive knowledge of the spatial distribution of solar radiation within the portion of land between collectors and crops. This study presents a valid methodology to estimate this distribution of solar irradiance in agrivoltaic installations as a function of the photovoltaic installation geometry and the levels of diffuse and direct solar irradiance incident on the crop land. As an example, this methodology was applied to simulate the radiative capture potential of possible photovoltaic plants located in Cordoba, Spain by systematically varying the design variables of the photovoltaic plants. Based on the results obtained, a model correlating the agrivoltaic potential of a photovoltaic plant with its design variables is proposed. Likewise, for the “Alcolea 1” photovoltaic plant (Cordoba, Spain), the solar radiation decay profiles were simulated in the lanes between the photovoltaic collectors where the crops would be planted in the event of converting this plant into an agrivoltaic facility. Thus, the methodology proposed represents an interesting way to determine the agrivoltaic potential of existing grid-connected photovoltaic installations that could be converted into agrivoltaic installations, contributing to the implementation of this new agricultural production model that is more sustainable and environmentally committed to the future.

Temporal and spatial solar resource variation by analysis of measured irradiance in Geba catchment, North Ethiopia

The availability of solar energy resource information in Ethiopia is limited due to the lack of ground measurement stations. The aim of this work was, therefore, to estimate the temporal variation and spatial distribution of solar radiation for Geba catchment located in the Northern part of Ethiopia based on four selected measurement sites. To achieve this, ground measurement data at ten-minute interval that has been recorded for five years was employed. Time series data and temporal variation analysis were done for all the sites. The spatial distribution analysis was carried out by interpolation of the data from the sites across the catchment using Inverse Distance Weight (IDW) method of the ArcGIS software.The temporal data analysis indicated higher solar radiation of greater than 5 kWh/m2/day during the dry months of September to May and in the range of 3–4 kWh/m2/day during the rainy season of June to August. The result of the analysis on spatial distribution of solar radiation showed 5%–7.5% variation with daily average solar radiation of 5.6 kWh/m2/day across the catchment. Areas in central part around Mekelle and southern part around Mayderhu site have relatively higher solar radiation.

Uwarunkowania cyrkulacyjne ilości całkowitego promieniowania słonecznego docierającego do powierzchni ziemi w Polsce w latach 1986–2015 = Atmospheric circulation determinants of the amount of global solar radiation reaching the land surface in Poland in the years 1986–2015

Solar radiation is a key element of the Earth’s climate system and one of the most important variables in the energy balance of the active surface. The inflow of radiant energy to the Earth’s surface depends on the movement (circulation) of the atmosphere and on the associated changes in the amount of aerosols contained in the atmosphere as well as on cloudiness changes (which reduce the inflow of radiation to the Earth’s surface through reflection, dispersion and absorption processes). In that context, the work detailed in this paper had as its main aim a determination of the influence of atmospheric circulation on the amount of global solar radiation reaching the land surface in Poland. The research was based on source material from 1986–2015, originating from meteorological reanalyses and satellite products. Global solar radiation was analysed based on data from CM SAF satellite products, while atmospheric circulation types were designated with the use of modified version of the Lityński’s classification. Mean daily sums of radiation during individual circulation types, during A, 0, C macrotypes and on days with advection from particular directions were presented. Also the spatial distribution of radiation over the area of Poland during individual circulation types was shown. In the analyses special attention was paid to days with extremely large sums of solar radiation (above the 0.95 percentile). The largest daily sums of solar radiation are connected with anticyclonic circulation types, and the smallest ones – with cyclonic types. The largest mean daily sum of solar radiation occurs during south-western anticyclonic circulation, which is related to the significantly expanded Azores High. The smallest daily sums of solar radiation occur during cyclonic types, with advection of air masses from the north and east – in spring during NWC type, in autumn during EC type, in summer and winter during NEC type. The spatial distribution of solar radiation daily sums over the territory of Poland also depends on the circulation type. For most of the year, the circulation types with the northern and eastern components (N-NE-E) are associated with the reduction of the amount of solar radiation from north to south, while the inflow of air masses from the S-SW-W directions favours the reduction of radiation from south to north. Extremely large sums of solar radiation occur most probably during anticyclonic types with advection of air masses from SW, S and SE, and during the advectionless circulation 0A (conditional probability 0.13, 0.13, 0.11 and 0.10 respectively). The paper also demonstrates that the circulation type (i.e. prevailing pressure system) has a greater influence on daily sums of global solar radiation over Poland than the direction of air masses advection. The research results show that atmospheric circulation plays a significant role in determining the amount of solar radiation reaching the land surface in Poland.

