Spanish Short Version Research Articles

Development and validation of the Spanish short version of the Work Design Questionnaire (WDQ-S)

Job transformation is changing work characteristics at a fast pace. This makes work design matter more than ever before. The Work Design Questionnaire (WDQ) is a powerful measurement of current work characteristics that can be used when (re)designing work to be safe, healthy, and motivating. However, its length represents a relevant challenge to its application. This study aims to validate a short version of the WDQ (WDQ-S) for Spanish-speaking countries. Through a two-waves longitudinal design, the WDQ-S was validated in a sample of 653 workers from 27 Spanish companies. Results confirmed the hierarchical factor structure, which comprised four general and nine specific dimensions, good internal consistency, and acceptable levels of convergent and discriminant validity. Hierarchical regression analyses showed predictive and incremental validity on job satisfaction and performance. The main limitation is that the WDQ-S was not tested against the original version, instead test-retest reliability was performed. Future research should replicate these findings in other samples, validate this scale in other languages and expand research with other outcomes. This study is relevant to industrial and occupational ergonomics as it provides a useful tool for designing healthy, productive, and sustainable workplaces.

Psychometric Properties of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scales (MBSRQ-AS) in Chilean Youth.

The aim of this study is to analyze the factorial structure of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scales (MBSRQ-AS) to determine the adjustment of the study structure proposed in the Spanish short version in a young, non-clinical Chilean population and to evaluate the possible influence of sex, age, and BMI on body image measurement. The sample consisted of 614 Chilean youth (259 male and 355 female) between 15 and 28 years old (M = 18.81; SE = 2.46), from the Metropolitan Region, and four regions of the coast and south-central zone of the country. The average Body Mass Index (BMI) was 22.5 kg/m2 (SD = 3.16). The model fit was evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis (WLSMV) using the following: a model with a single general factor, a model with the five factors of the original version, a five-factor ESEM model, and a MIMIC model analyzed including sex, age, and BMI. The results show that the MIMIC sex, age, and BMI model presents an acceptable fit, observing that four factors, Appearance Orientation (AO), Body Areas Satisfaction (BAS), Overweight Preoccupation (OP), and Self-Classification Weight (SCW), are affected significantly for the sex variable, one for age, Appearance Evaluation (AE), and four for BMI (AE, BAS, OP, and SCW). In conclusion, MBSRQ-AS replicates the five-dimensional structure in a non-clinical sample of young Chileans; however, their scores are not invariant as they depend on sex, age, and BMI.

Structural and Predictive Validity of the Spanish Short Version of Utrecht Work Engagement Scale in Educational Institutions Workers.

In this paper, we evaluate the factorial validity of the Spanish short version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9) and assess its predictive validity with respect to self-assessed work performance. A total of 229 employees from educational institutions in Ecuador participated. Using a model comparison analysis, the unidimensional model exhibited an excellent goodness of fit, χ2 = 26.176 (24), p = .344; CFI =1.000; TLI = 1.000; RMSEA = .020; SRMR = .034; it was not improved by more complex models, Three-factor model: χ2 = 22.148 (21), p = .391; CFI =1.000; TLI = 1.000; RMSEA = .016; SRMR = .033. Two-factor model: χ2 = 26.080 (23), p = .297; CFI = 1.000; TLI = 1.000; RMSEA = .025; SRMR = .034). Therefore, it is justified as a unidimensional instrument of work engagement. However, upon analyzing the correlation patterns of the overall score and the work engagement dimensions in relation to the task performance, contextual performance, and counterproductive behaviors, we conclude that, while the unidimensional model exhibits a good fit, the three-factor theoretical approach is substantively superior in that it maintains differential predictive validity for each theoretical dimension.

