Space Tourism Industry Research Articles

Space tourism: an industry with a future?

Research methodology The case is derived from secondary sources, including publicly available reports and information about all companies directly or indirectly engaged in the industry. No primary sources were available. Case overview/synopsis This teaching case is designed for students to demonstrate their mastery of industry-level analysis in the emerging space tourism industry. It allows students to understand what constitutes the industry within the broader space sector and to apply analytical tools such as PESTEL and Porter’s Five Forces, with the option to discuss strategic groups. Students gain insights into how the industry is evolving within its broader environment and how companies could respond or differentiate themselves. Information is also provided for students to consider the broader social impact of a relatively new industry from the perspective of sustainable development. Complexity academic level The case is written for undergraduate and graduate students enrolled in strategic management courses. The case placement is ideally in conjunction with industry-level analytical frameworks such as Porter’s Five Forces, PESTEL analysis, strategic groups (optional) and industry life cycle. Most strategic management textbooks cover these concepts in the first few chapters. For example, “Strategic Management, 14th edition” by Hill, Schilling and Jones (2023) covers these topics in chapter 2. Given that space tourism is an embryonic industry dependent on technological innovation, instructors might also use this case in innovation or entrepreneurship-related courses. This case could also be used to address critical issues, such as sustainability, in tourism management courses.

The Future of Space Exploration

This research study conducts a complete analysis of the diverse future of space travel by tying together historical legacies, current dynamics, and potential paths. The study covers the current era, looking at significant turning events, technological advancements, the influence of commercial groups, and the growing space tourism industry. By discussing upcoming space missions, technological developments that may revolutionise space travel, the difficulties of international collaboration, and the implications for society, future directions are demonstrated. As we examine the problems of technical advancements, economic feasibility, and environmental sustainability, suggested solutions emerge, demonstrating the field's adaptability to changing circumstances.[2] Examined are the moral and social repercussions of human existence away from Earth, emphasising the importance of international inclusivity and collaboration. The study's conclusion emphasises the value of continuous adaptation, interdisciplinary collaboration, and a shared commitment to responsible discovery with an eye towards the future. The exciting future of space travel will be determined by sustained study, policy development, and a shared vision for humanity's cosmic trip.[4] Key Words: — Space exploration, future trends, historical milestones, technological advancements, private space entities, space tourism, upcoming missions, interplanetary travel, international collaboration, societal implications, ethical considerations, sustainability, economic viability, interdisciplinary research, cultural contributions, global governance, continuous adaptation.

Computational modeling of heart failure in microgravity transitions.

The space tourism industry is growing due to advances in rocket technology. Privatised space travel exposes non-professional astronauts with health profiles comprising underlying conditions to microgravity. Prior research has typically focused on the effects of microgravity on human physiology in healthy astronauts, and little is known how the effects of microgravity may play out in the pathophysiology of underlying medical conditions, such as heart failure. This study used an established, controlled lumped mathematical model of the cardiopulmonary system to simulate the effects of entry into microgravity in the setting of heart failure with both, reduced and preserved ejection fraction. We find that exposure to microgravity eventuates an increased cardiac output, and in patients with heart failure there is an unwanted increase in left atrial pressure, indicating an elevated risk for development of pulmonary oedema. This model gives insight into the risks of space flight for people with heart failure, and the impact this may have on mission success in space tourism.

Simulation-Driven and Optimization-Based Design of an Architectural Building: A Case Study of a Space Tourism Building in the UAE

In the constantly changing field of architectural design and meeting the evolving demands of the space tourism industry, this study presents a case study focused on the design of a space tourism building in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (UAE). The main objective of this study is to showcase the integration of simulation-driven and optimization-based methodologies in architectural design to anticipate forthcoming challenges and resolve design-related issues or constraints. This study employs a range of computational tools to optimize various design parameters, including sun path, radiation, shadow, outdoor comfort, and wind simulation, to conduct a more thorough assessment in the process of choosing the best-optimized design. In addition, a finite element analysis (FEA) was carried out to gain insights into the structural behavior of the chosen design under diverse physical conditions. This integration marks a paradigm shift in how architectural projects are conceptualized, developed, and realized by addressing complex challenges and enhancing the functionality, sustainability, and performance of architectural buildings. The findings of this case study demonstrate and prove the potential of simulation-driven and optimization-based design approaches in determining the future of architectural designs. As the UAE strives to become a center for space-related activities, this research helps to drive the realization of cutting-edge, sustainable, and user-centric architectural solutions, paving the way for the next generation of space tourism facilities.

