Spacetime Connection Research Articles

Քրոնոտոպի գործառույթը Խ.Աբովյանի «Վերք Հայաստանի» վեպում / THE FUNCTION OF CHRONOTOPE IN KH. ABOVYAN’S NOVEL «WOUNDS OF ARMENIA»

The subject of the analysis of the article is the function of the chronotope, the spacetime continuum in the historical novel “Wounds of Armenia” by Khachatur Abovyan. Drawing upon fundamental principles of the theory of the relationship between the forms of time and the chronotope of M. Bakhtin and the theory of the spatial chronotope and the cultural memory of Y. Lotman, we approached the text of the novel from a fresh perspective to show that there is nothing spontaneous in the “Wounds of Armenia” novel: it is a clear and precisely thought-out novel structure formed on the basis of a certain system, where the chronotope plays an important organizing role in the author’s plan and construction of the artistic world. Our purpose is to consider, within the limits of possibilities, the features of the manifestation of the chronotope in the “Wounds of Armenia” and to show whether the manifestation of space-time regular connections in the historical novel should be considered as a general artistic device or these are the most important, genre-forming features of the novel form that first appeared in the Armenian literature. In accordance with the above, we have formulated the main objectives of the study: given the importance of the combined application of various methods of analysis of the artwork, using hermeneutic and structural methods of criticism to show certain spatial and temporal laws underlying the artistic text, organizing the text, to reveal the complex chain of combinations of chronotopes, to explore the relationship between the part and the whole, to interpret the iconic, coded space that determines the genre features and poetics of text structure, to identify some typologically stable chronotopes in the novel and show their semantic and constructive role and function in the process of forming the composition and structure of the novel. We have summarized the findings of the research concerning the philosophical and creative worldview of the great Armenian enlightenment novelist, his intentions in creating novels and the tools for their realization in Conclusion.

Synergistic effect of combined blast loads on UHMWPE fiber mesh reinforced polyurea composites

UHMWPE fiber mesh reinforced polyurea (UFRP) composites are a proposed improvement method that involves incorporating UHMWPE fiber mesh into polyurea coating. Experiments and theoretical analysis were conducted to examine the failure and blast resistance performance of the UFRP under combined air-blast and fragments. The mechanism of UFRP composite failure, the self-healing effect, and counterintuitive behaviors were identified and investigated. Fiber mesh improved structural strength and stopped fracture development, while polyurea increased ductility and protected against blast fragment dispersion. The addition of UHMWPE fiber mesh improved the polyurea matrix's load transmission, integrity, and fracture resistance, and it can even altered the material's failure mode from shear punching to tensile. The loose and elastic filler was generated as polyurea melted in the impact hole as a result of the thermal effect of the impact process and the dynamic action of the penetration of the fragments. The joint load was classified into three categories based on the space-time connection of the loads, the loading duration, and the structure's reaction mechanism. The synergistic effect of the combined loading on the composite plates was evaluated, and an analytical model was developed to examine the occurrence. Synergy is contingent upon not just the reaching moment and duration of the loads, but also the reaction of the structures.

Implications of Palatini gravity for inflation and beyond

In this paper, we present an introduction to cosmic inflation in the framework of Palatini gravity, which provides an intriguing alternative to the conventional metric formulation of gravity. In the latter, only the metric specifies the spacetime geometry, whereas in the former, the metric and the spacetime connection are independent variables—an option that can result in a gravity theory distinct from the metric one. In scenarios where the field(s) responsible for cosmic inflation are non-minimally coupled to gravity or the gravitational sector is extended, assumptions about the underlying gravitational degrees of freedom can have substantial implications for the observational effects of inflation. We examine this explicitly by discussing various compelling scenarios, such as Higgs inflation with a non-minimal coupling to gravity, Higgs inflation with a non-minimal derivative coupling, [Formula: see text] inflation, and beyond. We also comment on reheating in these models. Finally, as an application of the general results of Palatini [Formula: see text] inflation, we review a model of successful quintessential inflation, where a single scalar field acts initially as the inflaton and then becomes dynamical dark energy, in agreement will all experimental constraints.

