Space Domain Research Articles

The Language of Infographics: Toward Understanding Conceptual Metaphor Use in Scientific Storytelling.

We apply an approach from cognitive linguistics by mapping Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) to the visualization domain to address patterns of visual conceptual metaphors that are often used in science infographics. Metaphors play an essential part in visual communication and are frequently employed to explain complex concepts. However, their use is often based on intuition, rather than following a formal process. At present, we lack tools and language for understanding and describing metaphor use in visualization to the extent where taxonomy and grammar could guide the creation of visual components, e.g., infographics. Our classification of the visual conceptual mappings within scientific representations is based on the breakdown of visual components in existing scientific infographics. We demonstrate the development of this mapping through a detailed analysis of data collected from four domains (biomedicine, climate, space, and anthropology) that represent a diverse range of visual conceptual metaphors used in the visual communication of science. This work allows us to identify patterns of visual conceptual metaphor use within the domains, resolve ambiguities about why specific conceptual metaphors are used, and develop a better overall understanding of visual metaphor use in scientific infographics. Our analysis shows that ontological and orientational conceptual metaphors are the most widely applied to translate complex scientific concepts. To support our findings we developed a visual exploratory tool based on the collected database that places the individual infographics on a spatio-temporal scale and illustrates the breakdown of visual conceptual metaphors.

AI/ML for safety-critical software: the case of the space domain

AI/ML for safety-critical software: the case of the space domain

Video matting tampering detection based on time and space domain traces

Video matting tampering detection based on time and space domain traces

Near‑Field Status Analysis Method for High‑Power Laser Facility Based on Space Domain Evaluation and Distribution Statistics

Near‑Field Status Analysis Method for High‑Power Laser Facility Based on Space Domain Evaluation and Distribution Statistics

Application and Development of 3D Printing Technology in Clothing Design

Abstract As traditional hand knitting is limited, it can only make simple three-dimensional stacking and flat knitting texture of the garment. This paper applies 3D printing technology to improve this drawback. Establishing research variables for clothing design by combining the geometric characteristics of the STL model after layering with the characteristics of 3D printing technology to construct an optimization model for 3D printing technology. The contradiction between molding quality and molding efficiency is a typical multi-factor and multi-objective optimization problem. To solve this kind of optimization problem, a genetic algorithm is used to search for the optimal solution of the objective function in the feasible domain space, aiming to optimize the parameters of 3D printing technology. An in-depth analysis of the application practice of 3D printing technology in apparel design is presented, which further points out the implementation architecture of apparel design incorporating 3D printing technology, and the performance test of apparel incorporating 3D printing technology is carried out. The data show that the average values of ST (thickness difference), B1 (warp bending stiffness), B2 (weft bending stiffness), E51 (warp elongation), and E52 (weft elongation) are 8.386mm, 5.22 μNm, 0.16 μNm, 0.421%, 0.252%, which indicates that the garments designed based on 3D printing technology have good tensile properties and hand feel appearance, and are more in line with the comfort and aesthetic demands of consumers for garment design. It shows that the garments designed using 3D printing technology have good stretchability and a hand-feel appearance, which is more in line with the comfort and aesthetic demands of consumers nowadays.

The world of “worlds” in the dimensions of semiosis With the example of the linguacultural space of Kyiv