Development and validation of a short version of the Female Sexual Function Index in the Spanish population

BackgroundThe Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) is a commonly used scale for the assessment of female sexual function. Our aim was to develop and validate a Spanish short version of the FSFI.MethodsA parallel exploratory, sequential mixed-methods approach was used, involving 2 sites. The process consisted of 2 steps: (1) cognitive and content validation of the previously translated FSFI in the Spanish population, both through a focus group; and item selection based on the difficulty and discrimination parameters using item response theory (IRT), thereby obtaining a short version of the scale (sFSFI-sv); (2) assessment of test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC) of the sFSFI-sv. The presence or absence of a sexual disorder variable based on clinical interview was used on the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) to establish the cut off point whose Area Under the Curve (AUC) based on sensibility and specificity was maximum.ResultsSpecific modifications of the FSFI were made according to the focus group results. 114 women were included for IRT analysis. The initial IRT model pointed to the exclusion of items 1, 2, 5, 11, 18, and 19 (S-χ2 p < 0.001). Items 3, 9, 11, and 14 showed the best discrimination and difficulty parameters. On the basis of the IRT and focus group results, items 1, 3, 9, 12, 16, and 17 were included in the final sFSFI-sv. sFSFI-sv showed good reliability (ICC 0.91) in a group of 93 women. A total score ≤ 18 could indicate a higher risk of sexual disorder (sensitivity: 81.0%, specificity: 73.3%).ConclusionA focus group and the IRT analysis allowed the development of a 6-item Spanish version of the FSFI, which showed good reliability in a group of Spanish women.

Development of the Spanish short version of Negative Attitudes Toward Masturbation Inventory

Background/Objective: Masturbation has historically been a sexual behaviour associated with negative connotations, as a consequence of traditional orthodox positions, despite its positive impact on health. The instruments developed to measure the attitude towards masturbation are scarce, and none of them have been validated in the Spanish adult population. This study aims to propose a short version of the Negative Attitudes Toward Masturbation Inventory (NATMI) and examine their psychometric properties (reliability and evidence of validity) in the Spanish adult population. Method: A total of 4,116 heterosexual adults aged 18-83 years (M = 40.58; SD = 12.24; 54.64% women) participated in the study. In addition to the NATMI, they answered other scales to assess sexual attitudes, sexual desire, propensity to become sexually excited/inhibited and sexual functioning. Results: Analysis of the construct validity of the NATMI resulted in a reduced version of ten items grouped into a single factor explaining 66% of the variance (ordinal alpha = .95). The evidence of validity is clear, as subjects with negative and positive attitude towards masturbation differed in religiousness, frequency of masturbation, erotophilia, positive attitude towards sexual fantasies, sexual inhibition and sexual functioning. Conclusions: The Spanish short version of NATMI provides reliable and valid measures in the Spanish adult population.

Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Short Version of the Inventory of Personality Organization (IPO-18) in a Nonclinical Sample

This report supports validation for the Spanish 18-item short version of the Inventory of Personality Organization (IPO), a self-reported instrument for the assessment of personality organization, according to Kernberg’s object-relation based model. The IPO is used to depict personality structure types, using three scales: psychological defense mechanisms, degree of identity integration and reality testing. The review of the literature suggests alternatively factorial solutions. Accordingly, this study, using a nonclinical sample (N = 315), tested the fit of several factorial models (2- and 3- factor solution) via the maximum likelihood approach. Confirmatory Factor Analysis revealed a better fit for the 2-factor solution (CFI = .97, TLI = .96, RMSEA = .037, AIC = 311.06), in accordance with Kernberg’s theory. Each of the 2 IPO subscales shows good levels of internal consistency, and they are associated with increased negative affect, aggressive dyscontrol as well as depression, anxiety and general level of psychopathological distress in line with theoretical expectations. Our results suggest that the Spanish short version of the IPO is a reliable and valid tool for the assessment of personality organization following Kernberg’s model.

