Soybean Oil Research Articles

Highly Efficient Process for Producing a Jet-A1 Biofuel Component Through Hydroprocessing Soybean Oil over Ni and Pt Catalysts

This study presents an efficient process for producing sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) from soybean oil through hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) and hydroisomerization (HI). The research utilized a commercial nickel catalyst for the HDO step, and a newly developed platinum catalyst supported on SAPO-11 zeolite for the hydroisomerization (HI) stage. The process parameters, including temperature and pressure, were optimized to maximize conversion efficiency and meet ASTM D7566 standards. The results indicate that the HDO process using the nickel catalyst achieved a high yield of n-alkanes (97.8% ± 0.4%) with complete conversion of triglycerides. In the subsequent hydroisomerization step, the platinum catalyst demonstrated excellent selectivity for Jet-A1 fuel, yielding a bio-jet fraction of 87.5% ± 1.6% in a 200 h continuous test. This study also highlights the minimal coking phenomena and high catalyst stability throughout the process. This work suggests that soybean oil, as a readily available feedstock, could significantly contribute to the production of SAF and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the aviation sector. Additionally, the optimization of temperature and pressure conditions is crucial for enhancing the yield and quality of the final bio-jet product.

Factors Influencing Export of Soya Bean Oil from India: A Panel Gravity Model Analysis

Soya bean, the ‘miracle bean’, belongs to the family Leguminoceae, subfamily Papilionoidea. Soya bean oil is one of the most widely consumed cooking oils and is rich in linolenic acid. In the past 20 years the export of soya bean oil from India was mainly focused on Bhutan, Jordan, Canada, Singapore and Myanmar. The data was collected from 2002-03 to2021-22. The sources of data were Food and Agriculture Organization Statistics (FAOSTAT), Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics (DGCIS), International Monetary Fund (IMF), Statista and Trade map. The panel data was estimated by the Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) method. For soya bean oil the per capita GDP of India's trading partners, distance, trade openness, and exchange rates are the most significant factors affecting bilateral trade. While partner countries' prosperity and liberal trade policies boost trade, greater distances and unfavorable exchange rates hinder it. India's GDP and domestic inflation show minimal impact on trade flows. Wooldridge test indicated no first-order auto-correlation.

Direct Synthesis of the Ce-SBA-15 Catalyst Doped with MoO3 for Application in the Transesterification Reaction of Soybean Oil

Objective: Synthesize and characterize the heterogeneous catalyst MoO₃/Ce-SBA-15, to be applied in the transesterification reaction of soybean oil. Theoretical Framework: The molecular sieve SBA-15 is a mesoporous silica used as a support for the dispersion of active metals. Modification with cerium (Ce) enhances the textural properties, while doping with molybdenum oxide (MoO₃) increases the catalytic activity. This catalyst is applied in transesterification for the production of biodiesel, a renewable and efficient biofuel to replace fossil diesel. Method: Ammonium cerium nitrate was introduced along with the silica source in the synthesis gel, evaluating different Si/Ce molar ratios (10, 20). The obtained material was doped with MoO3 using the pore saturation method and evaluated in the transesterification reaction at different temperatures. Results and Discussion: Characterization analyses indicated that the longer crystallization time (48h) and the introduction of Ce into the structure improved the crystalline and textural properties of SBA-15. The presence of MoO₃ in its orthorhombic phase was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The maximum yield of methyl esters was 86.56% at 150°C using the 15MoO3/10Ce-SBA-15 catalyst. Research Implications: This research developed a new catalyst efficient in biodiesel production, contributing to the field of catalysis. Promoting advances in renewable energy and sustainability. Originality/Value: This study reports the influence of Ce as a structural promoter in the synthesis of a new catalyst (MoO3/Ce-SBA-15) to be applied in the transesterification reaction for biodiesel production.

