Spatial Development Of Russia Research Articles

Geopolitical Aspects of Demographic Processes: Development of Scientific Ideas of L. L. Rybakovsky

Demographic processes play a key role in the formation of the geopolitical picture of the world. Population size, its age structure, growth rates and migration flows have a significant impact on the economic power of states, their military potential and their ability to project power in the international arena. This article examines contemporary and historical views on the significance of demographic factors in the geopolitical competition of countries and the measurement of a state's national power. The study covers both contemporary and historical aspects of the issue. The paper provides a systematic review of the evolution of scientific views on the significance of demographic factors in the geopolitical context. Particular attention is paid to modern methodological approaches to measuring the national power of a state considering demographic indicators. The article offers a critical analysis of existing models for assessing geopolitical influence based on demographic factors and considers their applicability in the context of global demographic transformations. The study also addresses topical issues of the impact of demographic trends on the geopolitical strategies of states in the 21st century, including the problems of population aging, migration processes and demographic imbalances between developed and developing countries. Special attention is paid to the analysis of geopolitical aspects of demographic processes in the works of the outstanding Russian demographer L.L.Rybakovsky. The paper considers the key concepts of the scientist, including demographic security, the geopolitical significance of migration processes, the relationship between demography and spatial development of Russia, as well as the role of demographic policy as an instrument of geopolitical influence.

Natural and Regulative-Imperative in the Spatial Development of Russia

Organic spatial development is possible under the condition of a reasonable combination of naturalness and regulation of spatially conditioned processes and phenomena. In different periods, the ratio of these principles is different. In Soviet times, spatial development was absolutely dominated by comprehensive directive state planning and management. In the 1990s of post-Soviet reforms, there was a sharp turn towards immoderate and spontaneous decentralization of the spatial organization of life. In the 2000s, counter-reforms began a rapid return to the strengthening of state regulation in this area, which in many respects turned out to be excessive in terms of tasks and costs and unjustified in expectations. The meaning and content, tools and planned results of the current state policy of spatial development are concentrated in the “Strategy of Spatial Development of the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2025”, which claims to be a doctrinal document of modern regional policy. Its development and adoption were accompanied by a multitude of expert comments – from unconditionally apologetic to acutely critical. As the deadline for the end of the strategy approaches, a comprehensive assessment of its effectiveness and effectiveness becomes relevant, especially in connection with the preparation of a new strategy until 2030. The authors see the cornerstone drawback of the current strategy in ignoring the systemic nature of the spatial organization of society, which should be interpreted as an anthropogenic megasystem with its inherent systemic features of integrity, structural organization, direct and reverse connections, with a powerful potential for natural self-organization and selfdevelopment, supplemented in the special transitional conditions of post-Soviet spatial transformations by the regulatory influence on them from the outside State. The authors also emphasize that due to the unprecedented post-Soviet transitional spatial realities, it is impossible to count on diligent study and direct borrowing of foreign experience, due to its inadequacy of the modern Russian situation.

Казанская агломерация в системе пространственного развития России

Urban agglomeration, depending on the stage of development, plays a key role in the system of spatial development in Russia. The Kazan agglomeration is a monocentric post-industrial agglomeration, including the cities of Kazan and Zelenodolsk, Vysokogorsky, Pestrechinsky, Laishevsky, and Verkhneuslonsky municipal districts located within an hour’s transport accessibility from the central communication center, i.e., Kazan. According to the 2030 Development Strategy, Kazan should have a high-quality transport and communication system that ensures the accessibility of transport within a certain time frame. Today, Kazan is a major tourist and cultural center, as well as a center for scientific and technical development. The Kazan agglomeration has a developed social infrastructure. Modern medical and educational institutions are actively functioning here, providing high-quality services to the population. The cultural sphere is also at a high level. The city of Kazan is famous for its museums, theaters, and architectural monuments, which attract tourists and people of different cultures. The economic potential of the Kazan agglomeration reflects its importance and role in the development of the Russian economy. The territory of the agglomeration has actively developing industries, especially automotive, chemical, manufacturing, and construction ones. The agglomeration is also a major scientific and educational center, which attracts innovations to the region and develops them. The Kazan agglomeration is a powerful engine of Russia’s development, actively introducing innovations, developing production, and providing favorable conditions for the life and work of its residents. Due to its diverse development, the Kazan agglomeration deserves to be considered one of the key factors in the spatial development of Russia. The key role of the Kazan urban agglomeration in the spatial development of the Russian Federation is the smart economy.