New Space Tourism Sustainability as an Evolving Concept

The recent emergence of the tourism sector in the New Space industry, that provides commercial alternatives to publicly funded “Old Space” operations, fits within other societal trends enhanced by technological developments. There are several possible forms of space tourism and, within each, a growing number of competing space tourism ventures will emerge over time. However, whilst the New Space tourism industry is to provide a tourist with new travel experiences, international climate reports urge for more sustainable operations in all global industries. Therefore, climate change preventing solutions must be sought to decrease any unnecessary impacts caused by this new adventure sector of tourism from the beginning. As there are different variables to consider in the formation of future New Space tourism operations and strategies, this paper also illustrates a new framework of “Societal ethics in space tourism”, involving concepts attached to New Space tourism sustainability; environmental actions, global space regulations, cyberspace tourism, and Generation Z values.

Radiation risk assessment for varying space weather conditions for very high altitude 'near space' tourism balloon flights

Within the next decade it is likely that the space tourism industry will grow dramatically and the number of humans travelling into, and beyond, the stratosphere via commercial entities such as World View and Space Perspective will increase. Current space tourism ventures focus on long duration very high altitude balloon flights; also known as ‘near space’ flights, sub-orbital flights and visits to Low Earth Orbit (LEO). In the next few decades space tourism is ultimately likely to become routine. During these new commercial ventures the effects of cosmic radiation exposure, especially during sudden changes in space weather, such as ground level enhancement (GLE) events, could have significant health implications for crew and passengers. The risks from these rapid changes in space weather and potential radiation exposure during flights is not currently fully understood or even acknowledged. Legislation and regulation for such enterprises is also in its infancy with little or no guidance for commercial entities or potential passengers. Initial work at the University of Surrey has focused on very high altitude ‘near space’ balloon flights. World-wide launch locations for flights have been modelled using MAIRE and CARI-7 computer programs. Flight routes have been monitored, for current commercial and higher flight levels, using the Smart Atmospheric Ionizing Radiation (SAIRA) detector. The modelled flight profiles have been compared with detector data, up to a maximum flight altitude of 30 km (100,000 ft), with varying space weather conditions, from norms to extreme events, to assess the radiation risk presented by potential exposure.Plain Language Summary: An assessment of the risks and potential radiation exposure from flying to ‘near space’ within newly designed observation balloons at very high altitude in the upper atmosphere above the Earth. Looking at the impact of radiation from the sun and sources outside the solar system, and critically when these conditions vary which could result in high levels of exposure.

Seyahat, Yenilik ve Uzay Turizmi

Space tourism industry profit prospects point to largely optimistic and even positive prospects for new entrepreneurs. Today, there is fierce competition between the many space tourism companies competing to give the rich travelers who are ready to pay high fees and who are in pursuit of adventure, to taste the journey of their lives. Thus, Sir Richard Branson made her first civilian space journey with Virgin Galactic space plane in July 2021. More importantly, Amazon founder Jeff Bezos flew to the edge of space with three others in a rocket and capsule developed by private spaceflight company Blue Origin. Billionaire entrepreneur made history as part of the first pilotless suborbital flight with an all-civilian crew. As the space industry matures, the competition between companies has increased. At least a dozen large multinational companies have ventured into space tourism, while a few space tourism companies are operating in the field, with plans to build suborbital vehicles, orbital hotels, and even lunar cruise ships. Space tourists need a destination to maximize their travel experience. A 2005 study reported that Virgin Galactic "received full payment from its first 100 customers" (Gibson, 2012). Income from space tourism includes direct income, economic growth, employment with multiplier economic and social effects.

