Spanish Trail Research Articles

Review: The Old Spanish Trail Auto Highway Archive and Map

Review: The Old Spanish Trail Auto Highway Archive and Map

Sugarcane Biomass, Dry Matter, and Sucrose Availability and Variability When Grown on a Bioenergy Feedstock Production Cycle

Sugarcane grows on over 170,000 ha in the state of Louisiana as part of a sugar industry that generates over $2 billion in annual economic impact. The multipurpose crop produces sugar, molasses, bagasse, boiler fly ash, filter press mud, water, and electricity. As a component of a theoretical bioenergy economy, bagasse and sugarcane itself may find a value-added niche as a renewable feedstock source. The objectives were to characterize yields of ‘Ho 02-113’ at two locations over 2 years and compare two harvest strategies, green-cane harvest (stalks-only), or complete biomass harvest (intact plants). The first- and second-ratoon crop and the plant-cane and first-ratoon crop were harvested monthly at the Ardoyne Farm or Spanish Trail, respectively. Total biomass yields of 120 Mg ha−1 and up to 35 Mg dry matter (DM) ha−1 at the Ardoyne Farm and total biomass > 140 Mg ha−1 and 50 Mg DM ha−1 at Spanish Trail were observed. Sucrose levels ranging from 2000 to 8000 kg ha−1 were recorded between August and September of each year. However, freezing conditions rapidly reduced sucrose levels from as high as 12,000 kg ha−1 to below detection limits within 60 days. Dry matter energy content of intact plants, stalks, and dry leaves was 17.0, 17.4, and 16.5 kJ g−1, respectively. The overall energy yields were 530 and 620 GJ ha−1 for the Ardoyne Farm and Spanish Trail, respectively. Results demonstrate that Ho 02-113 is a versatile feedstock and can meet sucrose and/or lignocellulosic feedstock needs in areas with temperate to subtropical temperatures.

Juan Rivera’s Colorado, 1765: The First Spaniards among the Ute and Paiute Indians on the Trails to Teguayo. By Steven G. Baker. Foreword and translation by Rick Hendricks

Thirty-one maps, sixteen black-and-white photos, twenty-five mostly archival sketches, fourteen color drawings and watercolors by Gail Sargent, and painstakingly careful attention to the narrative’s geographical descriptions in the lengthy commentary and short historiographical essays distinguish this coffee-table tome from previous transcriptions and translations. The historiographical essay, as well as portions of the commentary, re-revise a twenty-year-old “revisionist” interpretation that “led to the formation of a new and fake tradition of evidence rationalization” about Juan Rivera’s route and eventual terminus (p. 310). However, author Steven Baker also corrects erroneous assertions about Rivera himself, draws some surprising inferences about Tabeguache and Moache Utes’ mobility, and concludes that Rivera smoothed the path for the much better known Dominguez-Escalante-Garces expeditions of 1775–76. Taken together, descriptions in the journals from these and Rivera’s expeditions “constitute the most important early historical and ethnological data on the Native Americans of Colorado and Utah” (p.265). Rivera’s two trips in unsatisfactory pursuit of the people of Teguayo and their realms—arguably the multiply suggestive name for the place of origin of the Tewa Pueblo people—embedded fatigue and frustration but also mystery and apocryphy. The trips included a search for bearded men in buckskin, a quest for “silver nails” (p.99), pursuit of various elusive native guides and sages, and above all, a reconnaissance for the legendarily mighty “Rio Tizon” (p.66). In establishing trading relationships and opening the “diplomatic portal” for Spanish merchants to blaze the “Spanish Trail” (p. 39) along a pre-existing Ute and Paiute pathway, Rivera serendipitously investigated Pueblo ruins, provided useful impressions of Ute and Paiute life and socio-political organization, witnessed dramatic testimony of Utes’ relationships with Comanches, and quite possibly kept alive an oral historical tradition about intense conflict that Baker himself may have corroborated through archaeological excavation at Fremont more than two centuries later. One erroneous ethnographic misapprehension should be noted. Utes on the Delores River warned Rivera about the Cosninas. Baker notes that “ethnographers usually identify the Cosninas as Havasupai, a Southern Paiute-speaking people” (p. 129). Although indeed identified as such, the Havasupai are Yuman-speaking, not Paiute-speaking. Yuman languages are unrelated to the Utaztekan Ute and Paiute languages.