Development and Validation of a Spanish Short Servant Leadership Survey (SSLS6-3F) among Spanish Workers in Religious Non-Profit Organizations

Religious non-profit organizations are becoming increasingly important in the third sector in a wide range of countries, where they are currently leading players in different areas, such as education, healthcare, and social work. These organizations have the peculiarity of providing a service to their users while transmitting them the values of their mission statement. An usually employed and effective management strategy for these institutions is a servant leadership style. This article seeks to introduce a theoretical discussion of this leadership approach by providing a Spanish version of an instrument for measuring servant leadership in Spanish religious non-profit institutions. To this end, workers of different Spanish faith-based non-profit organizations of the third sector, a relatively unexplored context, were analyzed after obtaining 463 valid questionnaires. This study used the Spanish translation of a seven-item and three-factor servant leadership scale. An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed. The results confirm that the six-item and three-factor servant leadership scale was the most effective scale to measure this construct. In conclusion, this research covers a notable research gap by providing a reliable and valid Spanish short version of the servant leadership scale for workers of Spanish religious non-profit organizations.

Affect-driven impulsivity impairs human action control and selection, as measured through Pavlovian instrumental transfer and outcome devaluation.

Two experiments were designed to study the role of emotional impulsiveness in action control and selection, involving healthy young women participants. In Experiment 1, the effects of both outcome devaluation and Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) were assessed on instrumental responding. In Experiment 2, we further explored the effect of outcome devaluation on outcome-specific PIT. The role of emotional impulsivity, specifically negative urgency (NU), was also evaluated in both experiments using a self-reported measure (UPPS-P scale, Spanish short version). Experiment 1 showed both outcome devaluation and outcome-specific PIT effects, which were positively inter-correlated and negatively correlated with scores in NU. Experiment 2 found an effect of outcome devaluation on outcome-specific PIT, which was negatively correlated with scores on NU. These results highlight the relevance of considering individual differences in affect-driven impulsivity, specifically NU, when addressing failures in action control and selection (proneness to habit). Moreover, these findings suggest that, at least with the procedure used in these experiments, outcome-specific PIT may be based on a goal-directed process that is under the participant's control.

Factor Invariance of the Trait Meta-Mood Scale–24 in a Sample of Chilean Adolescents

The purpose of this study is to adapt the Trait Meta-Mood Scale–24 (TMMS–24; Fernández-Berrocal, Extremera, & Ramos, 2004, Spanish short version of the TMMS, Salovey, Mayer, Goldman, Turvey, & Palfai, 1995) to the Chilean adolescent population (13–17 years), analyzing the psychometric properties of the instrument through confirmatory factor analyses, factor invariance analysis, and latent mean differences. For this purpose, a sample of 3,255 secondary and high school students, between 12 and 18 years old (M = 15.28, SD = 1.24), were recruited. The results confirm the measurement invariance and structure of TMMS–24 scores by sex and age. The results of the latent mean analysis show the existence of significant differences associated with sex and age in the TMMS–24 attention to feelings factor. The adequate psychometric properties of the TMMS–24 show that it is valid for the Chilean adolescent population, thus covering the existing gap in this context.

Reliability and Validity of the Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire - Spanish Short Version (FOSQ-10SV) in Peruvian Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

The aim of this study was to verify the reliability and validity of the Spanish short version of the Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ-10SV) in Peruvian patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Participants underwent physical examinations, completed the FOSQ-10SV, and polysomnography tests were carried out. A total of 672 patients were analyzed, 75 females (11%), mean age 50.5 ± 13.8 years. A total of 563 patients (84%) had OSA. The mean FOSQ-10SV score was 15.96 ± 3.23. The FOSQ-10SV Cronbach alpha was 0.84 and two significant factors were extracted in the factor analysis-both factors explained a variance of 43% and 14%. A significant correlation was found between the FOSQ-10SV score and the apnea-hypopnea index. Patients with more severe disease have a lower FOSQ-10SV score (P = .003). Ninety-nine patients with OSA who started continuous positive airway pressure treatment were followed, and we observed an improvement in the FOSQ-10SV score from pretreatment to posttreatment (P < .001). The FOSQ-10SV has internal consistency, construct validity, and the sensitivity to change in Peruvian patients with OSA who undergo treatment.