Space-time Connections With Inertial Masses of Ordinary and Novel Particles and Deducing Some Limiting Velocities From Maximal Particle Velocities

The increasing number of physical phenomena, such as the Dark Matter, as well as the difficulties to understand the enormous distances in the Universe, encourages one to formulate matter description that goes beyond the Standard Model. Here we present the description of ordinary and novel (some as Dark Matter) particles through the bicubic equation limiting velocity solutions, globally denoted as, c1, c2 and c3, (primary, secondary and tertiary). These solutions depend on the congruent parameter z = 3 √ 3mv2/2E which connect them to m, v, and E , respectively being particle mass, velocity and energy. When the bicubic equation discriminant D and z satisfy D ≤ 0, z2 ≤ 1, the limiting velocities describe ordinary particles (electron, neutrino, etc.) and when D ⪰ 0, z2 ⪰ 1 limiting velocities describe the novel (some as Dark Matter), yet to be directly observed particles. At z = 1 ordinary particles with c1, c2 and c3 (primary, secondary and tertiary) transit from, z2 ≤ 1 into novel (some as Dark Matter) patrticles, z2 ⪰ 1 with the same values at z = 1 for novel particle limiting velocities Rc1, Rc2 and c3 (primary, secondary and tertiary).The ordinary tertiary particle limiting velocity c3 and novel primary plus secondary particle limiting velocities Rc1 and Rc2 are convenient to be deduced from maximum particle velocities. The velocity of the neutrino with v = c is a good example for c3 = c,while, with the assumption that a novel particle maximum velocity is, say, v = c•, which leads to Rc1 and Rc2 = c• . Hopefully, it may turn out that also c• = c. An example of a lethargic low energy novel particle appears to be a good candidate for gravitational Dark Matter particle.

Geometrically engineered two-color time orderings in a laser-dressed atomic antenna: Shaping space-time photon correlations

The space-time connection between the Mollow cascaded transitions with time orderings and the spatially directional correlated emissions of Mollow photons is analyzed theoretically in a strong laser-dressed subwavelength two-atom antenna, which supports only two-level electric dipole transitions. It can be regarded as the most prototypical collective quantum radiator to exploit the space-time quantum characteristics of the Mollow physics of resonance fluorescence. By constructing the photon filtering dynamics from the dressed two-atom antenna to a pair of quantum sensors, the frequency-resolved spatial two-point two-time correlations of different Mollow spectral lines are examined analytically in terms of the quantum sensor modes. It is shown that a rich significance of spatial directionality lies in the time orderings of cascaded emissions between different Mollow spectral lines. This feature enables the time orderings of different Mollow spectral lines to be tailored geometrically and thus prepared deterministically to produce highly directional temporal bunching effects of the Mollow photons with giant nonclassicality only for a specific two-photon detection order. The dressed two-atom system is therefore able to operate as a highly directional atomic antenna that may provide versatile applications in the fields of atom-photon-based quantum precise measurement physics and Mollow spectroscopy.

Seiberg-Witten map with Lorentz-invariance and gauge-covariant star product

We develop the Seiberg-Witten map using the gauge-covariant star product with the noncommutativity tensor θμν(x). The latter guarantees the Lorentz invariance of the theory. The usual form of this map and its other recent generalizations do not consider such a covariant star product. We construct the Seiberg-Witten map for the gauge parameter, the gauge field and the strength tensor to the first order in the noncommutativity parameter θμν(x). Prescription for the generalization of the map to higher orders is also given. Interestingly, the associativity of the covariant star product both in the first and second orders requires the same constraints, namely, on the θμν(x) and on the space-time connection. This fact suggests that the same constraints could be enough to ensure the associativity in all orders. The resulting Seiberg-Witten map applies both to the internal and space-time gauge theories. Comparisons with the Seiberg-Witten map based on other (non-covariant) star products are given and some characteristic properties are also presented. As an application, we consider the GL(2,C) noncommutative gauge theory of gravitation, in which it is shown that the connection determines a space-time with symplectic structure (as proposed by Zumino et al [33]). This example shows that the constraints required for the associativity of the gauge-covariant star product can be satisfied. The presented GL(2,C) noncommutative gauge theory of gravitation is also compared to the one (given by Chamseddine [44]) with non-covariant star product.

