Spanish Lake Research Articles

Creatures from the Brown Lagoon: Microbes from a dry Spanish lake may hold lessons about Mars.

Creatures from the Brown Lagoon: Microbes from a dry Spanish lake may hold lessons about Mars.

Ricardo Padrón. The Indies of the Setting Sun: How Early Modern Spain Mapped the Far East as the Transpacific West

Ricardo Padrón. <i>The Indies of the Setting Sun: How Early Modern Spain Mapped the Far East as the Transpacific West</i>

МОРСКИЕ ВОРОТА «ИСПАНСКОГООЗЕРА»: ПЕРВАЯ ЭКСПЕДИЦИЯ ДЕГАМБОА К МАГЕЛЛАНОВУ ПРОЛИВУ

The article analyzes the preparation and the course of the First expedition to the Strait of Magellan by Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa, one of the most prominent Spanish navigators, scientists and humanists of the 16th century. The interest of the Spanish discoverers in the Strait arouse immediately after Magellan's circumnavigation, but for more than half a century this area remained a frontier zone of Spanish possessions in the south of the American continent. The Drake's raid revived Spanish projects to explore and colonize the Strait. From a remote, undeveloped frontier area, the Strait turned into one of the main sea gates to the “Spanish Lake”, as the Spaniards themselves called the Pacific Ocean. The idea to prepare an expedition belonged to the Viceroy of Peru, Don Francisco de Toledo. He prepared the instructions and chose de Gamboa from among his subordinates as the general of the expedition. All the instructions of the expedition demonstrate the precise elaboration of all the details of the military and scientific research work necessary for the future colonization of the region. Despite the difficulties of the journey, the first expedition to the Strait can be considered de Gamboa's most successful venture. Following the main orders of the instructions, de Gamboa was able to complete the main tasks of the expedition. The paths to the strait were mapped, its Pacific and Atlantic estuaries were explored, its natural and geographical features were determined, contacts were established with the indigenous population, and the place of the future settlement was outlined. However, noticeable exaggerations in the descriptions of the region's natural resources, the mild climate and its dense population will contribute to the failure of the second larger expedition to the Strait.

Writing/Righting History. Twenty-five Years of Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage ed. by Antonia Castañeda and Clara Lomas

Reviewed by: Writing/Righting History. Twenty-five Years of Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage ed. by Antonia Castañeda and Clara Lomas Martín Camps Castañeda, Antonia, and Clara Lomas, editors. Writing/Righting History. Twenty-five Years of Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage. Arte Público Press, 2019, pp. 523. ISBN 978-1-55885-880-0. This is the tenth volume of the Recovering the US Hispanic Heritage Literary Series, which contains documents reflections, testimonios, and essays that challenge the paradigms of American literature. This immense and commendable project has helped to define research careers of many scholars and benefited numbers of students across the United States. I myself have used one of the volumes for my own teachings of Latinx Literature as a way to present to students that Spanish was spoken in this land before Anglo settlers, and that Latinx culture is not a novelty but one with profound roots that compose the layered foundations of America. This commemorative volume, Writing/Righting History. Twenty-five Years of Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage, comes at a time of revived anti-Hispanic rhetoric that makes the study of these cultural, historical and political issues an urgent matter of inquiry. The volume is a resource to addressing the challenges of shifting demographics by researching the Latino legacy, preserving it, and making it available. Indeed, as the volume mentions, the first generation of Latino academics in the 1970s was decimated because of their activism that went beyond their teaching and publishing. Senior scholars and department committees often scoffed at their Latino junior colleagues’ attempts to research a Latino legacy that for the majority simply did not or never existed. It was not until the mid 1980s that a core group of scholars interested in reconstructing this legacy finally achieved tenure and was thus free to research themes from their heritage that had previously fallen outside academic canons. (5) Once the glass ceiling “wall” was broken, the volume relates the hurdles of fundraising to maintain such a tremendous enterprise that would incorporate, as Nicolás Kanellos said: “the voices of the conqueror and the conquered, the revolutionary and the reactionary, the native and the uprooted or landless” (27). It is a pluralistic view that covers many identities and perspectives. The first six essays of this volume 10 concentrate on Coloniality. José Antonio Gurpegui writes about the long process of colonization in California when the Pacific Ocean was referred to as the “Spanish lake” and the crown was interested in establishing missions for the hard return trip or “tornaviaje.” Blanca López de Mariscal’s article researches religious texts during the Christianization process in New Spain as examples of the first studies of indigenous cultures; in the same line, Paloma Vargas Montes elaborates an ethnohistoric analysis of a manual for confession of the coahuitleca language. In José Angel Hernández’ essay, we learn the structures of colonization (not just an event) and the use of Mexicans in the US to pacify the northern frontiers. Bruno Ríos explores the concept of the intervened nation in the chronicles of Jesús Colón in Puerto Rico, and, in his essay, Juan Carlos Rozo Gálvez rescues the poetry of César G. Torres, a Puerto Rican poet absent from the literary anthologies of the polyphonic literature of the island. Part two of the book concentrates on the histories of the Californios and Neo Mexicanos. Rose Marie Beebe and Robert M. Senkewicz recover the voice (complicated/contradictory) of Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo whose “Recuerdos” provide a view to the Mexican California. Leigh Johnson studies the play “Kearny Takes Las Vegas” (1936) by Aurora Lucero-White set during the West’s invasion by the US Army to tell a romance story of Anglo soldiers with Mexican daughters to resolve border politics. A. Gabriel Meléndez unearths “Progreso literario,” a newspaper article from a Spanish-language weekly from 1896 that exhibits the desire of Mexican-American writers to produce a cultural movement and signals the talent of the era, such as Eusebio Chacón. In the following article, Francisco Lomelí exhumes Chacón’s detective fiction as an important cog (lawyer, community leader and writer...