Mapping urban greenery to create the optimal cooling effect model against solar radiation under the conditions of a smart city

Abstract. Current climate changes on a global scale require an optimal estimate of heat transfer in a complex urban environment as a part of the requirements for optimal urban planning in the conditions of a smart city. Urban greenery has a considerable impact on the cooling of the urban environment during thermal waves. Sentinel-2 as an Earth observation mission developed by the European Space Agency as part of the Copernicus Programme to perform terrestrial observations in support of various services could become a potential means also for quantified assessment of different urban scenarios where vegetation plays an essential role. The Sentinel-2 data provide higher spatial and temporal resolution than other similar missions allow.The presented research study is aimed at exploiting the potential of Sentinel-2 in simulating the cooling effect of urban greenery as part of smart city mapping in assessing the quality of life of its inhabitants. The main objective of the research study is to define a methodical approach for spatial surface temperature modelling in selected urban areas based on the solar radiation modelling and parameterization of the land cover properties from the Sentinel-2 data. While solar irradiation can be accurately calculated at a fine scale using virtual 3D city models, it is difficult to find other important parameters for ground surface modelling such as surface thermal emissivity, broadband albedo and evapotranspiration. The research study was tested and verified in 4 sq. km urban area in the selected central parts of the city of Košice in Slovakia (Figure 1). For a detailed survey, four sites (site 1 – Moyzesova Street, site 2 – Historical centre, site 3 – City park, site 4 – Hvozdíkov park) were chosen in the central city area. The virtual 3D urban model was created from the airborne LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging, hereinafter referred to as the lidar) and photogrammetric data obtained in a single mission.The aim of the research study was to assess the feasibility of using virtual 3D city models and multispectral satellite images to approximate surface temperature dynamics by modelling of the spatial distribution of solar radiation and land surface characteristics in a complex urban environment. A time-series of the Sentinel-2 data was collected for comparison with the reference time series of the terrestrial lidar (TLS – Terrestrial Laser Scanning) data on urban greenery on four selected urban areas of the city of Košice. Between the vegetation metrics, the statistical linear relationship derived from the Sentinel-2 and TLS data was defined. Based on terrain mapping, a geobotanic database of urban trees was created. The algorithmic structure of a toolbox for the land surface temperature modelling in the open-source GRASS GIS was developed based on the Stefan-Boltzmann law and Kirchhoff rule.This research study has highlighted how the Sentinel-2 data can be used to estimate of the broad-band albedo, surface emission, and solar transmittance to the vegetation of urban greenery. The main benefit of the research study is the developed algorithm for estimation of the land surface temperature in a GIS environment that provides a unique platform for integrating different types of data-sets to become usable in urban planning and for exploitation of the Sentinel-2 data in mitigation of a negative impact of the urban extreme heat islands on the quality of life of inhabitants. The resulting LST (Land Surface Temperature) was calculated for four scenarios using the detail of the study area of the site 1 (Figure 2) and whole study are (Figure 3) demonstrate. These figures also show the cooling effect of urban trees and shrubs.

Modeling the spatial distribution of Global Solar Radiation (GSR) over Ghana using the Ångström-Prescott sunshine duration model

Abstract Solar radiation is an important geological and meteorological parameter. In most developing countries, data is readily unavailable owing to lack of instrumentation and skilled personnel. In this study, Global solar radiation (GSR) over Ghana has been quantified using the Angstrom–Prescott sunshine model with sunshine duration data from 22 synoptic stations distributed across the country's ecological zones. The simulated data was gridded at 10 km by 10 km, establishing the spatial distribution of solar radiation over the country. Comparison with satellite data showed good results with root mean square error (RMSE) values of 1–5 MJm−2day−1 and correlation coefficient of 60 - 66%. Meanwhile, the estimated total GSR over the country was found to be 412.82 MJm−2day−1. The savanna zone had the maximum estimated total monthly mean GSR for the year, with the highest value of 20.76 MJm−2day−1 in Navrongo. The forest zone had the minimum estimated total annual mean GSR, with the lowest radiation level in Oda (17.11 MJm−2day−1). A maximum and minimum mean clearness index of 0.59 and 0.48 respectively are estimated, implying that about 53% of solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere reaches the study area after attenuation. The satellite data has a total monthly mean horizontal Global Solar irradiance of 366.62 MJm−2day−1. The study shows that the region is a potential field to harness and optimize solar energy for the operation of photovoltaic systems and solar collectors for industrial and domestic applications.

