Tooth Space Research Articles

Oral Rehabilitation After Maxillary Protraction With Skeletal Anchorage in a Patient With Oligodontia.

To evaluate the outcomes of skeletal anchorage-supported maxillary protraction and prostetic restoration in a patient with class III malocclusion and hypodontia. Anchorage plates were placed in the apertura piriformis region as skeletal anchorage support. Subsequently, 500g orthopedic force per side was applied for maxillary protraction. After protraction, fixed orthodontic treatment corrected the tooth spaces and occlusion. It was made ready for prosthetic restoration. The active treatment process lasted 23 months. After 3 years, long-term follow-up checks were performed and prosthetic restorations were completed. Following treatment, the SNA angle [Angle between cranial base (SN) and point A] increased by 2.96 degrees, and the SN/GoGn [Angle between cranial base (SN) and mandibular plane] angle increased by 0.18 degrees. The SNB [Angle between cranial base (SN) and point B] and FMA angles [Angle between Frankfurt horizontal plane and mandibular plane] decreased by 2.28 degrees and 0.79 degrees, respectively. The overjet increased by 6.35mm. As a result of long-term follow-up, the results were seen to be stable, and ideal smile aesthetics and occlusion were achieved with prosthetic restorations. Skeletal anchorage-supported protraction treatments in class III malocclusion with insufficient dental support lead to significant improvements in profile and facial appearance.

Magnon-mediated optical frequency comb in a cavity optomagnonical system

Generally, optical frequency combs (OFC) are generated through nonlinear effects in optical pumping, such as Kerr nonlinearity, the electro-optic effect, and second-order nonlinearity. Here, we propose an effective mechanism for generating OFC in a cavity optomagnonical system via the nonlinearity of magnon-photon coupling. Our results demonstrate that robust OFC can be achieved in this system when driven by effective nanosecond pulses in the non-perturbation regime. Notably, the addition of an extra microwave pump field can enhance magnon-photon coupling and reduce the system’s reliance on the optical pump field. Furthermore, the number and spacing of the OFC teeth can be adjusted by selecting appropriate experimental parameters. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the quantum and nonlinear properties of magnons and pave the way for the development of OFC devices in integrated optics and photonics.

The Diagnosis and Management of Infraoccluded Deciduous Molars: A Systematic Review.

This study examines IO prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment approaches. A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted, searching PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for articles from the last 15 years. Nine articles were included for qualitative analysis. IO was associated with several complications, including root resorption, altered eruption of adjacent teeth, and space loss within the dental arch. Clinical and radiographic evaluations are key to early detection. Severe cases often require invasive treatments, such as tooth extraction and space maintenance, while mild cases could be monitored. IO is prevalent in pediatric dentistry and can lead to significant dental issues if untreated. Early detection and intervention are crucial for preventing complications like tooth misalignment and impacted premolars. Tailored treatment strategies based on severity, along with increased awareness among dental practitioners, are essential to improve long-term outcomes for affected children.

Analysis of bearing capacity of consolidated clay under the track load of deep-sea mining vehicle

Analysis of bearing capacity of seabed consolidation foundation is conducted. Two types of bearing capacity along the vertical and horizontal directions are derived. The stress distribution between tooth plates is analyzed using the slip line field theory, and the soil between the tooth plates is divided into wedge-shaped rigid zones, passive slip zones, and transition zones. The analysis results show that the ratio of tooth depth to tooth spacing significantly affects the formation pattern of the failure zone between the tooth plates. When the depth-to-spacing ratio is small, all three zones are present, while as the ratio gradually increases, the rigid wedge-shaped zone also increases, the transition zone becomes smaller, and the passive zone disappears. Therefore, it is advisable to arrange a smaller depth-to-spacing ratio to fully exploit the strength potential of the soil between the tooth plates. The results of the finite element method (FEM) analysis also show the existence of active and passive zones beneath the crawler tracks, and due to the combination of orthogonal loadings in the vertical and horizontal directions, there is a phenomenon of skewed stress bubbles in the foundation soil beneath and correctness of the derived bearing capacity of the foundation in this study.