The relevance of the article is due to the constant dynamics of the lexicon as a manifestation of the essential property of the language and, in particular, of the phenomenon of the development of semantics of the name world (світ), which became one of the most frequently used notional units of the Ukrainian language in the 21st century. The purpose of the study is to identify the peculiar features of the semantization process of the lexeme world (світ) using the example of the linguacultural space of Kyiv taking into account various dimensions of semiosis. The study is also aimed at establishing the factors that influenced the nominative activity of the unit and determining its linguo-pragmatic vector. The subject matter of the study is the nominative-referential and pragmatic potential of the name world (світ), recorded in mass media texts and Kyiv ergonymicon. To achieve the goal, the following methods and techniques were used: component analysis of the word, distributive analysis, analysis of dictionary definitions, the descriptive method, results of associative experiments, the constructive method, contextual analysis, content analysis, and techniques of quantitative analysis. The novelty of the study is determined by the complex multifaceted approach to elucidating the semantization process of the name world (світ), carried out on the basis of semiotics and linguacultural studies. As a result of the study of the semantics of numerous common and proper nominals with the world component, it was concluded that the reference of these nominations was affected by the actualization of the nuclear semes ‘limit’, ‘sphere’, ‘totality’, ‘completeness of volume’ (‘межа’, ‘сфера’, ‘сукупність’, ‘повнота обсягу’), and in addition, by the potential evaluative seme. Emphasis is placed on the general tendency towards the nomination of various semiotic spheres by units with spatial semantics. One of the main factors of the nominative activity of the name has been determined as the sound-symbolic and iconic nature of the sign, which ensures its euphony and aesthetic appeal, which, in its turn, is especially significant for ‘commercial’ names and advertising texts. Attention is paid to defining the specifics of comprehension and interpretation of knowledge and ideas about the world and their arrangement in mental space. On the comparison basis of the concept WORLD (СВІТ) as a Ukrainian linguacultural dominant with the universal domain SPACE (ПРОСТІР), the axiological cognitive features of ‘comprehensiveness’, ‘infinity’, ‘matter’, ‘cognition’ (‘всеосяжність’, ‘безмежність’, ‘матерія’, ‘пізнання’), which determine the linguo-pragmatic vector of nominations, have been allocated. Prospects for further research are seen in the study of the functional and pragmatic properties of the name world (світ) in different speech registers.

Knowledge Space reduction via Sequential Language Model Integration

In Large Language Models (LLMs), such as GPT, BERT, Mistral or others, “reducing the domain space” for text generation involves limiting the range of content that can be utilized for generating responses. This approach aims at enhancing the relevance and precision of the text produced. While various strategies exist to achieve this, this work explores Sequential Language Model Integration (SLMI), which mirrors the organization and distribution of knowledge across different fields of expertise. More specifically, SLMI is the technique of linking multiple LLMs (LLM-Chains) in a systematic manner. In this paper, we refer to a process of choosing, linking and connecting LLMs with other services (often to complete a generative task, invoke external functions and machine learning services, or tackle problems) as “Large Language Models as a Service”. We outline the development and evaluation process of an SLMI methodology to refine response accuracy. Focusing on the medical field, we also establish a framework for knowledge reduction based on “knowledge paths”, analogous to the distinct specializations within medicine. We apply this framework to a dermatology case study and utilize our evaluation pipeline to assess the results. Reducing the knowledge domain from medicine in general down to dermatology, we tested our methodology and found gains regarding accuracy and diagnostic improvement, as well as a reduction in costs regarding total tokens generated.

Conceptual Approach to Multi-Domain Operations

This article delves into multi-domain operations in the context of future warfighting. A multi-domain approach to operations is being progressively implemented in allied nations and within NATO, as well. It should also become a core interest for the Czech Republic, even if the sea and space domains do not represent the crucial area of potential operational engagement of the Army of the Czech Republic. The complexity of operations in a complex operating environment requires mutual interaction across all operational domains. The integration of the physical and virtual spheres of operations suggests that operations planning cannot be strictly oriented to individual operational domains. The interaction between operational domains must be perceived as a sine qua non for effective planning and conducting military operations. This is also a fundamental prerequisite for the successful activity of forces in a complex operating environment.

Modular geodesics and wedge domains in non-compactly causal symmetric spaces

We continue our investigation of the interplay between causal structures on symmetric spaces and geometric aspects of Algebraic Quantum Field Theory. We adopt the perspective that the geometric implementation of the modular group is given by the flow generated by an Euler element of the Lie algebra (an element defining a 3-grading). Since any Euler element of a semisimple Lie algebra specifies a canonical non-compactly causal symmetric space M=G/H\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$M = G/H$$\\end{document}, we turn in this paper to the geometry of this flow. Our main results concern the positivity region W of the flow (the corresponding wedge region): If G has trivial center, then W is connected, it coincides with the so-called observer domain, specified by a trajectory of the modular flow which at the same time is a causal geodesic. It can also be characterized in terms of a geometric KMS condition, and it has a natural structure of an equivariant fiber bundle over a Riemannian symmetric space that exhibits it as a real form of the crown domain of G/K. Among the tools that we need for these results are two observations of independent interest: a polar decomposition of the positivity domain and a convexity theorem for G-translates of open H-orbits in the minimal flag manifold specified by the 3-grading.