A space tourism destination: environmental, geopolitical and tourism branding considerations for New Zealand as a ‘launch state’

Favourable media coverage and the New Zealand space agency’s focus on commercial opportunities, positioned within the Ministry of Business Innovation & Employment that is also responsible for tourism, provides a basis for a developing space tourism industry. There are many possible environmental, cultural, and geo-political consequences to being a space launch state with implications for tourism, sustainability, and tourism branding. The ‘100% PURE NEW ZEALAND’ tourism brand in use since 1999 has received on-going criticism from various sources in response to reports of wide-spread environmental degradation in New Zealand, dairy farm conversions causing nitrate run-off and contamination of waterways, and New Zealand’s comparatively high per-capita level of greenhouse gas emissions. The establishment of commercial space launch operations, and the ancillary industrial and service facilities required, opens a new dimension of environmental hazard for New Zealand that has not been considered in the space launch legislation, or any other existing legislation, for regulating the environmental impact of rocket powered high altitude and space vehicles. This paper will examine the environmental, cultural, geopolitical and regulatory issues for New Zealand as a space launch state, and the likely implications for sustainable tourism, tourism branding, and New Zealand as a space tourism destination.

Space Tourism Industry Emergence: Description and Data

This report has 2 goals. The first is to narrate the origins of the space tourism industry using 2 models of industry evolution. The first model, representing the complex and turbulent nature of the innovation process, sequences observed events into a narrative of industry emergence. The second model, listing the industry resources required for successful emergence, referred to as industry infrastructure elements (IIEs), helps identify the relevant industry events from a larger number of component incidents. This research collected more than 8,400 pieces of secondary and archival data from traditional and news aggregator websites, distilled them into ∼400 significant events, and categorized them within the 3 main components of IIEs: Institutional Arrangements, Resource Endowments, and Proprietary Functions. Primary data, collected via 40 interviews of industry members, complemented the secondary data. Organizing the events within these models results in a rich description of the space tourism industry emergence phenomenon. The second goal of this report is to contribute to industry emergence research conducted by others. The data collection methodology in this research followed that of the Minnesota Innovation Research Project, which allows for the collectivization, and sharing, of data sets among multiple innovation researchers, based on a common definition of the innovation process. Therefore, in support of the goal of collectivist data collection, the Supplementary Appendix of this report contains the full data set of space tourism industry emergence events (including citations), for use by like-minded industry emergence researchers.

Featured Research Articles from the Federal Aviation Administration Center of Excellence for Commercial Space Transportation

New SpaceVol. 8, No. 2 Introduction to the Special SectionFree AccessFeatured Research Articles from the Federal Aviation Administration Center of Excellence for Commercial Space TransportationKen DavidianKen DavidianSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:12 Jun 2020https://doi.org/10.1089/space.2020.29028.kdaAboutSectionsPDF/EPUB Permissions & CitationsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail The Center of Excellence for Commercial Space Transportation (COE CST) is a research consortium sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration Office of Commercial Space Transportation and started in 2010. The COE CST, currently in its 10th year of operation, is planned to end in 2022. All COEs pursue three principle goals (research, training, and outreach) and have a 1:1 matching requirement for all federal funding, making the research investment good value for the U.S. taxpayer. COE CST membership includes 10 core universities supplemented by affiliate and associate members, including private organizations and research institutions.Annual executive summary reports of COE CST activities can be found on the web at www.coe-cst.org/administrative-publications, and many COE CST technical publications and journal articles can be found at www.coe-cst.org/publications. As was done in the past, special issues of New Space have also featured COE CST articles. This issue is one of those special issues, and highlights COE CST work performed during the past year. Three of this issue's four research articles are from COE CST participants: one affiliate member (“Why personalized medicine is the frontier of medicine and performance for humans in space,” by Dr. Michael Schmidt of Sovaris Aerospace), one core university member (“Multi-species single-led mid-infrared gas sensor for space habitats and vehicles,” led by Dr. Subith Vasu of the University of Central Florida), and the program manager (“Space tourism industry emergence: description and data,” by Dr. Ken Davidian). I want to mention here that a link to the data supporting this third article is available in the Supplementary Appendix of the article.Also included in this issue is the article entitled “Space resources commodities exchange” by multiple authors from the Colorado School of Mines. This is an excellent article combining technical and financial disciplines on a topic that truly fits the purpose of New Space.Finally, this issue includes an interview with Dr. Timiebi Aganaba-Jeanty, a member of our newly founded Associate Editor Board. I'll write more about the board, and we'll publish interviews with selected members in future issues of New Space.Enjoy!FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 8Issue 2Jun 2020 InformationCopyright 2020, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishersTo cite this article:Ken Davidian.Featured Research Articles from the Federal Aviation Administration Center of Excellence for Commercial Space Transportation.New Space.Jun 2020.56-56.http://doi.org/10.1089/space.2020.29028.kdaPublished in Volume: 8 Issue 2: June 12, 2020PDF download