Effect of different types of tooth and post space lengths on the accuracy of the digital post space with intraoral scanning

To create custom posts for endodontically treated teeth with a digital workflow, clinical guidelines governing digital scan techniques are needed. However, the evidence for the accuracy of intraoral scanners (IOSs) is limited for different tooth types and post space lengths. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the trueness of post space scans made with 2 different IOSs for various tooth types and post space lengths. Three different tooth types (maxillary central incisor, maxillary first premolar, and maxillary first molar) with 4 different post space lengths (10, 11, 12, and 13mm) were digitally designed and 3-dimensionally (3D) printed. For each specimen, scans of the post space were made with 2 different IOSs (TRIOS 4 and Primescan). With a computer-aided design (CAD) software program, each scanned post space was compared with the reference file used to 3D print the tooth specimens for trueness and % volume difference of the scanned areas. The 1-way Welch ANOVA and post hoc pairwise Welch t tests were used to analyze normally distributed data. The Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc Dunn tests were used to analyze nonnormally distributed data; when multiple tied values were found, a permutation test was used (α=.05). The TRIOS 4 IOS failed to capture the apical 2mm of post space ≥10 mm. Primescan showed high trueness and volume capture of post space for maxillary central incisors and molars up to 13mm and maxillary first premolars up to 12mm in length. Within the same tooth type, statistically significant differences were found among the 4 different post space length groups for both trueness and volume capture (P<.05). For trueness, the median root mean square (RMS) ranged from 26µm to 134µm; central incisors had the highest trueness, followed by molars, then by premolars. The effect of different post-space lengths on trueness (RMS) varied by tooth type. The volume (%) of the scanned area had a mean percentage range from 76.3% to 100%; premolar teeth had the lowest volume results, followed by central incisors, then by molars. The Primescan IOS can reliably scan post spaces of maxillary central incisors up to 13mm, maxillary first premolars up to 11mm, and maxillary first molars up to 12mm. The TRIOS 4 IOS could not adequately scan post spaces ≥10 mm in length for all the tooth types examined.

Enhancing tribological performance of External Gear Pumps through CFD Analysis of Textured Surfaces and gear Edge Chamfering

Abstract External gear pumps (EGP) have become more and more common in a variety of industrial fields because of their advantageous cost-performance ratio, high efficiency, small design, and reliability. EGP are conceptually simple machines, but the design is often difficult, especially to ensure good performance at high working pressures. Among the internal components of EGP, the lateral plates are two important elements that strongly affect the performance of the machine. In this work, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are performed to investigate the effects of plate with textured surfaces and gear with chamfered edges on the bearing capacity. The simulations of the fluid flow in the oil gap between the gear tooth and the side bushing consider the correct pressure distribution at the inlet and outlet of the meatus, involving in the simulation also the portion of oil in the tooth space volumes surrounding the tooth.

The Impact of Flow Channel Structural Parameters on Both the Hydraulic Performance and Anticlogging Abilities of Variable Flow Emitters

Variable flow emitters are used in subsurface drip irrigation to address challenges in soil moisture transport. This study investigates the impact of flow channel structural parameters on the hydraulic performance and anticlogging ability of emitters using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and experimental tests. The results show that the realizable k–ε turbulence model can be used to simulate the flow field inside the variable flow emitter flow channel. The nRMSE between the measured (qm) and simulated (q) values of the flow rate is 11.23%, and the relative error between the measured (xm) and simulated (x) values of the flow index is 4.66%, which gives a high simulation accuracy. A polar analysis shows that the tooth angle (A) has the smallest effect on the effluent flow rate at 0.1 MPa (q0.1), x, and particle passage rate (η) of the variable flow emitter. Flow channel depth (D), tooth spacing (B), and tooth height (E) have a different order of precedence in the influence of the three indices, which are D &gt; B &gt; E &gt; A, B &gt; E &gt; D &gt; A and E &gt; B &gt; D &gt; A, respectively. The value of η is positively correlated with the mean flow velocity (v) and the mean turbulent kinetic energy (k) in the flow channel, and η tends to increase and then decrease with the increase of x. The retention time of the particles in the flow channel is closely related to the magnitude of v and k. Three multivariate lin ear regression equations (R2 = 0.883–0.995) were constructed for q0.1, x, and η versus the flow channel structural parameters. The optimal design combination of channel structure parameters for different scenarios was determined using the scipy.optimize.minimize function in Python 3.8.0. The research results provide a reference for the optimal design of variable flow emitters.

