Spanish Lexicography Research Articles

The cultural linguistic image of the dog in Spanish lexicography

The aim of the current article is to present the history of the Spanish lexeme perro ‘dog’ in Spanish lexicography. We will begin with an overview of the discussion of the etymology of the word itself and information about its earliest attestations. Subsequently, we will trace both the presence and the content of the dictionary entries for this lexeme from the beginnings of Spanish lexicography. The final part of the article considers contemporary lexicography, and thus we will address the rich phraseology associated with the lexeme perro, which may serve as a basis for further language and culture-related research. The article contributes to the field of cultural linguistics, but due to the examined corpus, it also includes observations of a lexicographic nature.

The Operative Function in Spanish Lexicography Exemplified through Sport Dictionaries and Other Reference Works

Over time, dictionaries have been adapted to meet users' consultation needs. As a result, other types of data such as instructions or specialised explanations have been included in these works in order to fulfil their purpose. It is in this context that operative lexicographical tools are produced, although such tools have traditionally received very little attention from a metalexicographic point of view. Through the analyses of 5 existing dictionaries and other reference works from the 18th to the 20th centuries regarding equestrianism, football and fencing, this article shows that many lexicographical information tools in Spanish were indeed produced to satisfy the need for practical knowledge through instructions (operative need). Based on this finding, this article argues that the operative function of lexicography deserves a place in lexicographical theory and lexicographical academic literature. An interesting finding that emerges from these analyses is that almost all the dictionaries analysed are polyfunctional, and they share a list of characteristics based on their typology, media and historical moment that can help to make clear the importance of the operative function in the Spanish lexicographical tradition. Furthermore, on the basis of the above analyses, several answers are given to guide future research on operative lexicographical products. Keywords: function theory, Spanish lexicography, sport dictionaries, polyfunctional tools, operative function, specialised dictionaries

El Vocabulario de afronegrismos en los inicios de la lexicografía dominicana

Metalexicography study of Vocabulario de afronegrismos, published by Carlos Larrazábal Blanco in 1941, aims to deepen the knowledge of one of the first approaches to Dominican Spanish lexicography, focused on the lexical field of afronegrisms. Its historical contextualization, macro and microstructural analysis and its critical review of the results provide essential information to edit its contents, intended to be included in the projects “Tesoro lexicográfico del español dominicano” and “Tesoro lexicográfico del español en América” (TLEAM).

The Concept of Lexicographic Condensation: A Review of and Perspectives on Digital Lexicography

This study focuses on the concept of lexicographic textual condensation in order to determine its role in digital lexicography. Current interpretations of this concept, which was origi­nally coined for printed dictionaries, are analysed. Special emphasis is placed on the relevant dif­ferentiation between the various textual levels in which the content of these works are distributed and on the difference between pri­mary and secondary condensation. Examples from English–Spanish digital dictionaries will be explored in order to answer the question of how condensation is pre­sented in these works and what types of components or items are particularly affected by it. Finally, meaning of condensation forms in cur­rent dictionaries based on the reading approaches applied to reference works is dis­cussed. We support the argument that these forms are intrinsic to the type of text that we call a dictionary, and that the reasons behind condensation mechanisms are not limited to mere spatial constraints, but that these, together with other formal aspects, can make it easier to find the desired answers through a nonlinear reading process that is generally and legitimately applied to diction­aries. Keywords: digital lexicography, printed lexicography, lexicographic textual condensation, theory of the form of dictionaries, primary lexi­co­graphic condensation, secondary lexicographic condensation, bilingual English–Spanish lexicography, microstructure, referencing, natural lan­guages

Aproximación al léxico cubano de la esclavitud desde el Diccionario Provincial de Esteban Pichardo (1836, 1849, 1862 y 1875): la percepción de la cubanidad en la lexicografía general