Moderasi Beragama Dalam Ruang Digital : Studi Harmonisasi Moderasi Beragama Di Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam Negeri

Religious moderation refers to an intermediate grounding in one's approach to religious doctrines. This article was written as an introduction to the topic of the importance of moderation of religious behavior in digital media to encourage moderate and tolerant religious discourse. The digital world presents accessible religious narratives that can be used by relevant parties to resolve conflicts and challenge identity politics, characterized by weakening affiliation with religious organizations, the emergence of religious observers, declining individualism, and the transformation of pluralism. into tribalism. This research is qualitative research using an exploratory descriptive approach. Research results from harmonization of moderation in various domains in the digital space show its momentum. As an Islamic research laboratory, Islamic Religious Universities further modify content through digital media as a means of countering the spread of misinformation through social media. The generally accepted approach is the use of counter-narratives to dissolve the substantial, emotional family tree, i.e. moderate and tolerant.

ADAMTS-13 conformation influences autoimmune recognition in immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

BackgroundPatients with immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) have anti–ADAMTS-13 immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies that enhance ADAMTS-13 clearance and/or inhibit its function. ADAMTS-13 normally circulates in a closed conformation, which is manifested by the interaction of the CUB domains with the central spacer domain. Disruption of the spacer–CUB interaction opens ADAMTS-13, which augments its proteolytic function but may also expose cryptic autoimmune epitopes that promote further autoantibody recognition. ObjectivesTo explore differences in autoantibody binding to ADAMTS-13 in its closed or open conformations in patients with iTTP and to correlate these differences with disease-related parameters. MethodsWe developed a novel assay to measure autoantibodies binding to closed and open ADAMTS-13. Autoantibody titer and IgG subclass binding to open or closed ADAMTS-13 were measured in 70 iTTP first presentation samples and correlated with clinical data, remission, and relapse. ResultsIn 70 patients with iTTP, the mean autoantibody titer against open ADAMTS-13 was, on average, approximately 2-fold greater than that against closed ADAMTS-13, suggesting that ADAMTS-13 opening increases epitope exposure and immune complex formation. Autoantibody titer against closed/open ADAMTS-13 and IgG subclass did not correlate with ADAMTS-13 antigen at presentation. Two patients with iTTP and persistent autoantibodies lost specificity for closed ADAMTS-13 in remission. Recognition of closed/open ADAMTS-13 and autoantibody IgG subclass between the first and second iTTP episodes were very similar. ConclusionADAMTS-13 autoantibody binding is highly influenced by ADAMTS-13 conformation. Although this does not appear to modify the pathogenicity of autoantibodies, the autoantibody signature at relapse suggests that relapse represents re-emergence of the original autoimmune response rather than de novo presentation.

Simplified TTI pure qP-wave equation implemented in the space domain and applied for reverse time migration in TTI media

The assumption that the earth’s subsurface is a homogeneous and isotropic medium enables the imaging of important geologic structures but results in information loss, especially in more complex geologic media. Therefore, considering anisotropy is crucial for seismic imaging, particularly the most common anisotropy in geophysics: the transversely isotropic medium. However, this also means a considerable increase in the computational cost of reverse time migration (RTM). Thus, a new pseudoacoustic wave equation for pure qP-wave in tilted transversely isotropic (TTI) media, which can also be efficiently implemented using the finite-difference (FD) method with the unit vector method (UVM), is proposed, aiming to reduce the computational cost of the RTM. The proposed equation solved with fast Fourier transforms is exact and faster for seismic migration than the base equations found in the literature; however, a greater efficiency is achievable by using FD to compute the second derivatives. In contrast, when solved with the UVM, it is kinematically accurate and significantly faster, although dynamically inaccurate as it is an acoustic approximation. The efficiency and efficacy of this new equation are demonstrated by modeling and migrating synthetic TTI data found in the literature.