Reverse engineering of a toothed gear

With the rapid development of modern industry, the need for spare parts has increased. Most mechanical systems have transmission components which are composed of toothed gears. In most cases, the manufacturer of the spare part does not exist on the market and the need to reproduce the failed part needs to be met. Usually, toothed gears are obtained using special cutting machines, like Gleason, Lees-Bradner, and Pfauter. To be able to reproduce the part by using a common manufacturing process, the current paper presents a RE method for obtaining the 3D geometry of a toothed gear in the scope of machining the part using a CNC 3-axis mill. CAD software and 3D scanning technology is used to recreate the gear’s 3D model and ensure accurate dimensions for the gear teeth, including tooth spacing, depth, and angle.

Computer-guided implant surgery and tooth-mirroring digital workflow to treat an esthetically compromised clinical case

Background: In multidisciplinary dentistry, it is common to observe clinical cases that present multiple complications at the end of orthodontic therapy, such as differences in gingival height, alterations in size and shape of the teeth, and reduced residual spaces for implant therapies. Aim: The aim of the study was to solve an esthetic case with the help of digitally assisted prosthetic and surgical design. Methods: A young patient had been treated orthodontically for the agenesis of tooth 12 and the conoid shape of tooth 22. Previous therapy consisted of opening the space for tooth 12 by positioning a Maryland-type composite bridge, followed by reconstruction with a composite of tooth 22. Various composite reconstructions on teeth 11 and 21 were no longer adequate. Furthermore, both elements had discordant coronal axes, the diastema was observed at the incisal level, and tooth 21 was approximately 1 mm longer than tooth 11. Radiographic analysis revealed that the roots of teeth 11 and 13 converge, providing sufficient space for the insertion of a small-diameter implant. An intraoral scan and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) were performed; both data files were merged using surgical design software. A surgical guide was developed for the insertion of an implant in site 12. After insertion, the composite bridge, which was no longer suitable, was removed and a new temporary metal-composite Maryland bridge was positioned. Using an artificial intelligence tool of the design software, tooth 22 was isolated, mirrored, inserted in site 12 to reproduce the gingival profile, and subtracted from the digital impression. A technician then copied this emergence profile to build a zirconia prosthetic crown to be screwed on the implant. Teeth 22, 11, and 21 were restored with a lithium disilicate crown and two veneers, respectively. Results: The initial digital design and the use of a guided surgery procedure allowed for the insertion of a small diameter implant without damaging the roots of the adjacent teeth. The prosthetic design procedure, using the digital tools of the design program, made it possible to standardize and create symmetrical gingival profiles of teeth 12 and 22. The overall composition was completed by the use of minimally invasive adhesive prosthetic techniques on teeth 11, 21, and 22. Conclusion: Digital resources have become essential tools for dental professionals. The knowledge and use of technologies like intraoral scanning and CBCT, combined with various innovations such as artificial intelligence in prosthetic and implant design software, enable dentists to manage even the most complex interdisciplinary clinical cases with greater confidence. Relevance for Patients: Digital techniques are now widely used across all fields of dentistry. This has led to the need for operators of all ages to adjust their decision-making process compared to traditional techniques. These new techniques have also improved communication with patients, allowing the dental team to have a clearer understanding of the clinical path to follow and consequently offer their patients precise dentistry solutions.

Morphological Analysis and Bond Strength to Root Canal Dentin of Endodontically Treated and Retreated Teeth: An Ex Vivo Study.