Method of Robot Episode Cognition Based on Hippocampus Mechanism

This paper proposes a method to realize the robot’s self-learning of environment by using an episode cognition model inspired by the hippocampus. The episode cognition map is suitable for robot navigation in an unknown environment, which solves the problem of robustness of the robot’s perception in complex and dynamic environments. The model called the hippocampus episode cognitive network (HEC), is based on the hippocampus CA1, CA3, and the dentate gyrus, and combined with the adaptive resonance theory (ART) network. It extract new events through the incremental generation of cognitive neurons, and encode the events into episodes through space-time connections. The episode nodes can be connected to generate an episode cognition map. This method can learn, store, and update information for autonomous mobile robots in an unknown environment. Based on the episode cognitive map, the path trajectory can be predicted through the playback of the episode neuron. The experimental results on the mobile robot show that this method can effectively improve the robot’s adaptability for location and mapping in a complex and dynamic environment.

Mean field squared and energy–momentum tensor for the hyperbolic vacuum in dS spacetime

We evaluate the Hadamard function and the vacuum expectation values (VEVs) of the field squared and energy–momentum tensor for a massless conformally coupled scalar field in (D+1)-dimensional de Sitter (dS) spacetime foliated by spatial sections of negative constant curvature. It is assumed that the field is prepared in the hyperbolic vacuum state. An integral representation for the difference of the Hadamard functions corresponding to the hyperbolic and Bunch–Davies vacua is provided that is well adapted for the evaluation of the expectation values in the coincidence limit. It is shown that the Bunch–Davies state is interpreted as thermal with respect to the hyperbolic vacuum. An expression for the corresponding density of states is provided. The relations obtained for the difference in the VEVs for the Bunch–Davies and hyperbolic vacua are compared with the corresponding relations for the Fulling–Rindler and Minkowski vacua in flat spacetime. The similarity between those relations is explained by the conformal connection of dS spacetime with hyperbolic foliation and Rindler spacetime. As a limiting case, the VEVs for the conformal vacuum in the Milne universe are discussed.

Truck Driver Fatigue Detection Based on Video Sequences in Open-Pit Mines

Due to complex background interference and weak space–time connection, traditional driver fatigue detection methods perform poorly for open-pit truck drivers. For these issues, this paper presents a driver fatigue detection method based on Libfacedetection and an LRCN. The method consists of three stages: (1) using a face detection module with a tracking method to quickly extract the ROI of the face; (2) extracting and coding the features; (3) combining the coding model to build a spatiotemporal classification network. The innovation of the method is to utilize the spatiotemporal features of the image sequence to build a spatiotemporal classification model suitable for this task. Meanwhile, a tracking method is added to the face detection stage to reduce time expenditure. As a result, the average speed with the tracking method for face detection on video is increased by 74% in comparison with the one without the tracking method. Our best model adopts a DHLSTM and feature-level frame aggregation, which achieves high accuracy of 99.30% on the self-built dataset.

Spot quotation alliance modeling method of cascade hydropower based on symbiosis theory

There is a highly coupled space-time hydraulic connection between cascade hydropower stations (CHSs), therefore CHSs cannot stand alone in market competition. Symbiosis is a co-twin way of alliance, which helps to resist variable market risk factors. Thus, this paper proposes a spot quotation alliance modeling method of CHSs based on symbiosis theory. First, based on the components explanation and symbiotic effect evaluation of the cascade hydropower symbiotic system (CHSS), a quotation alliance formation model with the goal of maximizing the symbiotic effect is built. Then, in order to reduce blindness while retaining the autonomy of power producers, a 5-stage power and price declaration strategy is proposed. The case study with eight hydropower stations in Sichuan Province of China shows that the three stations can get an increase of 2.23% in market shares and 2.13% in power generation revenue when forming a quotation alliance, and can help the grid save 16,900 yuan in power purchase cost at the same time. It reveals that jointly participating in market competition with others can not only increase the alliance’s market shares and power generation revenue, but also reduce the total power purchase cost of the grid.

Intertwined space-time symmetry, orbital magnetism, and dynamical Berry connection in a circularly shaken optical lattice

We study the circular shaking of a two-dimensional optical lattice, which is essentially a $(2+1)$-dimensional space-time lattice exhibiting periodicities in both spatial and temporal dimensions. The near-resonant optical shaking considered here dynamically couples the low-lying $s$ band and the first excited $p$ bands by transferring a photon of shaking frequency. The intertwined space-time symmetries are further uncovered to elucidate the degeneracy in the spectrum solved with the generalized Bloch-Floquet theorem. Setting the chirality of circular shaking explicitly breaks time-reversal symmetry and lifts the degeneracy of ${p}_{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}={p}_{x}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}i{p}_{y}$ orbitals, leading to the local circulation of orbital magnetism, i.e., the imbalanced occupation in ${p}_{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ orbitals. Moreover, the dynamics of Berry connection is revealed by the time evolution of the Berry curvature and the polarization, which have physical observable effects in experiments. Interestingly, the dynamics is found characterized by a universal phase shift, governed by the time screw rotational symmetry involving a fractional translation of time. These findings suggest that the present lattice-shaking scheme provides a versatile platform for the investigation of the orbital physics and the symmetry-protected dynamics.