Vachel Lindsay at Gulf Park, 1923 to 1924

DAMON FRANKE University of Southern Mississippi Gulf Coast Vachel Lindsay at Gulf Park, 1923 to 1924 VACHEL LINDSAY (1879-1931) WAS ONE OF THE MOST FAMOUS POETS IN America when he taught at the Gulf Park College for Women on the Mississippi coast from 1923 to 1924.1 Seven years later he killed himself at fifty-two by drinking a bottle of Lysol after the Great Depression and new poetic fashion had ruined his livelihood. In Mississippi, he had the promise of a permanent income, and he was in love with a young student. The story of Lindsay’s unreciprocated love can be found, often obliquely, in various biographies, but they overlook that Lindsay’s ensuing year at Gulf Park as “poet-in-residence” was a desperate turning point in his career as he sought new creative forays into the study of cinema, the revision and expansion of his Collected Poems, and the cultivation of. “New Poetry” through his teaching. While the object of his affection may have kept him on the Mississippi coast and then compelled him to leave, the year on campus was also marked by outbursts of poetic energy that were alternately fulfilled and frustrated. When Lindsay arrived in Gulfport in January 1923, his poetry had already made him a celebrity. He had traveled much of small-town America by foot preaching what he called “The Gospel of Beauty” and seeking to instill the virtues of the Arts and Crafts movement into the lives of average people. He was a reform-minded traditionalist with a romantic and Luddite sensibility. “The Gospel of Beauty” was part of a longstanding progressive vision that he called the “Village Improvement Parade,” and amid this pageantry was a utopian belief in “The New Localism,” which would “make our home and neighborhood the most democratic, the most beautiful and the holiest in the world” (Gospel 16). In his grand vision for his life’s work, he wanted to a sing a song for each one of the United States as a paean for the commonwealth of the nation. Lindsay likened his early career to that of Johnny Appleseed, seeing 1 Gulf Park College for Women formally opened on September 28, 1921, and ran for fifty years until it became the Gulf Park Campus of the University of Southern Mississippi. The Spanish Colonial Revival architecture of the main buildings accentuates the landscape and history of the Old Spanish Trail on the Gulf Coast. For further information, see Elias. 434 Damon Franke himself as walking across America spreading the seeds of his verse in exchange for bed and bread. The prairie troubadour had tramped over 2,800 miles during the course of his walking tours in 1906, 1908, and 1912. Often his reputation for dramatic performance preceded him on subsequent whirlwind recital tours in which his notable vocalizations, his vitality, and his flair drew massive audiences. Edgar Lee Masters claims that over a million people had heard him speak (331). His recitation of his most famous poem, “The Congo” (1914), was a must-see and -hear. In an eyewitness report of a performance in Albuquerque in the early 1920s, Paul Horgan describes how Lindsay “became a total instrument” and “spent himself wholly” as he “waved his hands in the air for religious glory” and “beat the floor with full foot for his heavy accents” (567). When Harriet Monroe included his work in The New Poetry (1917), Lindsay’s cachet arguably reached its zenith. After the publication of the other significant poems, “General William Booth Enters Heaven” (1913) and “The Chinese Nightingale” (1915), his work was extolled as part of the burgeoning “Chicago School” alongside that ofCarlSandburgandEdgarLeeMasters. His celebrity statuscommanded newspapers announcing his recitals and documenting his new work. On February 1, 1922, Lindsay’s world changed dramatically with the death of his mother, Catharine. Her dominant personality teemed with both intellectual curiosity and religious fanaticism, and she had been Lindsay’s confidant, whom he devotedlystill sought to please as an adult. Dennis Camp stresses that Lindsay was an instrument of God in her eyes and that he was desolate with grief at the loss of the “most powerful personality” he had known (Ch.4, p...

“Overland to Los Angeles, by the Salt Lake Route in 1849,” by Judge Walter Van Dyke

Walter Van Dyke, a young lawyer, headed overland to the California gold rush in 1849 with a large party that started late, traveled through Salt Lake City and over the Old Spanish Trail, and finally arrived in Los Angeles after an eight-month odyssey. He gives his first-hand impressions of the limited opportunities Los Angeles offered in 1850 and credits California’s progress four decades later to American settlers like himself.