To assess the bond strength and the hybrid layer (HL) micro-morphological characteristics at the cement-dentin interface (CD-i) between root canal walls and two adhesive resin cements [self-etch (SERc) and self-adhesive (SARc)] in root-canal-treated (RCT) and naturally aged retreated teeth (RCR-T). Vital (n &#61; 16) and RCT (n &#61; 16) teeth were, respectively, endodontically treated or retreated. Fiber posts were luted either with SERc (Clearfil Universal Bond Quick &#43; DC Core Plus) or SARc (iCEM). Samples were then sectioned into 1 mm thick slices perpendicular to the fiber post and submitted to push-out bond strength test. Vital (n &#61; 4) and RCT (n &#61; 4) first maxillary molars were also selected and prepared to evaluate CD-i morphology through confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post-hoc tests were assessed to statistically analyze the obtained data (p 0.05). Bond strength was significantly jeopardized in retreated teeth and in the root apical half, while the cements had no significant influence. Most failures occurred between dentin and resin cement. HL thickness was also hindered in retreated teeth. iCEM produced a thinner HL compared to SERc. Resin tag formation was significantly hampered in the root apical half. SARc performed as well as SERc on aged RCT radicular dentin. Clinicians can rely on simplified one-step luting systems when adhesion is required in unfavorable substrates such as the root canal post space of aged RCT teeth.

Simulation Research on the Control Method of Bow-Collapse in Gear Cold Roll-Beating

Bow-collapse is a type of geometric defect in the gear cold roll-beating process. In order to effectively control bow-collapse and improve material utilization, this paper calculates the cross-section radius of the blank according to the volume invariance principle of metal plastic deformation, and then performs FE simulation of the cold roll-beating process by using the cyclic beating of adjacent tooth spaces and intermittent blank feeding method. The flow state of metal particles is investigated, revealing that the movement of metal particles along the axial direction of the blank is the main reason for the formation of bow-collapse. This paper proposes a method to correct the cross-section radius of the blank and thus control for bow-collapse, where the loss coefficient K characterizes the state of metal particle loss in an infinitesimal thickness region on the cross-section. The analytical equation for calculating the corrected value of the cross-section radius is derived, and the corrected value is calculated. Conducted on the modified blank, cold roll-beating FE simulation results show that bow-collapse is effectively controlled, and the loss coefficient K correctly reflects the loss state of metal particles on the cross-section. The simulation results also show that after cold roll-beating, the gear teeth with standard face width and tooth depth can be obtained after two turning end faces and turning tip circle processes. The bow-collapse control method proposed in this paper effectively improves material utilization.

Optical frequency combs and chaos in a hybrid atom–cavity optomagnonical system via the synergy of double-probe fields

We theoretically investigate the modulation of optical frequency combs and chaos by the synergy of double-probe fields in the hybrid atom–cavity optomagnonical system consisting of a yttrium iron garnet sphere, a two-level atom, and a tapered fiber. Our results show that in the case of a single-probe field, the atom-optical mode coupling strength and amplitude strength of the probe field can effectively modify the tooth spacing (from one to one-half tooth spacing) of the optical frequency combs, as well as the entry or withdrawal of chaos. In a chaotic region, the relative phases between the control and probe fields can also be adjusted to withdraw chaotic motion. Moreover, we demonstrate the generation of hybridized fraction-order frequency combs via the synergy of double-probe fields, which is caused by the sum and difference frequency effects of sidebands. Interestingly, it is found that through the synergy of the double-probe fields, the system can enter a chaotic state under lower applied field intensity, which is modulated by the amplitude strengths and relative phases of the dual probe fields. In addition to providing insight into the characteristics of optical frequency combs and chaos in the hybrid atom–cavity optomagnonical system, our research may offer a new perspective for the development of precision measurements and secret information processing.

A Novel Prediction Model for Churning Power Loss of Spur Gear

ABSTRACTThe prediction of churning power loss has been a difficult problem in the analysis of spur gears. Thus, an analytical prediction model based on the redefinition of churning power loss and energy transformation is proposed to estimate the churning power of spur gears. Churning power loss is defined as the combination of the power loss due to the drag on the end face, the power loss due to the tangential flow, the power loss due to the acceleration of lubricants in the tooth space, and the power loss due to the centrifugal force. Several comparisons of prediction and experimental results are made and good agreement of those is obtained. Finally, the components of churning power loss under different gears and work conditions are analyzed, and the influences of each part on churning power loss are obtained.