Connecting the Indies: the hispano-asian Pacific world in early Modern Global History

Abstract This article reconsiders the place of colonial Latin America in global history by examining the Transpacific interactions, conflicts, and exchanges between Latin America and Asia in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Setting aside earlier imperial histories that present the Pacific as a 'Spanish Lake', I conceptualize a dynamic Hispano-Asian Pacific World that was forged by a myriad of actors in and around the Pacific basin. Instead of a Pacific dominated by far-off Spain, my research reveals a Transpacific world that in fact defied imperial efforts to claim, regulate, or convert it. I structure this study along three broad lines of inquiry: the economic ties that made the Asian-Latin American 'Rim', the consequences of human transits and cultural exchanges along new Transpacific conduits, and the barriers of distance and culture that limited both cosmopolitanism and imperialism. For societies in Latin America, this Hispano-Asian Pacific world provided them with greater autonomy than the Atlantic world. They shared, alongside diverse groups in this maritime world, a common story of circumvention, of freewheeling exchanges, and of checked powers, for no single shoreline, empire, or group predominated. Ultimately, by charting the currents of Hispano-Asian interactions in the Pacific world, I provide a riposte to theories in global historiography that have situated Latin America at the periphery of Western Europe.

Iberian Visions of the Pacific Ocean, 1507–1899 by Rainer F. Buschmann, and: Navigating the Spanish Lake: The Pacific in the Iberian World, 1521–1898 by Rainer F. Buschmann, Edward R. Slack Jr., and James B. Tueller

Iberian Visions of the Pacific Ocean, 1507–1899 by Rainer F. Buschmann, and: Navigating the Spanish Lake: The Pacific in the Iberian World, 1521–1898 by Rainer F. Buschmann, Edward R. Slack Jr., and James B. Tueller

El viaje al Pacífico: los fundamentos geo-históricos del «lago español» = Journey to the Pacific: the geographical and historical foundations of the ‘Spanish lake’

Despite the Christopher Columbus’ inability in understanding that he had bumped into an unexpected barrier, the fact of the existence of a ‘South Sea’ —which was named by Francisco Magallanes as the Pacific Ocean— resulted clear to the Europeans not before about 30 years after the takeover of the Atlantic Ocean. However, the knowledge of Pacific remained very partial on the mid-eighteenth century. The main objective of this text is to reflect about this time lag between the early discovery and its later exploration. It’ll insist here on the various obstacles that slowed the navigation to the Pacific, favouring the settlement of what, at the time, Pierre Chaunu dubbed the ‘Spanish lake’.

Rainer F. Buschmann, Edward R. Slack Jr., and James B. Tueller. Navigating the Spanish Lake: The Pacific in the Iberian World, 1521–1898.