Delineating acceptable risk in the space tourism industry

ABSTRACT Advances in suborbital, orbital, and beyond orbit space tourism continue to occur at a rapid pace. However, it is uncertain what form this burgeoning industry will take. Some envisage spaceflight as an extension of commercial aviation, a new transport paradigm that would allow flying from London to New York City in less than an hour. Others argue space tourism will remain a niche, high-adrenaline activity suited to adventurers. Finally, space tourism is sometimes instead positioned as more akin to the efforts of explorers, such as early expeditions to Earth’s polar regions. The level of acceptable risk associated with space tourism hinges on which of these categories defines its development during the coming decades. This paper argues that uncertainty regarding the future course of space tourism development complicates delineating the level of acceptable risk in this domain and that this dynamic is likely to lead to problematic industrial and customer relations.

INTERNATIONAL LAW ON SPACE TOURISM IMPLEMENTATION

As space tourism related technology breakthrough, the outlook of mining activities having in space moves spacious to being a fact but it should develop in consent with international law, because the issue of space is a deal of international pointing, since space pointing as explorer zone by humanity. The significant guiding instruments in international space law in relating to space tourism industry are Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, that entered into force on 10 October 1967; Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, entered into force on 11 July 1984. These international treaties mainly condition to the states the freedom on exploration and using space, but at the same time do not consider national appropriation of it. The work also proposes European legislation that is applicable to space tourism. The main attention is given to the Treaty of Lisbon. But during the studying the author proposed the opinion that it can’t be acceptable to space tourism, since it does not directly or even indirectly indicate it. Although it may be applicable as such, due to the lack of appropriate specific acts in the field of space travel. However, this act is recommended as a fundamental basis for further international development of the law on space tourism, as it directly deals with space activities, so it can serve as a guide. The study also doesn’t lose sight of US law, since space tourism increase by US entities through activities with travel destination for the mass. Research show that US have national law instrument for US enforcement in space sphere, besides grants property rights to companies to conduct actions on own risks in space with traveler issue as well and opening it to the mass. Thus interprets the freedom enshrined in the UN space acts at its own expense. However, Outer Space Treaty is not consistent in light of the freedom issue in exploration and it interprets the liberty broadly, but the interdiction narrowly. Due to that, research reaches that current space related legislation regime would let for space journey to develop but not in the path the text of former domestic laws propose. Attention is also drawn to the social meaning consideration for further law implementation. This research examines the emerging role of social data in the context of highlighting law necessity to provide properly advanced international legal act on flights to the space with tourists on a spacecraft. Since, space tourism may affect international law. The findings indicate that social awareness due to geographical indicator could improve current situation in legal regulation of space tourism at risk of international law gap. What is now needed is a cross – national international law study involving law researchers on space tourism issue. An implication of these findings is that both social position and space flights with traveler purpose should be taken into account when international law – maker communityable to implement legal acts about understanding issues on entitlement and | or restriction of space activity as space journey. The unborn looking enterprises concerned in mining outer space a goods are working on protracted timelines on focus with society’s modern needs. The major point of this article is the explanation of the ban on national allocation, as only being a veto on state appropriation. Under the presumption that exegesis would be a violation of the sense society needs, not states as along. In folding on their own the arrangements to dominate objects beyond the competency of any single state, the US is obtaining a step back out of the international community. This will not be a advantage for the interests of nations though. But nevertheless, the author explains this by the fact that such a national privilege is associated with the direct growth of private activity, which required regulation, because at the international level there is no adoption of any specific acts in this area. In order space tourism open-up affect, for commercial companies necessary the potential to gain reasonable benefits and a stable legal setting [1]. Substitute option to the unilateral implementation of a legal base, and one that would sustain law confidence both domestically and internationally, is the modernization of an international regime for the stewardship of space excavation functioning as transmitted in Article 11 of the Moon Agreement. International law does not aid the unilateral provision of rights to conduct over outer space by states to an individual way, or through private corporation and should be accordingly to interpretations of the UN Space Acts disregard the common heritage of mankind. Such would have the prospect to ensure space tourism doesn’t fair bring individual profits, but betters of humanity.