Rapid and high-precision measurement method for fine pitch gears without high-precision installation

To address the measurement issues posed by fine pitch gears, due to the characteristics such as low stiffness and narrow tooth space, this paper proposes a rapid and high-precision measurement method which does not require precise installation by combining optical and visual principles. A calibrated artifact, featuring cylindrical and flat surfaces, was designed to accurately determine the relative positions of the line laser sensor, camera, and rotary table. An experimental setup was constructed, and measurement experiments were conducted on two types of cylindrical gears. To validate the precision of the measurement system, gear profile deviation, helix deviation and pitch deviation were evaluated according to ISO 1328-1:2013. The results were compared with the reference evaluations from Klingelnberg Gear Measuring Center P26, with difference less than 2.4µm. Eight repeatability experiments were conducted, demonstrating that the method proposed satisfies the measurement requirements for fine pitch gears with an accuracy of class 6.

Enhancing orthodontic precision: A comprehensive review of temporary anchorage devices

Temporary anchorage devices (TADs) have revolutionized orthodontic treatment by providing additional support for tooth movement, enabling precise control over tooth positioning, and expanding the scope of treatment options available to orthodontists. Temporary anchoring devices (TADs) provide a dependable means of accomplishing efficient and consistent tooth movement, and have emerged as a key breakthrough in modern orthodontic practice.: The present review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of TADs, including their types, applications, advantages, and limitations. : The review begins by elucidating the various types of TADs, such as mini-implants, miniplates, and microscrews, highlighting their differences in design, placement techniques, and biomechanical characteristics. Subsequently, it explores the diverse clinical applications of TADs, ranging from orthodontic tooth movement, space closure, intrusion, and extrusion to the management of skeletal discrepancies and complex cases requiring multidisciplinary approaches.: Moreover, the review examines the advantages offered by TADs, including enhanced treatment precision, reduced reliance on patient compliance, and the ability to achieve challenging tooth movements with minimal side effects. It also addresses the limitations and potential complications associated with TADs, such as risk of infection, mucosal irritation, and mechanical failure, emphasizing the importance of careful patient selection, proper placement techniques, and vigilant monitoring throughout treatment, highlighting their potential to further enhance orthodontic outcomes and patient satisfaction.: The significant role of temporary anchorage devices in modern orthodontic practice, emphasizing their versatility, efficacy, and potential to optimize treatment outcomes while minimizing the reliance on traditional anchorage methods and enhancing patient comfort and experience.

A Poly(Ionic Liquid)‐Based Polymer Binder for Endurable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

AbstractThough polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is widely‐used binder for conventional lithium‐sulfur (Li–S) batteries, it still encounters challenges of severe electrode fracture involved by drastic volume change upon repeating cycling, and lack of extended‐functions like trapping dissolved polysulfides and smoothing Li+ transfer. Herein, a methodology of grafting sulfophilic hydrogen‐bond donor and lithiophilic hydrogen‐bond acceptor to the polymer binder (named as PIL), function as gear teethes and tooth spaces, is reported. When cracks occur, the engaged gears driven by dynamic hydrogen bonds are separated, which are spontaneously reformed owing to the automatic meshing of gears, and thus accelerate the healing of cracks. At the molecular level, the synergetic effect of sulfophilic hydrogen‐bond donor and lithiophilic hydrogen‐bond acceptor enables polysulfides immobilization through “push‐pull effect”, facilitating the subsequent redox kinetics. Accordingly, the cross‐link network of hydrogen bonds endows the elaborated designed polymer binder with strong adhesive strength and rapid Li+ migration. Attributed to these beneficial properties, the PIL‐based sulfur cathode exhibits excellent rate performance and superior cycling durability (an ultralow capacity fading rate of 0.062% per cycle over 800 cycles at 2 C). Even with high sulfur loading of 9.27 mg cm−2, a high areal capacity of 8.71 mAh cm−2 can be achieved, verifying its potential application.

Parents' Knowledge and Awareness About the Importance of Primary Teeth and Space Maintainers in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Primary teeth are important for eating, speaking, and esthetics, as well as for guiding the eruption and maintaining the space for the permanent teeth. The best space maintainers (SM) for permanent dentition are the natural primary teeth. The aim of this study was to assess parents' knowledge and awareness of the importance of primary teeth and SM in Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional study invited parents who were living in Saudi Arabia via different social media platforms to complete a validated questionnaire. The data collected included demographic characteristics, questions about parents' knowledge of their children's oral hygiene, and the importance of primary teeth, as well as questions about knowledge of SM. A total of 392 participants completed the questionnaire. Dental problems and pain were the most common reasons for visiting the pediatric dentist (n=260; 66.3%). With respect to the age at which the first primary tooth erupted, more than half of the parents (n=270; 68.9%) knew the correct age. Only 43.3% (n=168) of the parents had received any information about SM and only 39.5% (n=155) of them knew their purpose. Most parents agree that treating primary teeth is important for their children's oral health and development. However, most are unaware of an SM's purpose. We recommend that dentists discuss SM's importance with parents actively after extracting their child's teeth. This will help increase parents' awareness and understanding of SM and encourage them to be more informed about this dental treatment option.