Spatial Development of Russia under the Conditions of External and Internal Challenges

Spatial Development of Russia under the Conditions of External and Internal Challenges

РОЛЬ РАЗВИТИЯ СЕЛЬСКИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ В ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОМ РАЗВИТИИ СТРАНЫ

The development of rural areas in the spatial development of the country certainly plays an important role. The spatial development of Russia is aimed at reducing interregional differences in the level and quality of life of the population, increasing the stability of the state system through the economic and social development of cities and rural areas. Rural areas are huge, sparsely populated areas at the moment, they should be focused not only on the economic growth of the country at their expense, but primarily on a person who lives and works in rural areas. The development and implementation of state projects for the development of rural areas can contribute to the spatial development of the country.

БАЗОВЫЕ НАУЧНЫЕ КАТЕГОРИИ ПОНЯТИЙНО-КАТЕГОРИАЛЬНОЙ ПЛАТФОРМЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РОССИИ И ЕЕ РЕГИОНОВ (ЧАСТЬ II)

The article presents the results of substantiation of the most important, in the authors’ opinion, basic provisions of the conceptual and categorical platform for studies of spatial development of large socio-economic systems in terms of proposals on the composition and content of the basic scientific concepts. A number of scientific concepts used in spatial studies are considered. In them, individual objects and processes of some classes are distinguished according to common characteristics, which in the aggregate are specific to this class. The important groups of concepts include concepts that characterize the socio-economic system as a scientific category, socium, quality of life of the population, spatial development, external natural environment. Proposals for the content of the following most important provisions (one from each group) are substantiated: systems description typology, goal-setting of spatial development, management of spatial development, optimization of spatial development of the economy. The presented proposals of an axiological and methodological nature about scientific basic concepts can be used in the development of a conceptual and categorical platform of researching the spatial development of Russia and its regions.

Impact of Small and Medium Entrepreneurship on the Spatial Development of Russia

The relevance of the topic is due to the pronounced weakness of the influence of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) on the spatial development of the country. The purpose of the article is to advance in the systematization of the functions of SMEs in the spatial development of our country, to systematize the causes of weakness in the implementation of these functions. The most important of the reasons is due to the fact that the system of SME support created in Russia is inadequate to the needs of this sphere. This is confirmed by the fact that in a number of Russian regions, and in the country as a whole, since 2017, there has been a decrease in the number of people employed both in small (the main group of SME employment) and in medium-sized businesses. The decline is taking place against the background of a significant increase in financial volumes and an expansion of the organizational diversity of support for SMEs. The novelty of the article is the advancement in the systematization of assessments of the implementation of the potential functions of SMEs in the spatial development of Russia; assessment of the spatial dynamics of small and medium-sized businesses in recent years in terms of employment parameters from the point of view of the ability of SMEs to really influence the development of territories; assessment of the state and effectiveness of state support for SMEs at the federal and regional levels; analysis of the relationship between the real possibilities of SMEs and the structure of the Russian economy. As the reasons for the weak influence of SMEs on the development of regions, it was noted that large monopolistic enterprises do not need cooperation with SMEs. In the process of choosing measures and directions of support for SMEs, the position of officials-actors, often irrational, dominates. In the current Russian system of fiscal federalism, regional authorities have little interest in promoting the development of SMEs on their territory.