Rainer F. Buschmann, Edward R. Slack Jr., and James B. Tueller. Navigating the Spanish Lake: The Pacific in the Iberian World, 1521–1898.

Book Review: Navigating the Spanish Lake. The Pacific in the Iberian World, 1521–1898, written by Rainer F. Buschmann, Edward R. Slack Jr., and James B. Tueller

Book Review: Navigating the Spanish Lake. The Pacific in the Iberian World, 1521–1898, written by Rainer F. Buschmann, Edward R. Slack Jr., and James B. Tueller

Buschmann, Rainer F., Edward R. Slack Jr., and James B. Tueller: Navigating the Spanish Lake. The Pacific in the Iberian World, 1521 –1898

Anthropos , Seite 220 - 221

Navigating the Spanish Lake: the Pacific in the Iberian world, 1521-1898

Navigating the examines Spain's long presence in? the Pacific Ocean (1521-1898) in the context of its global empire. Building on a growing body of literature on the Atlantic world and indigenous peoples in the Pacific, this pioneering book investigates the historiographical Spanish Lake as an artifact that unites the Pacific Rim (the Americas and Asia) and Basin (Oceania) with the Iberian Atlantic. Incorporating an impressive array of unpublished archival materials on Spain's two most important island possessions (Guam and the Philippines) and foreign policy in the South Sea, the book brings the Pacific into the prevailing Atlanticentric scholarship, challenging many standard interpretations. By examining Castile's cultural heritage in the Pacific through the lens of archipelagic Hispanization, the authors bring a new comparative methodology to an important field of research. The book opens with a macrohistorical perspective of the conceptual and literal Lake. The chapters that follow explore both the Iberian vision of the Pacific and indigenous counter- narratives; chart the history of a Chinese mestizo regiment that emerged after Britain's occupation of Manila in 1762-1764; and examine how Chamorros responded to waves of newcomers making their way to Guam from Europe, the Americas, and Asia. An epilogue analyzes the decline of influence against a back- drop of European and American imperial ambitions and reflects on the legacies of archipelagic Hispanization into the twenty-first century. Specialists and students of Pacific studies, world history,?the colonial era, maritime history, early modern Europe, and Asian studies will welcome Navigating the as a persuasive reorientation of the Pacific in both Iberian and world history.

Paper Withdrawn Before the Issue Release

The following paper “Juan V. Capella, Alberto Bonastre, Miguel Peris and Rafael Ors. Distributed In-Line Analysis of Water Pollution in a Spanish Lake. Sensors 2012, 12, 878-894” has been withdrawn at the request of the authors before the issue release of Sensors Volume 12, Issue 1. We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause.

Why are there so many kinds of planktonic consumers? The answer lies in the allometric diet breadth

In an attempt to explain ‘Why are there so many kinds of animals?’ G.E. Hutchinson highlighted the food web context to suggest that diversity of primary producers should allow consumer richness to be maintained as a result of their adaptive foraging. Co-existence of consumers is then made possible when species differ in body size and thus only a minor diet overlap occurs. All these ideas are still major topics in ecological research and some have been re-examined in order to provide mechanistic explanations of species richness versus connectance relationships in food web structure. The effect of body size as a determinant of diet, jointly with the assumption that individuals are adapted to switch their diet in order to maximise energy gain, have been combined in recent years to develop the Allometric Diet Breadth Model (ADBM). This model, successful for plankton communities, enables us to determine the specific resource–consumer links and then evaluate the diet breadth and test whether the diet overlaps. Here, we apply the ADBM to infer the feeding linkages within a freshwater planktonic community of a Spanish oligo-mesotrophic lake and three spatial partitions of it. ADBM treats phytoplankton species and bacteria as resources and each consumer species (ciliates, rotifers and crustaceans) as both consumers and resources. We applied ADBM to water-column integrated- and single-layered plankton communities to test the importance of the diet on structuring the plankton. If a given pair of species that co-occur in the whole vertical community overlap their diet more than when they occur in the three layers separately, this means that they will never co-exist and are hence overdispersed (segregated). Not all species pairs that have a weak diet overlap when belonging to the whole water-column community co-exist in water-layered communities. Hence, the richer, whole water-column community would then have lower diet overlap than spatially segregated communities. Therefore, the hypothesis of diet breadth of Hutchinson (The American Naturalist 93: 145–159, 1959) explains community structure throughout the water column, and its deviations may be forced abiotically.