Emotional Effect of the Loss of One or Both Fetuses in a Monochorionic Twin Pregnancy

ObjectiveTo examine the psychological effect on women of the loss of one or both fetuses during a monochorionic twin pregnancy and to identify associated protective and risk factors. DesignDescriptive, cross-sectional, correlational study. SettingMaternity unit of the Vall d’Hebron University Hospital in Barcelona, Spain. ParticipantsTwenty-eight White Spanish women who lost one or both fetuses during a monochorionic twin pregnancy. MethodsIn an individual interview with each participant, we collected sociodemographic information, psychiatric history, and clinical data regarding the pregnancy. Participants also completed the following questionnaires: Spanish Short Version of the Perinatal Grief Scale, Impact of Event Scale–Revised, Beck Depression Inventory, and the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory. ResultsGreater levels of grief after fetal loss during a monochorionic twin pregnancy were associated with increased symptoms of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress. The intensity of grief did not depend on the number of weeks of pregnancy at which the loss occurred, a history of miscarriage, the survival of one of the twins, the presence of living children, or any of the sociodemographic variables considered. ConclusionFetal loss in a monochorionic twin pregnancy has a considerable emotional effect and leaves the mother vulnerable to psychological problems. The survival of one of the twins or the presence of living children is no guarantee that the grieving mother’s mental health will be less affected.

The relationship between physical activity in leisure time and the ankle–brachial index in a general Spanish population: The ARTPER study

Background and objectiveHigh levels of daily physical activity have been shown to be linked to decreased functional impairment in peripheral artery disease (PAD) patients and positively related to the ankle brachial index (ABI) in subjects without PAD. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and the ABI in a general population. Material and methodBaseline data from the ARTPER study cohort corresponding to 2840 subjects >49 years from Barcelona were analyzed. The LTPA variable was obtained through the validated Spanish short version of the Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire. ABI<0.9 was taken to indicate PAD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the independent association between LTPA and PAD. ResultsSubjects with more LTPA were younger, female, less smokers, and suffered fewer PAD. Total activity, measured in metabolic energy turnover (MET) and the LTPA hours, was significantly higher in subjects without PAD (p<0.001). There was an inverse relationship between LTPA and the risk of suffering PAD (odds ratio 0.56, 95% confidence interval 0.38–0.81 for those who expended 2700 METs or more in 14 days) adjusting for confounding factors. ConclusionsIn our study, LTPA was positively related to the ABI, with those with PAD being the ones with less LTPA.

Validation and psychometric analysis of the Internet Addiction Test in Spanish among college students.

BackgroundThe wide use of the Internet in the workplace, academic or social field, can have an impact on daily life. One of the most used questionnaires worldwide to analyse these problems is the Internet Addiction Test (IAT). Our aim was to validate a Spanish version of the IAT and analyse its psychometric properties.MethodsPopulation of study were college students participating in the uniHcos project (Universities of Granada, Huelva, Jaén, León, Salamanca, and Vigo). The questionnaire was translated and back-translated by two native English speakers. Reliability of scores was analysed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and agreement was analysed using the Bland-Altman and Kappa techniques. Test dimensions were analysed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.ResultsThe reliability of scores was good (r = 0.899, Kappa = 0.650 and mean difference using Bland-Altman = −3.5). The psychometric assessment identified two factors (Emotional Investment; Performance and Time Management) which explained 55 % of the variance (total internal consistency of 0.91) and only 19 items. The confirmatory analysis showed an acceptable goodness of fit, especially when items 6 and 8 were related (RMSEA = 0.07 90%IC = 0.06 - 0.08; WRMR = 1.01, CFI = 0.96; TLI = 0.95). The two dimensions were negatively correlated with age and positively correlated with time spent online, especially for the purposes of leisure and entertainment.DiscussionThe results show good reliability and psychometric properties of the Spanish version of IAT with a two-dimensional solution. This result is partially in concordance with previous validations of the IAT in other languages that have found uni- and multi-dimensional solutions using different methodologies. Moreover, we want to highlight the possibility that some item of this questionnaire is outdated due to the technological and lifestyles changes and should be not taken into account.ConclusionThe reliability and psychometric properties obtained in this study support the conclusion that this Spanish short version of the IAT represents a useful tool for the analysis of problems arising from misuse of the Internet.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2281-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Relación entre actividad física en el tiempo libre y el índice tobillo-brazo en población general española: estudio ARTPER