In the colonial Cuba of the second half of the 18th century the adoption of an economic model founded on slave-based plantation will lead to a slavery with its own characteristics, which would differ from the continental slave system. Considering the language, a starting assumption is that the inherent tensions of the extralinguistic context has given rise to an own Cuban lexicon of slavery. In order to prove this hypothesis we aim a lexicographical study of Esteban Pichardo’s Diccionario Provincial de Voces Cubanas, the first dictionary dedicated to a regional variant of American Spanish. Starting from the identification of the lexical pieces related to slavery we will focus on the lexicographic treatment of voices in general dictionaries both academic and extra-academic. The analysis of the lexicographic visibility in the different sources and the study of the reception of the diatopic mark will allow us to achieve the approach to the better understanding of the Cuban lexicon of slavery, in addition to contribute to the history of Spanish lexicography.

El tratamiento del léxico especializado en la lexicografía española del siglo XIX

The lexicographical treatment of the specialized lexicon of a language is one of the most serious problems lexicographers and specialists in the discipline must face; the author also affirms that it is one of the great pending tasks of Spanish lexicography. The paper proposes to examine the evolution and characteristics of the Spanish lexicographic tradition in general, and to present the different tendencies in the treatment of the lexicon specialized in the 19th century.

Humor from the beginning of the lexicographic discourse in Spanish

Words meanings and their use in the language are not fixed in time. This is the case of the word humor, whose current meaning is new in Spanish, as it is attested in dictionaries. Lexicographic discourse can reveal enough data about the history of words. Therefore, the aim of this research is to find out the concept of humor that appears from the first papers in the Spanish lexicography, from the late fifteenth century to the early eighteenth century. Taking Covarrubias’s dictionary (1611) as a turning point, a corpus of dictionaries has been compiled to do research on how the subject of humor was treated by the selection of voices related to it. The results are sufficiently clear in respect to the prudence with which this subject was conceived, as well as to its pragmatically marked use.

Contra viento y marea: las Etimologías médicas de Antonio Barbará Riudor (1925)

En este trabajo se estudia un repertorio pionero: el primer diccionario médico español dedicado exclusivamente a la etimología, elaborado por Antonio Barbará Riudor y aparecido en 1925. Se analizan sus características más relevantes, las fuentes utilizadas, los tipos de voces que incluye, además de encuadrarlo en el contexto en que surge y de ponderar su interés e importancia en la historia de la lexicografía española y de un modo particular en la de la lexicografía médica.

La lexicografía del español y el español hispanoamericano

El dominio que ha ejercido la Real Academia Española sobre los diccionarios no académicos, principalmente en el tratamiento del español de los países hispanoamericanos, junto con el devenir que tuvo el español hispanoamericano, impidieron un avance sustancial de la lexicografía general del español en las dos orillas del Atlántico, que se rompió con el surgimiento de diccionarios integrales, el del español peninsular y el del español mexicano, en el siglo xx, y el integral del español argentino, en el xxi. El conocimiento de esta situación y la valoración de los diccionarios, particularmente como contenedores de la memoria social y de los valores culturales de una comunidad es el objetivo de este artículo.

“El tratamiento de los occitanismos en los diccionarios del español”

Fecha de recepción: 6 de marzo de 2012.Fecha de aceptación: 17 de mayo de 2013. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo mostrar el tratamiento que han recibido las voces procedentes del sur de Francia en la lexicografía del español; esto es, se propone trazar la historia de los préstamos occitanos en español a partir de la información contenida en los tesoros lexicográficos del español publicados en los últimos años, en las diferentes ediciones del Diccionario de la lengua española, de la Real Academia Española, y en diferentes repertorios etimológicos.

Progress in Medieval Spanish Lexicography, II

Apres un apercu historique des divers projets lexicographiques concernant l'espagnol medieval, l'auteur donne une breve description du Dictionnaire de l'espagnol medieval (Diccionario medieval espanol) de Martin Alonso. Cette description est suivie d'une discussion, puis de l'examin detaille des sept fascicules du Dictionnaire de l'espagnol medieval (Diccionario del medieval espanol) de Bodo Muller

La utilización de fuentes en la realización de diccionarios: ¿Covarrubias (1611), fuente directa en la microestructura de Franciosini (1620)?