Dedicating the Cochrane Bridge: A Day of Triumph for Mobile's Elite

Dedicating the Cochrane Bridge: A Day of Triumph for Mobile’s Elite WITH THE OPENING OF THE COCHRANE BRIDGE and Causeway across Mobile Bay, 10½ miles long, one of the few remaining gaps in the Old Spanish Trail—the all year Atlantic to the Pacific highway will have been bridged. With the opening of this bridge, constructed at a cost of some two and a half million dollars, a continuous roadway is available from the East coast of Florida to Bay St. Louis, Miss.; and the completion of projects now under way in Mississippi and Louisiana, will afford a ferryless roadway between all the cities of the American Riviera, from Pensacola to New Orleans, and thence to the Pacific Coast.1 On June 14, 1927, the excitement of a throng from as many as ten states, who lined the new bridge and causeway from the city of Mobile to the Eastern Shore of Mobile Bay, was momentarily checked by a sudden cloudburst—just as Dixie Graves, wife of Alabama’s Governor Bibb Graves, prepared to swing a ribbon-festooned bottle against the E M M A J . B R O U S S A R D Emma J. Broussard received her PhD in 18th-Century English Literature at Northern Illinois University, writing a dissertation on the biographer James Boswell. Since her retirement from university teaching in 2003 she has been engaged in private research; this article is part of a larger project on the Old Spanish Trail. For their courteous assistance in providing material for this article, she wants to thank the staffs of the University of South Alabama Archives, the Minnie Mitchell Archives at Oakleigh, the Mobile Public Library, the Alabama Department of Archives and History, Brother Robert Wood, Archivist at the Blume Library of St. Mary’s University in San Antonio, and Vincent Calametti of ALDOT. An earlier version of the article was presented at the 58th annual meeting of the Alabama Historical Association in Montgomery on April 22, 2005. 1 Invitation to Bridge Opening Ceremonies, June 14, 1927, Katherine Crampton Cochrane Collection, University of South Alabama Archives, Mobile (hereafter cited as Cochrane Collection, USA). A P R I L 2 0 1 0 111 structure’s gleaming rail. The dignitaries assembled on the deck of the bridge’s central span retreated quickly to the shelter of a specially erected pavilion until the shower passed. Soon the rain stopped, the sun reappeared, and the crowd’s festive spirit was restored. The day’s notables—some in linen suits and straw boaters or soft-brimmed Panamas, along with their elegantly dressed wives, sporting short bobs under cloche hats and wearing fashionable, calf-length summer frocks and T-strapped pumps—once more took their places on the five-span, steel-truss Tensaw River bridge, and the ceremony continued . The ceremony eagerly awaited in Mobile on this day was the formal dedication of the first bridge across Mobile Bay. More than ten miles long and connecting Mobile with Baldwin County on the east side of the bay, the bridge consisted of two multiple-span, steel-truss bridges, one over the Mobile River just north of the city at Magazine Point and the other over the confluence of the Tensaw and Spanish rivers. Dredged earthen embankments from Blakeley Island—where the roadway ran from the first bridge down the length of the island— crossed the mouth of Polecat Bay to the Tensaw River bridge, and thence across Chocaloochee Bay to the concrete-trestled Apalachee Causeway and beyond that to Blakeley River and the Eastern Shore.2 Two days before the scheduled events, the dedication program was printed on the front page of the Mobile Register. But as with all prescheduled programs, this, too, was subject to the vagaries of nature and circumstance, with the principals in the scheduled ceremonies all rising good-naturedly to the changes. After the interruption of the passing shower, Gordon Smith, the master of ceremonies and a prominent member of the Mobile business elite, remarked that “part of the program was the christening of the bridge, but that the Almighty intervened and christened it in His own way.” At his signal, 2 This description appears...

Soil gases (222Rn, 220Rn and total radon) and 214Bi measurements across El Avila fault near Caracas, Venezuela

Radon measurements were performed across two sections of the Avila fault near Caracas, Venezuela. The radon concentrations clearly showed the different tectonic features and lithology at the Tacamahaca and Spanish Trail sites. 214Bi (U-cps) measurements also were related to the lithology. The passive radon method employed laboratory-made dosimeters with LR 115, type 2 celulose nitrate films as detectors. They were buried in the ground at 30 cm depth. While, the active radon method was performed with a Pylon radon measurement system with Lucas cells. The soil gas was also sampled at 30 cm depths, but for only one minute, which was sufficient to fill the 150 cm3 Lucas cells completely. The total radon counts were then separated into those corresponding to 222Rn (radon) and 220Rn (thoron) by a simple computer routine. A comparison of the active and passive methods for the Tacamahaca section over a three-month period showed that both methods could locate precisely the active fault trace.

Explorers, Traders, and Slavers: Forging the Old Spanish Trail, 1678-1850

Explorers, Traders, and Slavers: Forging the Old Spanish Trail, 1678-1850

Explorers, Traders, and Slavers: Forging the Old Spanish Trail, 1678-1850.

Explorers, Traders, and Slavers: Forging the Old Spanish Trail, 1678-1850.

Review: Explorers, Traders, and Slavers: Forging the Old Spanish Trail, 1678-1850, by Joseph P. Sánchez

Book Review| February 01 1998 Review: Explorers, Traders, and Slavers: Forging the Old Spanish Trail, 1678-1850, by Joseph P. Sánchez Explorers, Traders, and Slavers: Forging the Old Spanish Trail, 1678-1850Joseph P. Sánchez Janet Lecompte Janet Lecompte Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Pacific Historical Review (1998) 67 (1): 103–104. https://doi.org/10.2307/3642056 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Janet Lecompte; Review: Explorers, Traders, and Slavers: Forging the Old Spanish Trail, 1678-1850, by Joseph P. Sánchez. Pacific Historical Review 1 February 1998; 67 (1): 103–104. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3642056 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPacific Historical Review Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1998 The Pacific Coast Branch, American Historical Association Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Explorers, Traders, and Slavers: Forging the Old Spanish Trail, 1678-1850