Влияние межтерриториальной связанности на развитие экономического пространства регионов

Spatial organisation of the regional economy and spatial development of Russia have been actively discussed in the academic community. However, this discussion did not resolve the issues concerning the characteristics of spatial economic systems and the impact of inter-territorial cohesion on regional economic space. The study examines intra-regional cohesion of economic spaces as the interdependence of economic growth parameters observed in municipalities. Additionally, types of cohesion differently affecting economic growth in various intra-regional local zones are identified. Assessment of intra-regional cohesion based on data from municipalities of single-industry regions (Krasnoyarsk krai, Vologda, Lipetsk and Chelyabinsk oblasts) for the period 2017–2019 revealed three types of territories. First are municipalities characterised by the interdependent growth, positive agglomeration effects and the ability to integrate into value chains. Territories known for passionate development, producing independent economic growth, are able to strengthen their own economic opportunities and absorb the neighbouring potential. Sub-passionate development is characteristic for municipalities that, despite the positive production dynamics in neighbouring territories, cannot produce independent economic growth; their spatial and economic relations with other municipal formations are insufficient. The research results show that municipalities characterised by passionate development demonstrate higher growth rates of the real volume of produced and shipped goods and the real investment. Such parameters indicate the current leading positions of these territories, as well as the availability of opportunities for sustainable progressive development. Based on comparative analysis of zones with different growth types and agglomeration formations in single-industry regions, the study distinguish passionate, mutually reinforcing and mixed models of agglomerated spaces. It was proposed to determine the priorities of agglomeration policies in accordance with the types of inter-territorial cohesion. The findings can be used by government bodies for strategic management of regional spatial development. The obtained results determine the prospects for analysing other parameters of inter-territorial cohesion and assessing its impact on spatial economic development.

Экономическая модель эффективности крестьянских (фермерских) хозяйств в пространственном развитии России

The article presents an analysis of the participation of peasant (farmer) farms in the rural economy, and hence in the spatial development of Russia. The article identifies and groups the main problems reflected in the Spatial Development Strategy of Russia that hinder the positive dynamics of the development of the social sphere, depending on the impact of the efficiency of the farming sector on their solution. Using the methods of economic and statistical evaluation of the dynamics series over 30 years and extrapolation of the trends obtained for individual production indicators, the authors proved that the participation of farm owners in the production of agricultural products will increase in the near future, which will ensure employment and income growth in rural areas. At the same time, the efficiency of farming is not yet adequate to its potential. Based on the analysis, the authors have developed proposals to improve the basic characteristics of the economic model of effective farming: number, concentration, specialization, resource provision, participation in the process of cooperation, profitability. Particular attention is paid to the review of the directions of diversification of farming activities due to its non-agricultural types, the participation of farm owners in solving social problems of rural areas and the development of rural infrastructure.

Spatial development of Russia and international transport corridors

The article analyses the current system of transportation, which is mainly focused on raw material exports. The structure of Russian railways transportation and the volume of raw material supplies to China have been discussed. It is noted that the coming decades will bring a reduction in hydrocarbon power generation and a transition to a green economy, which will inevitably reduce global demand for Russian hydrocarbons. Plans for the development of Russian transport systems and their place in international transport corridors, risks and limitations of major transport flows through the Suez Canal and the Northern Sea Route have been presented. We propose to consider opportunities to optimise freight traffic and reduce the cost of new transport construction, primarily by reducing empty runs and reducing international transport competition.

Spatial development of Russia: the role of its Asian regions

We analysed the balance of environmental, social and economic development of the regions of Asian Russia, assessing the level of adjusted net savings. Using the selected indicators and the assessment of natural, social and production capital values, the typology of territorial production and resource structures of the regions of Asian Russia has been created. Based on the k-means method, using ‘Statistica 12’ software, the clustering and structural zoning by the ratio of natural, productive and human capital in the regions of Asian Russia was carried out.