Waste‐Derived Catalyst for Biodiesel Manufacturing in CO2‐Free Manner: Preparation, Catalytic Activity and Reuse Studies

Currently, CaO‐based catalysts for biodiesel manufacturing are produced by calcination of available limestone ore consisting of CaCO3. The production of 1 ton of CaO catalyst resulted in 0.89 tons of CO2 emission, and every ton of the catalyst provided only 20 tons of biodiesel in non‐reusable manner. In this work, a CaO‐based catalyst was obtained by calcination of Ca(OH)2, a large‐tonnage waste from acetylene manufacturing via calcium carbide route (carbide slag), producing H­2O as a by‐product instead of CO2. Amazingly, carbide slag – a waste – was active in catalytic transesterification of soybean oil skipping calcination or any pretreatment steps and provided biodiesel in 28% yield! Moreover, biodiesel was obtained in 98% yield after catalyst calcination at 600 °C for at least 4 times accompanying zero CO2 emission. The obtained catalysts were characterized by XRD, XRF, FTIR, TGA, SEM‐EDX and BET surface area analysis. The best conversion of soybean oil was achieved using 1 wt% CS600, MeOH:oil ratio of 12:1, by boiling at 65 °C for 2 h. The catalyst reuse was found out using two approaches: "catalyst isolation" (5 cycles with yield ≥ 80%) and "fresh start" (up to 7‐10 cycles with yield ≥ 80%).

Identification of MAPK Genes in Phaseolus vulgaris and Analysis of Their Expression Patterns in Response to Anthracnose

The oil bean is a high-quality, economically valuable variety of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) that is widely cultivated in Northeast China. However, the prevalence of anthracnose, caused by a combination of factors, including continuous cropping over many years, has led to significant declines in both yield and quality. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved plant cell signaling pathway that plays a pivotal role in plant growth and development, as well as responses to biotic stress. However, its role in the response of P. vulgaris to anthracnose infection has not previously been reported. We identified and characterized thirteen MAPK genes (PvMAPK01–PvMAPK13) in the P. vulgaris genome. These genes were found on eight of the eleven chromosomes of P. vulgaris, and phylogenetic analyses classified them into four previously established subgroups (A–D). Analysis of the cis-acting elements in their promoter regions revealed the presence of multiple elements associated with light, hormone regulation, stress responses, and growth and development. An analysis of intraspecific collinearity revealed that whole-genome and/or segmental duplication, rather than tandem duplication, has been the primary driver of PvMAPK family expansion in P. vulgaris. Transcriptome data revealed that the PvMAPKs differed in their tissue-specific expression patterns, with PvMAPK05 showing particularly high expression in stems and stem tips and PvMAPK07 and PvMAPK11 showing relatively low expression across all tissues. In general, expression of the PvMAPKs was higher in stems, stem tips, and pods than in other tissues and organs, suggesting that they may be particularly important for regulating stem and pod development. Analysis of the expression of PvMAPKs in field-grown plants infected or uninfected with anthracnose revealed that the relative expression levels of PvMAPK05, PvMAPK07, PvMAPK09, and PvMAPK11 exhibited particularly significant changes in response to anthracnose infection across different varieties, suggesting their potential involvement in the anthracnose response of Phaseolus vulgaris. This study reports the fundamental characteristics of the thirteen MAPK genes in P. vulgaris, documents their expression patterns in diverse tissues, and offers preliminary insights into their responses to anthracnose infection, establishing a foundation for subsequent functional validation.

A high-rate A2O bioreactor with airlift-driven circulation and anoxic hybrid growth for enhanced carbon and nutrient removal from a nutrient rich wastewater.

Within this research, a one-stage hybrid dual internal circulation airlift A2O (DCAL-A2O) bioreactor was designed and operated to simultaneously remove carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous (CNP) from milk processing wastewater (MPW) in different operational circumstances. The substantial operating variables monitored in this work were including hydraulic retention time (HRT), airflow rate (AFR) and aeration volume ratio (AVR) ranged from 7-15 h, 1-3 L/min and 0.324-0.464, respectively. From the view point of economics and process function, the optimum conditions were obtained at the HRT, AFR and AVR of 10 h, 2 L/min and 0.464, respectively. At the optimum conditions TCOD, TN, TP removal efficiencies and effluent turbidity were reported to be 97 %, 90 %, 92 % and 9 NTU, respectively. The impact of wastewater biodegradability (BOD5/COD) was evaluated on the bioreactor performance using two other wastewaters i.e. soft drink (SDW) and soybean oil plant wastewaters (SOW) in comparison with the MPW. Removal efficiencies for TCOD and TN exceeding 80 % were observed. The feeding location revealed a prominent impact on the TN and phosphorous removal efficiencies (both ≥ 80 %) related to the availability degree of the readily biodegradable organic substrate to denitrifiers and PAOs. The rise in HRT, AFR and AVR resulted in reducing microbial secretions as SMP present in sludge and bioreactor effluent as well as loosely bounded EPS (LB-EPS), reported to be 26, 28, 32.5 and 194.4 mg/L TOC, respectively. Different bacteria species were present at optimum conditions confirming concurrent CNP removal in a single body. Finally, the operating cost evaluation verified the effectiveness of the hybrid airlift A2O treating the MPW.