Spatial Assessment of Solar Radiation by Machine Learning and Deep Neural Network Models Using Data Provided by the COMS MI Geostationary Satellite: A Case Study in South Korea.

Although data-driven methods including deep neural network (DNN) were introduced, there was not enough assessment about spatial characteristics when using limited ground observation as reference. This work aimed to interpret the feasibility of several machine learning approaches to assess the spatial distribution of solar radiation on Earth based on the Communication, Ocean, and Meteorological Satellite (COMS) Meteorological Imager (MI) geostationary satellite. Four data-driven models were selected (artificial neural network (ANN), random forest (RF), support vector regression (SVR), and DNN), to compare their accuracy and spatial estimating performance. Moreover, we used a physical model to probe the ability of data-driven methods, implementing hold-out and k-fold cross-validation approaches based on pyranometers located in South Korea. The results of analysis showed the RF had the highest accuracy in predicting performance, although the difference between RF and the second-best technique (DNN) was insignificant. Temporal variations in root mean square error (RMSE) were dependent on the number of data samples, while the physical model showed relatively less sensitivity. Nevertheless, DNN and RF showed less variability in RMSE than the others. To examine spatial estimation performance, we mapped solar radiation over South Korea for each model. The data-driven models accurately simulated the observed cloud pattern spatially, whereas the physical model failed to do because of cloud mask errors. These exhibited different spatial retrieval performances according to their own training approaches. Overall analysis showed that deeper layers of networks approaches (RF and DNN), could best simulate the challenging spatial pattern of thin clouds when using satellite multispectral data.

A GIS Open Source Software application for mapping solar energy resources in urban areas

This paper presents the development of an open source geographical information system (GIS) software module for mapping solar energy resources for urban areas. The main goal of this work is to demonstrate the potential use of the r.sun module, a component of GRASS software, in calculating real solar radiation for urban areas. Modelling of the spatial distribution of solar radiation is one of the program functions. The r.sun module is dedicated for that purpose; however, it can only generate the spatial distribution of potential solar radiation. To get the real solar radiation maps it is advisable to use meteorological data, that describe diminution of solar radiation caused by cloud cover. In order to facilitate the generation of maps a GRASS source code modification was made. As a result, the r.sun module used in this work generates the real spatial distribution of solar radiation. The results are shown to be comparable with solar radiation satellite data obtained from the HelioClim project.

HIGH-RESOLUTION URBAN GREENERY MAPPING FOR MICRO-CLIMATE MODELLING BASED ON 3D CITY MODELS

Abstract. Urban greenery has various positive micro-climate effects including mitigation of heat islands. The primary root of heat islands in cities is in absorption of solar radiation by the mass of building structures, roads and other solid materials. The absorbed heat is subsequently re-radiated into the surroundings and increases ambient temperatures. The vegetation can stop and absorb most of incoming solar radiation mostly via the photosynthesis and evapotranspiration process. However, vegetation in mild climate of Europe manifests considerable annual seasonality which can also contribute to the seasonal change in the cooling effect of the vegetation on the urban climate. Modern methods of high-resolution mapping and new generations of sensors have brought opportunity to record the dynamics of urban greenery in a high resolution in spatial, spectral, and temporal domains. In this paper, we use the case study of the city of Košice in Eastern Slovakia to demonstrate the methodology of 3D mapping and modelling the urban greenery during one vegetation season in 2016. The purpose of this monitoring is to capture 3D effects of urban greenery on spatial distribution of solar radiation in urban environment. Terrestrial laser scanning was conducted on four selected sites within Košice in ultra-high spatial resolution. The entire study area, which included these four smaller sites, comprised 4 km2 of the central part of the city was flown within a single airborne lidar and photogrammetric mission to capture the upper parts of buildings and vegetation. The acquired airborne data were used to generate a 3D city model and the time series of terrestrial lidar data were integrated with the 3D city model. The results show that the terrestrial and airborne laser scanning techniques can be effectively used to monitor seasonal changes in foliage of trees in order to assess the transmissivity of the canopy for microclimate modelling.