Explorers, Traders, and Slavers: Forging the Old Spanish Trail, 1678-1850

Explorers, traders, and slavers: forging the Old Spanish Trail, 1678-1850

Explorers, traders, and slavers: forging the Old Spanish Trail, 1678-1850

In Search of the Spanish Trail: Santa Fe to Los Angeles, 1829-1848

Book Review| January 01 1995 In Search of the Spanish Trail: Santa Fe to Los Angeles, 1829-1848 In Search of the Spanish Trail: Santa Fe to Los Angeles, 1829-1848, C. Gregory Crampton and Steven K. Madsen. Peter H. DeLafosse Peter H. DeLafosse Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Utah Historical Quarterly (1995) 63 (1): 87. https://doi.org/10.2307/45062210 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Peter H. DeLafosse; In Search of the Spanish Trail: Santa Fe to Los Angeles, 1829-1848. Utah Historical Quarterly 1 January 1995; 63 (1): 87. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/45062210 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressUtah Historical Quarterly Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. © Copyright 1995 Utah State Historical Society1995 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Arizona's community-Built Hotels

Accelerated highway construction in the 1920s included the Old Spanish Trail connecting Florida and California. Communities were quick to recognize the economic advantage of providing adequate accommodation for travelers on these new roads. Here's how four communities in 'Arizona met the challenge

Earliest History of Vertebrate Paleontology in Utah: Last Half of the 19th Century

Aside from the recorded travels of Juan de Rivera in 1765 and the Dominguez-Escalante party in 1776, the earliest reports involving explorations into Utah were mostly those for proposed railroad lines and trade routes, or for general knowledge of the poorly known Western Territories (1840s to 1870s). These explorations were usually conducted under the auspices of the United States Army. Scientists, including geologists/paleontologists, commonly accompanied the survey parties. The first surveys whose prime objectives were to study geology and topography were commissioned by Congress in 1867. The earliest discovery of a vertebrate fossil in Utah apparently took place on the J. N. Macomb expedition of 1859 (which generally followed the Old Spanish Trail), when J. S. Newberry collected dinosaur bones in the southeastern part of the state. F. V. Hayden's 1870 survey may have extended into northernmost Utah. It is possible that a few of the Eocene age fossils which were reported by him from southernmost Wyoming, came from here. Fossils collected during the Hayden survey prompted a vertebrate fossil collecting trip headed by J. Leidy into the same area two years later. Also in 1870, O. C. Marsh discovered and named the Uinta Basin, making a significant fossil vertebrate collection there. Numerous Eocene mammals as well as reptiles and fish were collected in the Basin proper, while a turtle shell and dinosaur teeth were recovered from the upturned Mesozoic beds on the eastern rim of the Uinta Basin. A Jurassic crocodile humerus was found by Marsh along the eastern flank of the Uinta Mountains. In subsequent years before the turn of the century several institutions sent paleontological parties into this area. E. D. Cope in 1880 identified fossil fish and a crocodile from Eocene deposits of central Utah. Pleistocene mammals were first reported by P. A. Chadbourne (1871) and C. King (1878) from Salt Lake and Utah valleys. While early expeditions for vertebrate fossils concentrated largely on adjacent states, many of America's prominent 19th Century vertebrate paleontologists collected fossils in Utah. Their work pioneered the way for present-day paleontologists.

Utah’s Spanish Trail

Research Article| October 01 1979 Utah’s Spanish Trail C. GREGORY CRAMPTON C. GREGORY CRAMPTON Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Utah Historical Quarterly (1979) 47 (4): 361–383. https://doi.org/10.2307/45060726 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation C. GREGORY CRAMPTON; Utah’s Spanish Trail. Utah Historical Quarterly 1 January 1979; 47 (4): 361–383. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/45060726 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressUtah Historical Quarterly Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. © Copyright 1979 Utah State Historical Society1979 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

THE MOUNTAIN MEADOWS: historic stopping place on the Spanish Trail

THE MOUNTAIN MEADOWS: historic stopping place on the Spanish Trail

Doomed Road of Empire: The Spanish Trail of Conquest. By Hodding Carter, with Betty W. Carter. [The American Trails Series.] (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1963. Pp. 408. $8.95.)

Doomed Road of Empire: The Spanish Trail of Conquest. By Hodding Carter, with Betty W. Carter. [The American Trails Series.] (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1963. Pp. 408. $8.95.)

Doomed Road of Empire: The Spanish Trail of Conquest

Doomed Road of Empire: The Spanish Trail of Conquest

Doomed Road of Empire: The Spanish Trail of Conquest.

Doomed Road of Empire: The Spanish Trail of Conquest.