Background and objectiveHigh levels of daily physical activity have been shown to be linked to decreased functional impairment in peripheral artery disease (PAD) patients and positively related to the ankle brachial index (ABI) in subjects without PAD. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and the ABI in a general population. Material and methodBaseline data from the ARTPER study cohort corresponding to 2,840 subjects>49 years from Barcelona were analyzed. The LTPA variable was obtained through the validated Spanish short version of the Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire. ABI<0.9 was taken to indicate PAD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the independent association between LTPA and PAD. ResultsSubjects with more LTPA were younger, female, less smokers, and suffered fewer PAD. Total activity, measured in metabolic energy turnover (MET) and the LTPA hours, was significantly higher in subjects without PAD (P<.001). There was an inverse relationship between LTPA and the risk of suffering PAD (odds ratio 0.56, 95% confidence interval 0.38-0.81 for those who expended 2,700 METs or more in 14 days) adjusting for confounding factors. ConclusionsIn our study, LTPA was positively related to the ABI, with those with PAD being the ones with less LTPA.

Validation of a Spanish Short Version of the Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire (VREM)

The aim of this study is to develop and validate a shorter version (VREM) of the Spanish version of the Minnesota leisure time Physical Activity Questionnaire (CAFM), in order to have a shorter physical activity questionnaire to be used in Primary Care. Descriptive study of validation of a new physical activity measurement questionnaire. 200 patients older than 50, who visited one of 5 primary care centers in Barcelona for any reason were selected, with age-sex Catalonia's distribution. Two phases: first, VREM construction through items reduction. Second, validity of VREM against CAFM (gold standard) and test-retest reliability of VREM were analyzed, using kappa index and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). 6 items were included in the VREM: Walking, Gardening, Sport/dancing, Climbing stairs, Shopping walking and Cleaning house. The interview using VREM lasted 5 minutes (standard deviation 2). Agreement between both questionnaires, using 4 levels of physical activity, was 95.5% (kappa=0.93). Test-retest reliability of the questionnaire was 92.5% (kappa=0.88). Using a continuous outcome in metabolic energy turnover (MET), VREM also proved to be valid and reliable (ICC=0.95 and ICC=0.96 respectively). This short version of CAFM has shown good validity and reliability in people ≥50 years.

P-808 - The interaction between comt and BDNF variants influences obsessive-compulsive-related dysfunctional beliefs

Contemporary cognitive models emphasize the importance of certain dysfunctional beliefs in the development and maintenance of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): overimportance of thoughts, need to control thoughts, perfectionism, intolerance of uncertainty, inflated responsibility, and overestimation of threat. Although a recent twin study suggests that these dysfunctional beliefs are significantly heritable, there have been no previous attempts to analyze candidate genes associated with them. Our study aimed to investigate the possible association between OC-related dysfunctional beliefs and variants of two functional polymorphisms of the COMT (Val158Met) and BDNF (Val66Met) genes in 141 OCD patients. The non-synonymous mutation Val158Met (rs4680) in the COMT gene and the Val66Met functional variant (rs6265) in the BDNF gene were genotyped with the KASPar assay system. The validated Spanish short version of the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire, (OBQ-44), was used to assess dysfunctional beliefs. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and a post hoc one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were perfomed. Variability in dysfunctional beliefs was not affected by the COMT or BDNF genotype when examining the two genes in isolation, but we detected a significant COMT x BDNF interaction effect on responsibility and overestimation of threat scores. These cognitive distortions were significantly higher among OCD subjects with the BDNF Met-present genotype who were also carriers of the COMT Val/Met and Met/Met genotypes. Our data suggest that an interaction between dopaminergic and neurotrophic functional gene variants influences some of the dysfunctional belief domains hypothesized to contribute to the etiology of OCD.