Generate real total radiation spatial distribution of solar radiation using cloud mask algorithm

Generate real total radiation spatial distribution of solar radiation using cloud mask algorithm

Solar radiation as a global driver of hillslope asymmetry: Insights from an ecogeomorphic landscape evolution model

AbstractObservations at the field, catchment, and continental scales across a range of arid and semiarid climates and latitudes reveal aspect‐controlled patterns in soil properties, vegetation types, ecohydrologic fluxes, and hillslope morphology. Although the global distribution of solar radiation on earth's surface and its implications on vegetation dynamics are well documented, we know little about how variation of solar radiation across latitudes influence landscape evolution and resulting geomorphic difference. Here, we used a landscape evolution model that couples the continuity equations for water, sediment, and aboveground vegetation biomass at each model element in order to explore the controls of latitude and mean annual precipitation (MAP) on the development of hillslope asymmetry (HA). In our model, asymmetric hillslopes emerged from the competition between soil creep and vegetation‐modulated fluvial transport, driven by spatial distribution of solar radiation. Latitude was a primary driver of HA because of its effects on the global distribution of solar radiation. In the Northern Hemisphere, north‐facing slopes (NFS), which support more vegetation cover and have lower transport efficiency, get steeper toward the North Pole while south‐facing slopes (SFS) get gentler. In the Southern Hemisphere, the patterns are reversed and SFS get steeper toward the South Pole. For any given latitude, MAP is found to have minor control on HA. Our results underscore the potential influence of solar radiation as a global control on the development of asymmetric hillslopes in fluvial landscapes.

A new approach to estimate the spatial distribution of solar radiation using topographic factor and sunshine duration in South Korea

Solar radiation is one of the important renewable resources, currently scientists are taking their interest in. Accurate solar radiation data is not only required for solar-power management but also is a vital input parameter in different biogeochemical and atmospheric models. But there are inadequate number of stations measuring solar radiation in comparison to stations dedicated for sunshine duration, temperature, humidity etc. Therefore, to overcome this problem, an empirical model is developed to estimate solar radiation from sunshine duration data over South Korea. As more than 50% of the area in Korean peninsula have a complex terrain, a topographical factor is applied to modeled data. Thereafter a map presenting monthly mean variation in incoming solar insolation is constructed using ordinary kriging method. The influence of topographical features like slope and aspect is found to be higher in winter than summer. Solar radiation is highest in May and lowest in December over Korea. Spatial variation of incoming radiation is mainly influenced by topographical and atmospheric features whereas latitudinal gradient is almost insignificant.

Estimating the daily global solar radiation spatial distribution from diurnal temperature ranges over the Tibetan Plateau in China

Daily global solar radiation is fundamental to most ecological and biophysical processes because it plays a key role in the local and global energy budget. However, gridded information about the spatial distribution of solar radiation is limited. This study aims to parameterise the Bristow–Campbell model for the daily global solar radiation estimation in the Tibetan Plateau and propose a method to rasterise the daily global solar radiation. Observed daily solar radiation and diurnal temperature data from eleven stations over the Tibetan Plateau during 1971–2010 were used to calibrate and validate the Bristow–Campbell radiation model. The extra-terrestrial radiation and clear sky atmospheric transmittance were calculated on a Geographic Information System (GIS) platform. Results show that the Bristow–Campbell model performs well after adjusting the parameters, the average Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r), Nash–Sutcliffe equation (NSE), ratio of the root mean square error to the standard deviation of measured data (RSR), and root mean-square error (RMSE) of 11 stations are 0.85, 2.81MJm−2day−1, 0.3 and 0.77 respectively. Gridded maximum and minimum average temperature data were obtained using Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) and validated by the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN) stations’ data. The spatial daily global solar radiation distribution pattern was estimated and analysed by combining the solar radiation model (Bristow–Campbell model) and meteorological interpolation model (PRISM). Based on the overall results, it can be concluded that a calibrated Bristow–Campbell performs well for the Tibetan Plateau and can provide reasonably accurate global solar radiation estimates. The Bristow–Campbell radiation model coupled with the PRISM is effective in rasterising global solar radiation.

Spatial distribution of solar radiation considering atmospheric conditions and its effects on glaciermelt

Spatial distribution of solar radiation considering atmospheric conditions and its effects on glaciermelt

Modelling Vegetation Patterns in Semiarid Environments

The aim of this work is to deepen our understanding on the mutual relationship between climate, vegetation and soil water budget within an ecohydrological framework. To this end a coupled hydrological/ecological model is adopted to describe simultaneously soil water budget and vegetation pattern evolution in a semiarid river basin in New Mexico (USA). This basin represents an ideal area to study the properties of water-controlled ecosystems. Analyses have been carried out using a recently formulated framework for the water balance at the daily level linked with a vegetation model for the description of the spatial organization of vegetation. Using this approach, we identified the dynamic water stress of vegetation during the growing season, taking into account effects of morphology on the spatial distribution of solar radiation and the initial soil moisture condition at the beginning of the growing season. Several different variants of the vegetation model have been tested with the aim to identify the main drivers for the spatial organization of the vegetation. Results clearly show that the observed vegetation patterns emerge from the minimization of water stress and the maximization of water use.