Selective Nitric Oxide Redistribution by Phospholipid Nanoparticles: A Novel Strategy to Mitigate Massive Nitric Oxide Release and Prevent Reperfusion Injury in Septic Shock.

Nitric oxide plays a critical role in regulating vascular tone, but excessive nitric oxide release during septic shock results in hypotension due to excessive vasodilation and the formation of toxic free radicals. VBI-S is a phospholipid nanoparticle based fluid composed of lipid bilayers formed primarily by phosphatidylcholine and micelles of soybean oil encapsulated by a monolayer of phosphatidylcholine. These nanoparticles offer a novel solution by absorbing and redistributing nitric oxide and nitrite, potentially mitigating the harmful effects of excessive nitric oxide in sepsis. This paper proposes a mechanism in which VBI-S not only redistributes nitric oxide but also reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury by limiting the production and availability of reactive species. VBI-S captures nitric oxide and nitrite in areas of high concentration and redistributes them in low-nitric oxide environments, primarily within oxygen-deprived tissues. Nitrite then contributes to nitric oxide regeneration in hypoxic conditions via various reduction pathways, thereby improving tissue perfusion and minimizing oxidative stress. Preliminary studies suggest that nitrite may also decrease reactive species production, primarily superoxide, through the inhibition of mitochondrial complex I. Additionally, the lipid composition of VBI-S is rich in poly and monounsaturated fatty acids which allows VBI-S to act as a substrate for peroxidation via peroxynitrite. Therefore, VBI-S acts as a decoy target thereby protecting cellular membranes from oxidative damage caused by reactive species. These findings position VBI-S as a promising therapeutic agent, offering both nitric oxide regulation and protection against hypotension and toxic free radicals in septic shock patients. Further research is necessary to fully elucidate the molecular pathways and optimize its clinical application.

Post‐Print Processing to Minimize Cytotoxicity of 3D‐Printed Photopolymer Resins for Biomedical Applications

ABSTRACTLight‐based 3D printing techniques, including stereolithography (SLA) and digital light processing (DLP), are of great utility owing to their ability to create complex geometries with high speed, high spatial resolution, and often, optical transparency. These are useful for fabricating custom components and structures for various biomedical applications—scaffolds, implants, microfluidic devices, in vitro cellular experiments, etc. However, a drawback of light‐based methods is that uncured resin monomers and other additives have the potential for cytotoxic effects, adversely impacting cells and tissues. In this study, we investigate a facile method to process light‐based 3D printing to mitigate cytotoxicity. Three optically clear, photocurable resins—a commercially available acrylate‐based resin, BioMed Clear, and an ecoresin derived from soybean oil—are subjected to various post‐treatment protocols. These involve combinations of isopropanol (IPA) washing, UV curing, and water or IPA agitation. The in vitro cytotoxicity and effect on cell proliferation are characterized using two cell lines (myoblasts and fibroblasts). Compared to untreated controls, IPA or water wash, and cleaning with a commercial developer, the results indicate that a short postprint cure with double IPA wash effectively reduces cytotoxicity across all resins, particularly BioMed Clear and ecoresin, maintaining nearly 100% cell viability after 7 days and avoiding material cloudiness or brittleness. The study therefore highlights a low‐cost postprint treatment method applicable to existing commercial resins and 3D printers. The minimization in leachate and cytotoxicity of optically clear 3D‐printed parts can pave the way for broader adoption in resource‐limited settings and safer use in cell studies, microfluidics, and other biomedical applications.