Oil and gas content of the understudied part in the northwest of the Timan-Pechora oil and gas province according to the results of basin modeling

Comprehensive interpretation of the results for regional seismic operations and reinterpretation of archived seismic data, their correlation with the drilling data of more than 30 deep wells, including Severo-Novoborsk parametric well, made it possible to clarify the structural maps and thickness maps of all seismic facies structures developed in the territory and water area in the junction of the north of Izhma-Pechora depression and Malozemelsko-Kolguevsk monocline of Timan-Pechora oil and gas province. Data obtained were used at basin modeling in TemisFlow software in order to reconstruct the conditions of submersion and transformation of organic substance in potential oil and gas bearing formations. Modeling made it possible to get an idea of ​​the time and conditions for the formation of large zones of possible hydrocarbons accumulation, to establish space-time connections with possible sources of generation, to identify the directions of migration and on the basis of comparison with periods of intense generation, both from directly located within the operation area and outside them (taking into account possible migration), to identify zones of paleoaccumulation of oil and gas. Work performed made it possible to outline promising oil and gas accumulation zones and identify target objects for further exploration within the site with an ambiguous forecast and lack of industrial oil and gas potential.

The von Neumann boson-antiboson pair creation quantum entanglement entropy in noncommutative Bianchi I space-time

The noncommutative Bianchi I curved space-time vierbeins and spin connections are derived. Moreover, a general Klein-Gordon equation up to the second order of the noncommutativity θ paramter and its solutions are presented. As an application within the quantum field theory approach using Bogoliubov transformations, the von Neumann boson-antiboson pair creation quantum entanglement entropy is studied. It is shown that its behavior is strongly dependent on the value of the noncommutativity θ parameter, k⊥ modes frequencies and the structure of the curved Bianchi I space-time. various discussions of the obtained numerical results are presented.

Christoffel Symbols and Chiral Properties of the Space-Time Geometry for the Atomic Electron States

Quantum electron states, in the case of an improved Dirac equation, are linked to the Christoffel symbols of the connection of space-time geometry. Each solution of the wave equation, in the case of the hydrogen atom induces a connection which is completely calculated. This allows us to discover the global and chiral properties of the space-time connection, with spin 2.

Tracing the high energy theory of gravity: an introduction to Palatini inflation

We present an introduction to cosmic inflation in the context of Palatini gravity, which is an interesting alternative to the usual metric theory of gravity. In the latter case only the metric $g_{\mu\nu}$ determines the geometry of space-time, whereas in the former case both the metric and the space-time connection $\Gamma^\lambda_{\mu\nu}$ are a priori independent variables - a choice which can lead to a theory of gravity different from the metric one. In scenarios where the field(s) responsible for cosmic inflation are coupled non-minimally to gravity or the gravitational sector is otherwise extended, assumptions of the underlying gravitational degrees of freedom can have a big impact on the observational consequences of inflation. We demonstrate this explicitly by reviewing several interesting and well-motivated scenarios including Higgs inflation, $R^2$ inflation, and $\xi$-attractor models. We also discuss some prospects for future research and argue why $r=10^{-3}$ is a particularly important goal for future missions that search for signatures of primordial gravitational waves.

Building flat space-time from information exchange between quantum fluctuations

We consider a hypothesis in which classical space-time emerges from information exchange (interactions) between quantum fluctuations in the gravity theory. In this picture, a line element would arise as a statistical average of how frequently particles interact, through an individual rate dt ∼ 1/ft and spatially interconnecting rates dl ∼ c/f . The question is if space-time can be modelled consistently in this way. The ansatz would be opposite to the standard treatment of space-time as insensitive to altered physics at event horizons (disrupted propagation of information) but by extension relate to the connection of space-time to entanglement (interactions) through the gauge/gravity duality. We make a first, rough analysis of the implications this type of quantization would have on the classical structure of flat space-time, and of what would be required of the interactions. Seeing no obvious reason for why the origin would be unrealistic, we comment on expected effects in the presence of curvature.