UV radiation and phosphorus interact to influence the biochemical composition of phytoplankton

Summary1. Numerous laboratory studies have shown that food quality is suboptimal for zooplankton growth. However, little is known about how food quality is affected by the interaction of potential global change factors in natural conditions. Using field enclosures in a high altitude Spanish lake, seston was exposed to increasing phosphorus (P) concentrations in the absence and presence of UV radiation (UVR) to test the hypothesis that interactions between these factors affected the biochemical and stoichiometric composition of seston in ways not easily predicted from studies of single factors.2. Phosphorus enrichment increased the content of total fatty acids (TFA), ω3‐polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3‐PUFA) and chlorophyll‐a : carbon (Chl‐a : C) and C : N ratios in seston. The pronounced increase in ω3‐PUFA was largely explained by the enhancement of 18:3n‐3 (α‐linolenic acid). In contrast, P‐enrichment lowered the content of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA), the HUFA : PUFA ratio and, at high P loads, seston C : P ratio. Although phytoplankton assemblages dominated by Chlorophytes were not rich in HUFA, seston in the control had substantially higher 20:4n‐6 (arachidonic acid, ARA) content (79% of HUFA) than did P‐enriched enclosures.3. The UVR increased the content of ω3‐PUFA and TFA in seston at the two ends of the trophic gradient generated at ambient and high concentrations of P, but decreased seston C : P and HUFA at all points on this gradient. ARA was not detected in the presence of UVR.4. The interaction between P and UVR was significant for seston HUFA and C : P ratios, indicating that the effect of UVR in reducing HUFA (decreased food quality) and C : P ratios (enhanced food quality) was most pronounced at the low nutrient concentrations characteristic of oligotrophic conditions and disappeared as P increased. Therefore, any future increase in UVR fluxes will probably affect most strongly the food quality of algae inhabiting oligotrophic pristine waters although, at least in the Mediterranean region, these effects could be offset by greater deposition of P from the atmosphere.

Does Microorganism Stoichiometry Predict Microbial Food Web Interactions After a Phosphorus Pulse?

Knowledge of variations in microbial food web interactions resulting from atmospheric nutrient loads is crucial to improve our understanding of aquatic food web structure in pristine ecosystems. Three experiments mimicking atmospheric inputs at different nitrogen/phosphorus (N/P) ratios were performed in situ covering the seasonal biological succession of the pelagic zone in a high-mountain Spanish lake. In all experiments, abundance, biomass, algal cell biovolume, P-incorporation rates, P-cell quota, and N/P ratio of algae strongly responded to P-enrichment, whereas heterotrophic bacteria remained relatively unchanged. Ciliates were severely restricted when a strong algal exploitation of the available P (bloom growth or storage strategies) led to transient (mid-ice-free experiment) or chronic (late ice-free experiment) P-deficiencies in bacteria. In contrast, maximum development of ciliates was reached when bacteria remained P-rich (N/P < 20) and algae approached Redfield proportions (N/P approximately 16). Evidence of a higher P-incorporation rate supports the proposition that algae and bacteria shifted from a mainly commensalistic-mutualistic to a competitive relationship for the available P when bacterial P-deficiency increased, as reflected by their unbalanced N/P ratio (N/P > 20-24). Hence, the bacterial N/P ratio proved be a key factor to understand the algae-bacteria relationship and microbial food web development. This study not only demonstrates the interdependence of life history strategies, stoichiometric nutrient content, and growth but also supports the use of bacterial N/P thresholds for diagnosing ciliate development, a little-studied aspect worthy of further attention.