State regulation of rural development in the context of the implementation of regional development programs

Abstract. The goal. The research is aimed at studying the role of rural areas from the perspective of the implementation of regional development programs in the process of state regulation. Methods. In the course of the study, methods of observation, abstraction, analysis and synthesis were used. The conceptual foundations of state regulation of rural development through the implementation of state programs in the period of a sustainable process of urbanization, in the conditions of a post-industrial (information) society are described. Results and practical significance. In the study presented by the author, from the position of state regulation carried out by implementing the relevant tasks of state development programs, a scientific assessment of the modern role of rural territories in the socio-economic and spatial development of Russia is given. The author's position on the issue of the conceptual foundations of the processes of rural development in relation to the current development programs is given. The importance of infrastructural support of connections between rural territories and agglomerations to reduce the «economic distance» between them is reflected. The scientific novelty of the study. The results of the study of the role of rural territories from the perspective of state regulation processes are presented. An updated idea of the position of rural territories at the present stage of socio-economic and spatial development of the regions of Russia is given.

Socio-economic development of municipalities within urban agglomerations

The author studies the problems of socio-economic development of municipalities included in the conditional boundaries of urban agglomerations. When developing the foundations of the state policy of the Russian Federation for the development of local self-government, these issues come to the fore. Their solution is the key to the successful achievement of the goals of national projects and strategic objectives of the spatial development of Russia. The article considers models of management of urban agglomerations, generalizes regional experience on the use of mechanisms of socio-economic development of municipalities within agglomerations, identifies tools that contribute to the integrated development of agglomerations and obstacles that prevent it, substantiates the need to improve federal regulation of the formation and development of agglomerations, preferably in the form of a federal law.

ECONOMIC CONDITIONS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INTERMUNICIPAL PROJECT "AEROTROPOLIS TOLMACHEVO"

The paper gives a characteristic of a complex project for the development of the territory of Aerotropolis Tolmachevo, provides forecast estimates of the necessary capital expenditures for its implementation. The aim of the study is to determine the economic conditions that ensure the development of the territory around the Tolmachevo airport in the city of Novosibirsk and its social well-being, taking into account the provisions of the program of reindustrialization of the economy of the Novosibirsk region for the period up to 2025. In the course of the study, a systematic approach, comparative analysis, analysis of capital investments and the most important economic indicators were used. For these purposes the author used model calculations, methods of regression analysis and forecasting. In solving the tasks set in the study, economic and mathematical, statistical and balance methods are used. In the course of the study, the advantages of placing business facilities in the airport zone for the main economic entities were identified The assessment of capital investments in the Tolmachevo Aerotropolis zone for the periods 2018-2023 and 2024-2037 in housing, in objects of engineering, transport, social infrastructure and in commercial projects was made. It is revealed that the implementation of investment projects will provide a significant rise in the economic potential of the territory, an assessment of the most important economic indicators of the Aerotropolis zone is given. The paper substantiates the competitive advantages of the potential of Tolmachevo airport as an international air hub serving transit cargo and passenger traffic in front of the following airports Koltsovo (Yekaterinburg), Nursultan Nazarbayev (Astana), Almaty. The most important conditions for the implementation of the project have been formulated. It is concluded that the implementation of the complex project Aerotropolis Tolmachevo will become an important step in the spatial development of Russia, cementing its economic space and increasing its competitive position in the world economy.

ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ СТРАТЕГИЙ СОЦИАЛЬНО- ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО И ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РОССИИ НА ОСНОВЕ СОЗДАНИЯ СИСТЕМЫ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ПЛАНИРОВАНИЯ

The article deals with the strategy of socio-economic and spatial development of Russia. The article analyzes the economic situation of the regions in 2020-2021, provides a comprehensive assessment of the spatial development and economy of municipalities. The transformation of territorial formations against the background of the development of the intra-national space is evaluated. It is proposed to create a system of national (indicative) planning.

БАЗОВЫЕ НАУЧНЫЕ КАТЕГОРИИ ПОНЯТИЙНО-КАТЕГОРИАЛЬНОЙ ПЛАТФОРМЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РОССИИ И ЕЕ РЕГИОНОВ (ЧАСТЬ 1)

The article presents the results of justification of the most important, in the authors’ opinion, basic scientific categories of the conceptual and categorical platform for research on the spatial development of large socio-economic systems. Among them, scientific categories such as the global hierarchy of socio-economic systems, the trinity of structural elements, the internal environment of systems and the economic space are highlighted. The role and place of these categories in modern studies of spatial transformations are substantiated. Particular attention is paid to such a relatively new category as the internal environment of socio-economic systems. t is shown that the internal environment is essentially the only tool for governing bodies to influence socium in order to initiate the spatial development of Russia and its regions. It has been argued that economic space has a dual manifestation. It is a property of material systems on the one hand and an immaterial object on the other. It is not correct to treat it as a management object. The proposed axiological and methodological framework can be a starting set for a future conceptual and categorical platform.

SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIA: STUDY ANALYSIS AND PROSPECTS

Objective: it is supposed to characterize the main directions of research in the field of spatial development of Russia at the present stage, aimed at identifying problems and opportunities in this area; correlating the provisions of theoretical discourse and official documents of the Russian Federation; substantiating the ways of further spatial development of Russia. Model: The study is based on a comprehensive approach to understanding the Russian space and the spatial development of the country, with an emphasis on the combination of factors of “internal geopolitics” and the external environment. The concepts of “multiplication and delocalization of risks”, “identity policy vacuum”, “security vulnerabilities” and some others are taken into account, which allow us to form a holistic view of their essence and dynamics. Conclusions: there are similarities and differences in the theoretical discourse and official documents of the Russian Federation, the main trends and probable prospects for the spatial development of the country. The danger of negative or conservative scenarios is emphasized due to the remaining vulnerabilities in various spatial fields and segments, in the political and managerial plane, as well as risks of external origin. The article shows the trend of increasing complexity of spatial organization and composition of Russia in conjunction with the diversification of vectors of identity relations. Practical significance and scope of the research: the results obtained can be applied in the field of theoretical development of problems of spatial development, identity policy, in expert support of the process of forming and implementing political decisions, in the areas of national, integration and foreign policy of the Russian Federation. Originality/value. This work is intended for specialists who study the problems of improving political governance mechanisms, Central-regional and interregional relations, and ensuring the national security of the Russian Federation.

Постиндустриальные факторы развития Дальнего Востока России

<span>Достижение опережающего среднероссийские показатели социально-экономического развития в Дальневосточном макрорегионе одновременно с приростом численности населения предполагает изменение существующей модели экономического роста, опирающейся на увеличение добычи сырья и энергоресурсов. Добывающий сектор является основным в доиндустриальном обществе и не способен сформировать структуру занятости населения и институты постиндустриального общества, привлекательные для проживания значительных масс населения. Между тем инновационные высокотехнологичные центры, составляющие экономическую основу постиндустриального общества, имеют высокую миграционную привлекательность. Их развитие может внести необходимые положительные изменения в структуру воспроизводства и динамику населения регионов Дальнего Востока. Инструментом формирования инновационной экономики в макрорегионе может стать концепция Региональной инновационной системы, являющаяся современным представлением концепции полюсов роста, положенной в основу принятой Стратегии пространственного развития России. Практическое применение модели инновационного развития региона осуществляется в Приморском и Хабаровском краях и Республике Саха (Якутия).</span>

The North and the Integration of Socio-Economic Spaces: an Example in the Russian Northwest

The paper examines some issues of the spatial development of Russia: recovery of large economic regions in the public administration system and combining their status with the functions of Federal districts; identifying subregions, associations of adjacent regions (territories, republics and autonomous districts), as new spatial planning units; industrial, technological, and socio-economic integration of the Arctic and northern regions with their southern neighbors.

Spatial Development of Russia and the USA in the 16-20th centuries as formation of the major unit of geopolitical constructs of modernity

The article considers the spatial development of Russia and the United States and their geopolitical relations in the 17-20th centuries. It is noted that the movement of Russia to the east and the United States to the west occurred nearly simultaneously and led them to their territorial rapprochement on the shores of the Pacific Ocean. The spatial development issues that were resolved during this process became milestones in the formation of the geopolitical structures of our time, and are of great importance for the fate of not only both countries, but also the world. It is stated that during the entire period under review, up to the end of the 1980s, territorial relations between them were the most stable component.