The method of assessment of solar potential for selected area with use Geographical Information Systems

This paper describes a method for analyse the spatial distribution of solar energy potential based on calculated solar irradiation with use of GIS (Geographical Information System). Program GIS GRASS gives opportunity to create spatial distribution of solar radiation which is taking into account such important elements like: terrain, atmosphere, pollutants, water and aerosol in atmosphere, clouds. The use of GIS GRASS module – named r.sun gives opportunity to generate spatial distribution of solar radiation on Lower Silesia (south – west part of Poland). In this work the analyse of solar potential to obtain hot water in the individual household were done. This analyse was based on the amount of total solar radiation monthly sums generated by r.sun module. Spatial distribution of solar potential was used to classify the Lower Silesia region in terms of work efficiency solar installations. It is very usefully because it gives people information about the date of the return of the funds invested in the purchase of the solar collectors.

The spatial distribution of solar radiation under a melting Arctic sea ice cover

[1] The sea ice cover of the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas is currently undergoing a fundamental shift from multiyear ice to first-year ice. Field observations of sea ice physical and optical properties were collected in this region during June–July 2010, revealing unexpectedly complex spatial distributions of solar radiation under the melt-season ice cover. Based on our optical measurements of first-year ice, we found the under-ice light field in the upper ocean to be spatially heterogeneous and dependent on wavelength, ice thickness, and the areal and geometric distribution of melt ponded and bare ice surfaces. Much of the observed complexity in radiation fields arose because the transmission of light through ponded ice was generally an order of magnitude greater than through bare, unponded ice. Furthermore, while many sites exhibited a consistent, exponential decay in light transmission through both ponded and bare ice surfaces, light transmission under bare ice was also observed to increase with depth (reaching maximum values ∼5–10 m below the bottom of the ice). A simple geometric model shows these transmission peaks are a result of scattering in the ice and the interspersion of bare and ponded sea ice surfaces. These new observations of complex radiation fields beneath melt-season first-year sea ice have significant implications for biological production, biogeochemical processes, and the heat balance of sea ice and under-ice ocean waters and should be carefully considered when modeling these sea ice-related phenomena.

일사 관측 자료에 의한 남한의 태양복사 시공간 분포

이 연구는 남한지역의 시 공간 태양복사 분포를 분석하는 것이다. 2000년 1월부터 2007년 8월 까지 1분 간격으로 저장된 기상청 관할 22개 관측소의 전천일사 관측자료를 이용하였다. 수집한 일사량 관측자료는 시간에 대하여 변화하는 일사계 감도정수에 대한 불확실성을 제거하기 위하여 비교관측 결과와 태양복사 모델을 이용하여 보정을 하였다. 보정을 수행하기 위하여 강릉대학교 전천일사계를 22개 관측소의 일사계와 2007년 8월 동안 비교 관측을 하였다. 과거자료는 맑은 날에 대하여 태양복사 모형을 이용하여 시간에 대해 감소하는 일사계의 감도정수를 토대로 보정하였다. 모든 지점 및 모든 기간에 대한 평균은 13.31 MJ/day이며 보정을 통하여 13.75 MJ/day가 되어 0.44 MJ/day의 차이가 나타났다. 보정된 자료로 계절평균 및 연평균 태양복사 분포를 계산하였으며 전운량, 오존전량, 에어로솔 광학 두께, 지표면 알베도, 가강수량과 관계성을 분석하였다. 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 전운량 자료를 보정된 자료와 비교한 결과 과거(원시)자료보다 일관성이 더 높게 나타났다. This study is to analyze the temporal and spatial distributions of solar radiation in South Korea. Solar radiation data is observed every minute at 22 KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration) stations using pyranometer from January 2000 to August 2007. These data were calibrated using intensive comparative observation and solar radiation model. Intensive comparative observations are accomplished at 22 KMA stations between KNU (Kangnung (Gangneung-Wonju) National University) standard and station instruments during the month of August 2007. The solar radiation of a clear sky mainly is affected by precipitable water, solar altitude and geological height. Also old (raw) data is corrected by the solar radiation model only about clear day and is revised based on the temporal trend of instrument's sensitivity decrease. At all periods and all stations, differences between raw data (13.31 MJ/day) and corrected data (13.75 MJ/day) are 0.44 MJ/ day. So, the spatial distribution of solar radiation is calculated with seasonal and annual mean, and is the relationship with cloud amount is analyzed. The corrected data show a better consistency with the cloud amount than the old data.