INTERNATIONAL LAW ON SPACE TOURISM IMPLEMENTATION

INTERNATIONAL LAW ON SPACE TOURISM IMPLEMENTATION

Space tourism in the Anthropocene

There is growing acceptance that we are living through a transition between geological ages, from the Holocene to the Anthropocene. This paper examines the burgeoning space tourism industry in relation to the Anthropocene. The development of outer space has significant implications for Earth's inhabitants, yet only a small cadre of individuals, companies, and governments are involved in this process. Space tourism provides a germane context for conceptualising the ongoing debates regarding the extent to which Anthropos - humankind as an undifferentiated, unitary geological force - is responsible for the impacts that have culminated in the Anthropocene. We apply the Capitalocene framework to elucidate how the factors that brought the Anthropocene to fruition are now extending beyond Earth.

Editorial

Editorial
 The first 11 articles in the first issue of 2014 deal with global legal topics ranging from outer space to domestic South African matters and legal challenges in other African countries, such as Uganda, Nigeria and Zimbabwe. Anél Ferreira-Snyman discusses legal challenges relating to the commercial use of outer space, with specific reference to space tourism. She points out that the current legal framework is outdated and no longer deals adequately with the rapidly developing space tourism industry. Further away from the moon, although it deals with creations of the mind and is just as mysterious for the average person, is the contribution of André van der Walt and Richard Shay, which analyses the South African Constitutional Court's treatment of intellectual property. They focus on the methodology that the Court has formulated to assess if state interference complies with constitutional provisions to determine if state intervention into property interests has been legitimate. The third contribution, by Joel Baloyi, also deals with a creation of the mind, namely copyright. He attempts through a comparative analysis to demystify the role of copyright as a tool for economic development in Africa and criticises the stifling effect the transferability principle has on the effectiveness of copyright in certain African countries. Bradley Slade discusses the differences between the concepts "public purpose" and "public interest" in the context of third party transfers as a result of property being expropriated for the realisation of public purposes in the fourth contribution. The influence of the Constitution of South Africa, 1996 on organ transplants is the topic of the fifth contribution, by Debbie Labuschagne and Pieter Carstens. They come to the conclusion that the South African government has failed to provide an effective legal framework to relieve the shortage of human organs available for transplantation. Sixthly, Lize Mills discusses recently proposed regulations prohibiting the advertising and promotion of infant formulae and other products marketed as being suitable for infants or young children with the purpose of promoting breast-feeding. The last five articles move further afield and deal with legal issues elsewhere in Africa. Dana van der Merwe gives a comparative overview of the relationship between digital information in certain legal fields in South Africa and Uganda. Nazreen Shaik-Premanov examines Zimbabwe's Marange conflict diamond situation and Lovemore Chiduza analyses the Zimbabwean constitutional provisions on judicial independence. Peter Obutte scrutinises ICT laws in Nigeria and the last two authors, Serges Kamga and Ogechukwu Ajoku, reflect on addressing human rights violations by extractive industries in both South Africa and Nigeria.
 Four notes are also published in this issue. The first one is an overview article by Christa Rautenbach dealing with the modern-day impact of cultural and religious diversity as reflected in the book on "Managing Family Justice in Diverse Societies". The other four notes are case discussions. The first one is a discussion of the case of Government of the Republic of Zimbabwe v Louis Karel Fick by Erika de Wet. The second one is a discussion of the case of Le Sueur v eThekwini Municipality by Warren Freedman, and the last one is a discussion of the case of Apollo Tyres v South Africa (Pty) Ltd v CCMA by Shamier Ebrahim.
 

Legal Challenges Relating to the Commercial Use of Outer Space, with Specific Reference to Space Tourism

Since the launch of the first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1 in 1957, the outer space arena has evolved to include non-state entities, which are becoming serious participants in outer space activities themselves, including venturing into the space tourism market. Although space tourism is still in its infancy, it is estimated that the number of space tourists will substantially increase within the next few years. As space tourist activities increase, accidents will inevitably occur, which will give rise to legal questions relating to the duty of states to rescue space tourists in distress, and the liability for damages. This contribution points out that the current outer space treaty regime, which focuses on the use of outer space by states, is to a large extent outdated and that it cannot adequately deal with the unique legal challenges presented by the rapidly developing space tourism industry. This situation is exacerbated by the fact that the outer space legal framework is very fragmented – consisting of treaties, UN principles and guidelines, regional regulations and intergovernmental agreements, as well as national guidelines and legislation. In order to ensure that space tourism is indeed to the benefit of all mankind, it is imperative that clear international legal rules relating to space tourism be formulated, where standards are set for the authorisation and supervision of commercial space activities and the interests of states, passengers and private actors are balanced as far as possible. In view of the urgent need to address these legal questions and the consequent lack of time to negotiate a binding legal instrument, it is submitted that, as an interim measure, soft law guidelines should be developed in relation to space tourism in order to provide a framework for the eventual creation of a consolidated and binding legal instrument on all aspects relating to the use and exploration of outer space.