A Conceivable Path to Immortality in Your Present Body That Uses Physics, Electronics and 'Cloning'

The goal of this paper is to present a plausible path to immortality. The aim is therefore of a medical nature, though the means to that end is decidedly multidisciplinary – using physics, cosmology, geometry, topology and electronics besides medical concepts. Achievement of such an ambitious goal as immortality would appear to require input from many aspects of science. Those other concepts may make it unsuited to a medical journal devoted to clinical practice, but it’s publishable in a journal about hypotheses. The article starts by suggesting the entire universe could be composed, at the most fundamental level, of electronics’ binary digits. These enter a natural or artificial time-warp in the distant, far advanced future to produce the Mobius strips, figure-8 Klein bottles, adaptive Wick rotation, and “vector-tensor-scalar geometry” that make up the past and present cosmos. Then the article says the basics of mammalian cloning have been understood since Dolly the sheep’s birth in 1996. How can an adult mind be “downloaded” into a cloned brain? It’s proposed that individual cells and synapses in the original brain can be connected with their counterparts in the cloned brain via space-time warping. Since space-time and brains may be composed of binary digits, all the information in one organ could be successfully downloaded into the other – transferring each brain area’s memories, perceptual abilities, creativity, etc. Einstein's General Relativity says gravity is a push caused by the curvature of space-time (gravitation therefore is space-time). This means the space-time warping referred to a couple of sentences ago is gravity. Gravity thus establishes a permanent connection between patients and any form of treatment (including cloning). Such a permanent connection may help explain the placebo effect that occurs when no known treatment is applied. To the relief of many, the article finishes by suggesting gravity – and the surfing of gravitational waves – will make the prospect of human cloning completely unnecessary. This is because the final section, CREATION OF THE COSMOS USING BITS, PI AND IMAGINARY TIME, shows that the human mind generated by the brain has an essential role in creating the universe and, therefore, in our interactions with physical reality – leading to the repairing of every minor (even microscopic) defect in the body and brain as it occurs. Space-time (gravity) connections allowing downloading of minds will one day be extended to everyone who ever lived, resulting in resurrection of loved ones to eternal life and health.

An integrable geometrical foundation of gravity

In a talk at the conference Geometrical Foundations of Gravity at Tartu[Formula: see text] 2017, it was suggested that the affine spacetime connection could be associated with purely fictitious forces. This leads to gravitation in a flat and smooth geometry. Fermions are found to nevertheless couple with the metrical connection and a phase gauge field. The theory is reviewed in this proceeding in a Palatini, and in a metric-affine gauge formulation.

Simplicity constraints: A 3D toy model for loop quantum gravity

In Loop Quantum Gravity, tremendous progress has been made using the Ashtekar-Barbero variables. These variables, defined in a gauge-fixing of the theory, correspond to a parametrization of the solutions of the so-called simplicity constraints. Their geometrical interpretation is however unsatisfactory as they do not constitute a space-time connection. It would be possible to resolve this point by using a full Lorentz connection or, equivalently, by using the self-dual Ashtekar variables. This leads however to simplicity constraints or reality conditions which are notoriously difficult to implement in the quantum theory. We explore in this paper the possibility of imposing such constraints at the quantum level in the context of canonical quantization. To do so, we define a simpler model, in 3d, with similar constraints by extending the phase space to include an independent vielbein. We define the classical model and show that a precise quantum theory by gauge-unfixing can be defined out of it, completely equivalent to the standard 3d euclidean quantum gravity. We discuss possible future explorations around this model as it could help as a stepping stone to define full-fledged covariant Loop Quantum Gravity.

Is Spacetime Non-metric?

If one assumes higher dimensions and that dimensional reduction from higher dimensions produces scalar-tensor theory and also that Palatini variation is the correct method of varying scalar-tensor theory then spacetime is nonmetric. Palatini variation of Jordan frame lagrangians gives an equation relating the dilaton to the object of non-metricity and hence the existence of the dilaton implies that the spacetime connection is more general than that given soley by the Christoffel symbol of general relativity. Transferring from Jordan to Einstein frame, which connection, lagrangian, field equations and stress conservation equations occur are discussed: it is found that the Jordan frame has more information, this can be expressed in several ways, the simplest is that the extra information corresponds to the function multiplying the Ricci scalar in the action. The Einstein frame has the advantages that stress conservation implies no currents and that the field equations are easier to work with. This is illustrated by application to Robertson-Walker spacetime.