The development of the lexicographer's task at the very beginning of the Spanish lexicography activity was based on the conveyance of materials from some works to others, as well as on the imposition of some canons in the way of approaching and developing them. In several occasions, the lexicographers have been accused of a lack of originality, even labels as "copy", "plagiarism" or "source" have been used to hold in contempt their works. The relationship between "Tesoro de la lengua castellana o española" (1960) from Sebastián de Covarrubias and "Vocabulario italiano-español, español-italiano" (1920) from Lorenzo Franciosini can help us to understand the lexicographer's task in that period of the origin and development of the Spanish lexicography, to be exact, with the comparison of their microstructures it can be delimited if the first dictionary is present in the second one and it can also be determined in what way it does. With this kind of quantifier and detailed analysis we can know the true relationships that exist between the dictionaries. In addition, we can avoid remaining in partial appreciations that tend to become difficult to prove truths.

Apuntes para la historia de la lexicografía hispano-inglesa

Among the lexicographic repertories we could call "minor", which does not mean they are not relevant for the Spanish lexicography history, is the one known as The Key of the Spanish Tongve, from Lewis Owen. The fact of it being only an English- Spanish vocabulary was the reason why we did not include it in our NTLE, but, of course, it is considered as part of the Hispanic-English lexicography. This is the justification of our article.

El arte diccionarista de Sebastián de Covarrubias

The complete edition of the unpublished manuscript Suplemento al Tesoro de la lengua castellana by Sebastián de Covarrubias provides some necessary clues to the understanding of its author's lexicographic criteria and of a number of personal details, which, in the course of time, have made Covarrubias' work to be considered as something original and unique among the huge Spanish lexicography. Those details of biographic, anecdotic, popular, gastronomic type do not constitute strictly lexicographical information, but this kind of information together with some other of purely lexicographical interest permits us to recompose Covarrubias' skill as a lexicographer, his everyday work in the making-up of the first monolingual dictionary of the Spanish language.

Modernidad del Universal vocabulario de Alfonso Fernández de Palencia

Published two years before Antonio de Nebrija' s splendid Diccionario latino-español, Alfonso Fernández de Palencia's Universal Vocabulario has not aroused among the critics the enthusiasm it deserves. This Spanish humanist's work has been frequently described as medieval. Furthermore, there is enough evidence to state unmistakably that Palencia's dictionary follows very closely Papias' Elementarium Doctrinae Durimentum. In fact, Palencia takes Papias' work as a starting point, whom he copies literally. But it is a reflexive and selective copy, not the kind of hurried plagiarism we are used to in lexicography. Palencia laboured over Papias' work until he turned his own Universal Vocabulario into the threshold of modern lexicography which starts definitely from Nebrija's dictionaries: a) As constrasted with other dictionaries of the same period, the Universal Vocabulario sometimes includes several meanings under a single entry. b) Palencia is different from other contemporary lexicographers because he tries to form small lexematic groupings. c) He resorts to drawings in order to illustrate the explanations given for the entries. The use of drawings reveals the pedagogical aim inspiring him in the planning of his work, rather than his unability to give definitions. This pedagogical aim is reflected in the many classical authors' quotations and examples included. All these features —except for the drawings which will not appear again until the XVth century with Francisco Rosal— can be found in the most successful and well-known dictionaries of the XVth and XVIth centuries: in Rodrigo Fernández de Santaella's Vocabularium ecclesiasticum (Sevilla, 1499) and in Diego Jiménez Arias' Lexicon ecclesiaticum (Salamanca, 1566). Therefore, the Universal Vocabulario arises in the history of Spanish lexicography as a perfect hinge between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, but also as the first link of a chain which goes without a break for centuries except for Nebrija, who steps out of line in points where his immediate predecessor had made important progress.

Sexism in Spanish Lexicography?

Sexism in Spanish Lexicography?

Spanish Lexicography and the Real Academia Espanola: A Sketch

Spanish Lexicography and the Real Academia Espanola: A Sketch