Guardians of the Galaxy: How Space Tourism Regulation Will Shape Telehealth

Journeying to outer space has long been regarded as one of mankind’s greatest adventures – but not one that everyone could experience for themselves. With new technology though, dreams of space travel are quickly becoming a reality: it is expected that ordinary citizens will be able to explore space by the year 2020. However, space travel causes stress on the body, and allowing lay persons to travel into space exponentially increases their health risks. Therefore, if the space tourism industry plans expand into the open-market, the role of telemedicine and telehealth must evolve in order to keep travellers safe and healthy. This article uncovers the ways in which the traditional industry of telemedicine is challenged by the privatization and expansion of space tourism. By examining the economic, technological, political, and regulatory ramifications of the rise of space tourism and space exploration at large, the potential advantages and likely pitfalls are exposed. The article proceeds as follows: Section 2 discusses the nexus of telemedicine and space tourism; section 3 discusses the regulation and standardization necessary to make space travel a viable market in the future; and section 4 offers a practical application of the new technology.

The first decade of commercial space tourism

In order to provide a basis for assessing the future prospects and challenges of space tourism, this paper begins with a brief overview of the history of space tourism. This is followed by a discussion on market demand and current developments in the academic community, as well as the status of traffic tools, regulations and legalization. In market demand, although studies conducted in 1990s assumed the possibility of 500,000 per year in space tourists and several billion USD of annual revenue, in 2008 a relatively modest 13,000 per year was predicted. At this time traffic transport tools including the Soyuz system, CST-100, DragonRider and International Space Station (ISS) can only provide a few tens in spare seats for space tourists per year compared to the projected 20,000 plus seat capacity of the Lynx, Dream Chaser and SpaceShipTwo (SS2) fleets, which have the potential to conduct their first full suborbital test flight and first commercial flight within the coming decade. Added to this, the US government has only a regulatory regime that supports privately owned suborbital space tourism (SST) and no government funded orbital space tourism (OST). These evidences reveal a very high and advantageous potential for SST to form a space tourism industry in the coming decade, whereas the possibility of OST is relatively low. However, even though the prosperity of SST in the coming years is expectable, its maturity, reliability and safety still need to win the confidence of the general public. For examples, the announcement of changes to fuel used in the SS2 rocket engine in May 2014 and the crash of one SS2 while performing test flight on 31 October 2014 indicated the need for much careful preparation, as any accident in commercial operation could seriously damage or even kill its future prospects.

Terrestrial Space Architecture

Space Architecture is not just confined to the extraterrestrial. Guest‐Editor Neil Leach describes how the burgeoning space tourism industry and cultural buildings dedicated to the legacy of space exploration are potentially leading to more earthbound space structures. Here, Leach profiles Foster + Partners' Spaceport America in the Jornada del Muerto desert, New Mexico, and Bevk‐Perovi, Dekleva‐Gregori, OFIS arhitekti and SADAR+VUGA's Cultural Centre of European Space Technologies (KSEVT) in Vitanje, Slovenia.

Space Tourism in Malaysia: A Strategic Move to Boost the Space Industry?

The move to bring space tourism into Malaysia is not something new to the country. The idea has caught the attention of the mass media way before the successful return of our Angkasawan Negara. The hype of this idea is not of the interest of this paper. This paper is more fascinated to understand the relationship between space tourism and space industry. Thus, this paper aims to study the possible implications of space tourism to the development of space industry in Malaysia. The study is basically undertaken based on papers written locally and internationally in regards to the topic. Analyses are made thereupon to deduce all possible implications and hence leading to the final conclusion. This paper will suggest the right stand that Malaysia should take in dealing with space tourism proposals.