Legendre wavelet collocation method for investigating thermo-mechanical responses on biological tissue during laser irradiation

Objective of the present work is to propose a numerical approach based on the Legendre wavelet to address a problem of biological tissue in the presence of superficial cancer and analyze the thermo-mechanical behavior during laser irradiation. The model of thermoelasticity with variable thermal conductivity is considered to investigate transient thermoelastic coupling response in the framework of Moore–Gibson–Thompson (MGT) bioheat transfer. The Kirchhoff mapping is first performed to linearize the nonlinear governing equations due to variable thermal properties, then finite difference discretization is applied for the time domain and subsequently space domain is approximated using Legendre wavelets. The collocation points are taken to transform the system of partial differential equations into a set of algebraic equations, from which the solution can be determined. A thorough parametric analysis is carried out to examine the effects of some material and geometrical parameters on the behavior of various fields such as the displacement, temperature, stress and the tumor-normal tissue interface. The outcomes of the present work are graphically shown and compared to the predictions of other existing models. The advantages of the current numerical procedure include its simplicity, effectiveness and low computational cost even with the few collocation points.

Performance Evaluation Method for Intelligent Computing Components for Space Applications.

The computational performance requirements of space payloads are constantly increasing, and the redevelopment of space-grade processors requires a significant amount of time and is costly. This study investigates performance evaluation benchmarks for processors designed for various application scenarios. It also constructs benchmark modules and typical space application benchmarks specifically tailored for the space domain. Furthermore, the study systematically evaluates and analyzes the performance of NVIDIA Jetson AGX Xavier platform and Loongson platforms to identify processors that are suitable for space missions. The experimental results of the evaluation demonstrate that Jetson AGX Xavier performs exceptionally well and consumes less power during dense computations. The Loongson platform can achieve 80% of Xavier's performance in certain parallel optimized computations, surpassing Xavier's performance at the expense of higher power consumption.

A Historical Review of U.S.-China Relations in the Space Domain

A Historical Review of U.S.-China Relations in the Space Domain

Long baseline bistatic radar imaging of tumbling space objects for enhancing space domain awareness

AbstractLong baseline bistatic radar systems herald enhanced sensitivity and metric accuracy for space objects in geosynchronous orbits and beyond. Radio telescopes are ideal participants in such a system; in particular, they often feature large apertures with low‐noise temperatures and have stable, synchronised clocks. Pairing radio telescopes with high‐power radars creates new methodologies for Space Domain Awareness. This paper describes long baseline bistatic measurements using the Millstone Hill Radar in the USA, the Tracking and Imaging Radar in Germany, multiple receivers of the enhanced multi‐element remotely linked interferometer network array in the United Kingdom, and the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope in the Netherlands. The authors, a Research Task Group formed by the NATO Science and Technology Organisation Sensors and Electronic Technology Panel (SET‐293), performed novel bistatic and monostatic radar imaging experiments with real on‐orbit tumbling rocket bodies. These experiments on tumbling objects at near‐geosynchronous orbits highlight successful demonstrations of advanced bistatic Doppler characterisation across diverse imaging geometries. Specialised Doppler processing on tumbling targets, such as the Doppler superpulse algorithm, enables high‐fidelity rotation period estimation and determination of minimum target size.

A Novel Scheduling Algorithm for Improved Performance of Multi-Objective Safety-Critical WSN Using Spatial Self-Organizing Feature Map

Technological advances in the internet of things (IoT) allowed a low-cost, yet small sensor device to operate with limited power in a dynamic harsh environment where human intervention is impossible. The wireless sensor network (WSN) is an example of the IoT in which physical devices’ software and sensors can interconnect to provide application services. It is important that such applications be dependable to meet the required quality of service (QoS) and function as expected. Consequently, the multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem in WSNs aims to address the trade-off among coverage, connectivity, and network lifetime requirements. Node scheduling is one approach of many used to optimize energy in WSNs. The contribution of this work is the proposal of a self-organizing feature map (SOFM) to enhance the node scheduling in WSNs. The proposed SOFM node-scheduling algorithm aims to spatially explore the state space domain and obtain an optimal solution. In our experiment, the proposed SOFM node-scheduling algorithm is evaluated against a comparable algorithm, namely the BAT node-scheduling algorithm, via MATLAB simulator. The results showed that the SOFM node-scheduling algorithm outperformed the latter by 27% and 28% for the maximum and minimum coverage, respectively, with similar performance of 99% of connectivity and network lifetime.