Temporal changes of cyanobacteria in the largest coastal Spanish Lake

In this work, we will present long-term changes of cyanobacteria in the largest coastal, shallow, Spanish freshwater lake (the Albufera of Valencia). The lake is used as a reservoir for rice cultivation in the sorrounded lake area. The Albufera lake was in a mesotrophic state during the first half of the 20 th century and at the end of 1960s, due to eutrophication, it rapidly turned into an eutrophic state with loss of submerged macrophytes and general biodiversity in the plankton, benthos and fish populations, that remains until now. Since the beginning of the century, cyanobacteria were represented in the phytoplankton of the lake, but from 1970s to 2000 became the dominant group. A total of 26 cyanobacteria species have been described between 1942 and 2000. Morphological and phenological features of the species are shortly reported in this study. Since 1991, a restoration plan of the lake started by sewage water diversion, that has reduced to half planktic chlorophyll a concentrations, although hypertrophic levels persist. Some alternative clear water phases appeared in which cyanobacteria contribution was reduced from 50-90% to less 5%. After nutrient diversion also a shift in cyanobacteria composition was observed. Large oligophotic filamentous species (mainly Plankiothrix agardhii) were replaced by slender filamentous species (mainly Pseudanabaena galeata, Planktolyngbya contorta, Pl. limnetica and Jaaginema cf metaphyticum) and chroococcals (Chroococcus dispersus, Ch. minutus and Aphanocapsa incerta). Water stability, filament resuspension from the sediment, turbidity and benthic-planktivorous fish, were mechanisms stabilizing cyanobacteria dominance in the lake, while high flushing, nutrient depletion and increase of underwater light destabilized or prompted changes in the cyanobacteria community.

Science and exploration in the Pacific: European voyages to the southern oceans in the eighteenth century

List of Illustrations vii Foreword by Richard Ormond ix Director of the National Maritime Museum Acknowledgements x Contributors xi Abbreviations xiv Introduction xv Part I. Strategy Glyndwr Williams The Endeavour Voyage: A Coincidence of Motives 3 Alan Frost Shaking off the Spanish Yoke: British Schemes to Revolutionise 19 America, 1739-1807 John Gascoigne Joseph Banks and the Expansion of Empire 39 Part II. Methodology and Selectivity Wayne Orchiston From the South Seas to the Sun: The Astronomy of Cook's Voyages 55 Donald C. Cutter Malaspina and the Shrinking Spanish Lake 73 Nigel Rigby The Politics and Pragmatics of Seaborne Plant Transportation, 81 1769-1805 Part III. Perceptions Peter Gathercole Lord Sandwich's Collection of Polynesian Artefacts 103 David Turnbull Cook and Tupaia, a Tale of Cartographic Meconnaissance? 117 Harold B. Carter Note on the Drawings by an Unknown Artist from the Voyage of 133 HMS Endeavour Neil Rennie The Point Venus 'Scene' 135 Part IV. Transformations Rod Edmond Translating Cultures: William Ellis and Missionary Writing 147 Markman Ellis Tails of Wonder: Constructions of the Kangaroo in Late 163 Eighteenth-Century Scientific Discourse Neil Hegarty Unruly Subjects: Sexuality, Science and Discipline in 183 Eighteenth-Century Pacific Exploration Jackie Huggins Cook and the New Anthropology 199 Bibliography 207 Index 220

Diel vertical migration by Daphnia longispina in a Spanish lake: Genetic sources of distributional variation

Individuals of many zooplankton species undergo diel vertical migration in which they move toward the surface after sunset and return to deeper waters at dawn. However, even when vertical migration can be clearly demonstrated by mapping the distributions of individuals at noon and midnight, at any given time the population is usually scattered over a broad range of depths. This paper focuses on a major potential source of the variance associated with depth distributions.We have used electrophoretic analysis of isozymes to identify “clones” of Daphnia longispina in a Spanish lake. In September 1991, two clones constituted 55% of the individuals collected at noon and midnight on each of two successive days. While both displayed significant diel vertical migration, one clone was consistently located deeper in the water column than the other clone. Our results constitute the first demonstration from a field study of Daphnia that a single population is genetically subdivided into groups having different patterns of diel vertical migration. Intrapopulational genetic variation for vertical migration patterns may explain a significant portion of the variability in the depth distributions of zooplankton populations.

The Northwest Coast: British Navigation, Trade, and Discoveries to 1812.

The backside of America Nova Albion the Strait of Anian and other northwest passages sea-otter pelts, Muscovites and Mandarins merchant sea traders Meares and a scheme of empire Botany Bay and Nootka sound encroachments in the Spanish lake impasse a voyage of discovery westward the course of empire epilogue.

New species double the diversity of anaerobic ciliates in a Spanish lake

New species double the diversity of anaerobic ciliates in a Spanish lake