Psychometric Testing of the New Spanish Short Version of the Perinatal Grief Scale to Measure Perinatal Grief in Spanish-Speaking Parents

Psychometric Testing of the New Spanish Short Version of the Perinatal Grief Scale to Measure Perinatal Grief in Spanish-Speaking Parents

Propiedades psicométricas de la versión internacional de la Escala de Afecto Positivo y Negativo-forma corta (I- Spanas SF) en estudiantes universitarios

Psychometric properties of the International Short Version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (I-Spanas-SF) in university students The present research studies the psychometric properties of the Spanish short version of the International Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (I-Spanas-SF) applied to university students in Lima. The Panas (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule) has 20 items and 2 sub-scales (10 for each one) that measures positive and negative affects. The I-Panas-SF only uses 10 of the original items of the Spanas. Psychometric properties were previously evaluated on a large sample of subjects from 52 countries. Results of the exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses show that the I-Spanas-SF is composed of two sub-scales, which coincide with the bi-factorial structure first designed for the Spanas.

Perinatal Grief in Spanish Speaking Families-Psychometric Testing of the New Spanish Version of the Perinatal Grief Scale

Background: Bereaved parents are among the most vulnerable populations in Maternal-Child Health. However, research in perinatal bereavement has been limited to white, non Hispanic populations. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to scientifically translate a research instrument to measure perinatal grief in Spanish speaking parents and to psychometrically test the instrument to accrue evidence for reliability and validity. Methodology: The authors used translation/back-translation, focus groups, and expert translation to develop the new Spanish Short Version of the Perinatal Grief Scale (SpSVPGS). The instrument was administered to convenience samples 50 bereaved Spanish speaking parents and a control group of 40 Spanish speaking non-bereaved parents. Findings: Content validity and reliability for the new instrument were established. In this study, most Spanish speaking parents participated in bereavement rituals, including seeing, holding, touching, naming, and having funerals, for their deceased child. The data showed a 29% decrease in the percent of parents married at the time of the loss and the time of the study. Findings may enable clinicians to better meet the bereavement needs of Spanish speaking parents experiencing perinatal losses. Analysis of demographic information, including marital status and rituals, may enable clinicians to appropriately plan for parental support and bereavement rituals for Hispanic patients and test models for interventions designed to assist bereaved families. Professionals caring for perinatal patients should be aware of the cultural implications for caring for the bereaved, including appropriate rituals and support. Implications for practice, education and research will be discussed. Summary Concluding Statement: The care of bereaved parents is framed in culture Research of this vulnerable population is key to evidenced based improvements in care. This new psychometrically sound instrument, the SpSVPGS, enables researchers to compare the dimensions and attributes of grief, interventions, and rituals in Spanish speaking bereaved parents.

Validación de la versión corta del Woman Abuse Screening Tool para su uso en atención primaria en España

ObjectiveTo examine the criterion validity of the Spanish short version of the Woman Abuse Screening Tool (WAST) to identify battered women among those attending primary health care services in Spain. Material and methodsWe performed a cross-sectional study in two primary care centers in Granada. A total of 390 women between 18 and 70 years old were studied. The Index of Spouse Abuse (ISA) was used as the gold standard. ResultsTwo score criteria were used. Using the first criterion, 132 women (33.8%) scored positively. The sensitivity was 91.4%, specificity was 76.2%, positive predictive value 40.2% and negative predictive value was 98.1%. Five women with a negative WAST score obtained a positive ISA score (false negatives). Seventy-nine women obtained a positive score in the WAST, with a negative score in the ISA (false positives). ConclusionsThese results coincide with the sensitivity and specificity values obtained in the validation of the instrument in Spanish-speaking women in the USA, which also recommend the use of the first criterion. The Spanish short version of the WAST is a suitable instrument to be used by health professionals for the early detection of gender violence in the healthcare context of Spain. However, because of its low specificity, this instrument should be used with caution.