Distortions in focusing laser pulses due to spatio-temporal couplings: an analytic description

Abstract In ultra-short laser pulses, small changes in dispersion properties before the final focusing mirror can lead to severe pulse distortions around the focus and therefore to very different pulse properties at the point of laser–matter interaction, yielding unexpected interaction results. The mapping between far- and near-field laser properties intricately depends on the spatial and angular dispersion properties as well as the focal geometry. For a focused Gaussian laser pulse under the influence of angular, spatial and group-delay dispersion, we derive analytical expressions for its pulse-front tilt, duration and width from a fully analytic expression for its electric field in the time–space domain obtained with scalar diffraction theory. This expression is not only valid in and near the focus but also along the entire propagation distance from the focusing mirror to the focus. Expressions relating angular, spatial and group-delay dispersion before focusing at an off-axis parabola, where they are well measurable, to the respective values in the pulse’s focus are obtained by a ray tracing approach. Together, these formulas are used to show in example setups that the pulse-front tilts of lasers with small initial dispersion can become several tens of degrees larger in the vicinity of the focus while being small directly in the focus. The formulas derived here provide the analytical foundation for observations previously made in numerical experiments. By numerically simulating Gaussian pulse propagation and measuring properties of the pulse at distances several Rayleigh lengths off the focus, we verify the analytic expressions.

LinoSPAD2: an FPGA-based, hardware-reconfigurable 512×1 single-photon camera system.

We report on LinoSPAD2, a single-photon camera system, comprising a 512×1 single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) front-end and one or two FPGA-based back-ends. Digital signals generated by the SPADs are processed by the FPGA in real time, whereas the FPGA offers full reconfigurability at a very high level of granularity both in time and space domains. The LinoSPAD2 camera system can process 512 SPADs simultaneously through 256 channels, duplicated on each FPGA-based back-end, with a bank of 64 time-to-digital converters (TDCs) operating at 133 MSa/s, whereas each TDC has a time resolution of 20 ps (LSB). To the best of our knowledge, LinoSPAD2 is the first fully reconfigurable SPAD camera system of large format. The SPAD front-end features a pitch of 26.2 μm, a native fill factor of 25.1%, and a microlens array achieving 2.3× concentration factor. At room temperature, the median dark count rate (DCR) is 80 cps at 7 V excess bias, the peak photon detection probability (PDP) is 53% at 520 nm wavelength, and the single-photon timing resolution (SPTR) is 50 ps FWHM. The instrument response function (IRF) is around 100 ps FWHM at system level. The LinoSPAD2 camera system is suitable for numerous applications, including LiDAR imaging, heralded spectroscopy, compressive Raman sensing, and other computational imaging techniques.

Multisolitons-like patterns in a one-dimensional MARCKS protein cyclic model

In this paper, we study the nonlinear dynamics of the MARCKS protein between cytosol and cytoplasmic membrane through the modulational instability phenomenon. The reaction–diffusion generic model used here is firstly transformed into a cubic complex Ginzburg–Landau equation. Then, modulational instability (MI) is carried out in order to derive the MI criteria. We find the domains of some parameter space where nonlinear patterns are expected in the model. The analytical results on the MI growth rate predict that phosphorylation and binding rates affect MARCKS dynamics in opposite way: while the phosphorylation rate tends to support highly localized structures of MARCKS, the binding rate in turn tends to slow down such features. On the other hand, self-diffusion process always amplifies the MI phenomenon. These predictions are confirmed by numerical simulations. As a result, the cyclic transport of MARCKS protein from membrane to cytosol may be done by means of multisolitons-like patterns.