A two-stage flank correction method for the continuous generation of face gears

Face gear pairs are particularly suitable for application in advanced equipment drivetrains with intersecting shafts. The continuous generation process of face gear tooth flanks using worms offers high machining efficiency, but achieving high accuracy in this process remains a considerable challenge. A two-stage flank correction method for face gears ground by worms on a computer numerical control (CNC) generator is proposed. This method comprehensively involves both the worm dressing and face gear grinding stages, considering the actual machine tool structure and constant offsets among its axes. Firstly, the machining kinematics for both stages are derived and the high-order tooth flank model of the face gears is developed. Secondly, the sensitivity of tooth flank deviations to variations in the kinematic coefficients is analyzed, and the deviations on both flanks of the tooth space generated with initial kinematics are measured. Finally, three cases of correction for the measured deviations are compared using the proposed method. Correcting only the grinding stage is effective and computationally inexpensive, and employing this case for manufacturing face gear tooth flank significantly reduces deviations.

Comparison of the different methods of width estimation in unerupted canine and premolars

BackgroundThere are different methods for determining the required space for unerupted teeth. However, the accuracy of these techniques varies depending on ethnic differences. Therefore, the current study was performed to compare the accuracy of four methods for estimating the mesiodistal width of unerupted canines and premolars in a population of northern Iran.MethodsThe present cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 pairs of dental casts of patients aged 12–24 years old. The mesiodistal width of the teeth was measured with a digital caliper by two observers (ICC < 0.9), and the mean value was recorded. The space required for eruption of canines and premolars was obtained by the Tanaka-Johnson formula and the Moyers tables and compared with the actual value by paired t test.ResultsThe Tanaka-Johnson formula had overestimation in the maxilla and mandible, which was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The values obtained from the Moyers tables in different confidence levels were not accurate. However, the 65% level for the mandible had almost no difference from the actual value (P = 0.996 and r2 = 0.503). Furthermore, linear regression was obtained based on the total mesiodistal width of the maxillary first molar and mandibular central incisor (maxilla: Yx= 0.613X + 2.23 and mandible: Ym= 0.618X + 1.6) and the total mesiodistal width of the mandibular first molar and maxillary central incisor in each jaw (maxilla: Yx = 0.424X + 5.021 and mandible: Ym = 0.447X + 3.631).ConclusionThe Tanaka-Johnson method was overestimated in the population of northern Iran. The 85% and 75% confidence levels of the Moyers table have the best clinical results for the maxilla and mandible, respectively. Regression based on maxillary first molars and mandibular central incisors has better results.

Ankyloglossia-Related Speech Articulation Correction in Orthodontics: A Case Report

The ability of the tongue to protrude and elevate is the most crucial characteristic for activities like eating, speaking, nursing, and the development of dental arches. When the lingual frenum is short and tight, it can hinder the movement of the tongue, leading to malalignment of anterior teeth and Speech Articulation. This article discusses a case report of a 20-year-old male patient with a chief complaint of speech difficulty, maxillary anterior teeth spacing, and mandibular anterior teeth crowding. There was lingual frenum attachment suggestive of mild ankyloglossia. Patient underwent a lingual frenectomy pro- cedure under local anaesthesia which resulted in speech correction and relief of lower anterior crowding. Maxillary anterior spacing and midline diastema was corrected with orthodontic mechanotherapy and labial frenectomy, re- spectively. In cases where the frenulum anomaly is severe enough to result in both mechanical and functional limitations, surgery to reduce the frenulum (frenulectomy) is recommended. In consequence, it is fair to state that the chief complaint of inappropriate speech of the patient need to be resolved by an interdisciplinary approach.