Dynamically Crosslinking Cellulose Nanofibers and Epoxy Soybean Oil toward Tough, Recyclable, and Degradable Bioplastics

Dynamically Crosslinking Cellulose Nanofibers and Epoxy Soybean Oil toward Tough, Recyclable, and Degradable Bioplastics

High strength, high sensitivity, hydrophobic and conductive vegetable oil-based composites for human motion detection

The vulnerability of infants and young children due to their fragile bodies and inability to effectively express physical discomfort has raised widespread of concern in the society. As it continues to be difficult to develop sensors with superior mechanical qualities and response sensitivity for use in health monitoring and recognition. Here, a polymer known as, Polyurethane Thermoplastic Elastomer, enhanced by crosslinking which is prepared from Isophorone Diisocyanate (IPDI), soybean oil polyol ED, and polycaprolactone triol (PCT-L) also referred to as PTIED, was prepared based on previously prepared soybean oil polyol ED and polycaprolactone triol (PCT-L) as soft segments, with IPDI as hard segments. This was followed by the preparation of the PTIED-CNT sensor by using PTIED as a matrix and hydroxyl carbon nanotubes (CNT) as a conductive filler. The mechanical properties of the obtained PTIED-CNT sensor have been enhanced, with a tensile strength of approximately 5 MPa. The sensitivity GF of the PTIED-CNT7 % can reach up to 805.67 and remains stable after 4500 seconds of continuous operation at 10 % strain. Moreover, the device can support high stability in a simulated sweat environment and exhibit antibacterial and hydrophobic, which could be used to check for small movements, such as those of the face and throat, and could also recognize sound. Therefore, its potential applications in respiratory monitoring of infants as well as other health monitoring applications are expected.

A comparative study of different soybean oil forms on the physicochemical properties of surimi myofibrillar protein gel: The role of soybean protein isolate and κ-carrageenan

Natural soybean oil, Pickering emulsion, high-internal-phase emulsion (HIPE), and emulsion gel were prepared to investigate their effects on the physicochemical properties of surimi myofibrillar protein gels. Their effects on gel strength ranked as: emulsion gel > Pickering emulsion > HIPE > soybean oil. At the same oil content, the emulsion gel exhibited higher G' than the other forms whereas natural oil exhibited the lowest G', and T22 was smaller in the emulsion gel group, indicating that the emulsion gel enhanced the interaction between water molecules and protein macromolecules. FT-IR testified that 9 % natural oil reduced the β-sheet content to 26.34 %, whereas Pickering emulsion, HIPE, and emulsion gel recovered the β-sheet content to 31.30 %, 36.17 %, and 32.69 %, respectively. Emulsion gel led to fewer voids, and the oil droplets in emulsion gel were more regularly spherical and homogeneously dispersed in the gel matrix, which might be attributed to the filling effects as well as “bridging action” of soybean protein isolate and κ-carrageenan within surimi proteins. In conclusion, we demonstrated emulsion gel as a good replacer to mitigate the negative effect of oil on the texture and structure of surimi gels, which would be a promising approach for oil supplementation in surimi production.

Biobased hydrophobic liquid mulch film from soybean oil and starch for enhanced terraced field cultivation.

Terraced agriculture faces soil loss during rainstorms leading to natural disasters and crop growth impediments. This study describes a novel biobased hydrophobic liquid mulch film comprised of waste soybean oil, starch, and acrylate monomers that can be used to enhance terraced field cultivation. The novel film, optimized at a 3:7 soybean oil to acrylate monomers ratio, exhibited superior spray ability, reduced wicking, and excellent film formation, which are crucial for its effectiveness as a water erosion barrier. The wet state of the SOSA film demonstrated optimal impact resistance, with increased elongation at break and reduced breaking strength compared to its dry state, facilitating seedling emergence. It significantly improved soil moisture retention (4.8-5.7 %) and temperature (0.9-5.6 °C) and boosted maize seed germination by 28 %. Under extreme conditions of a 24° slope and 90 mm/h rainfall, the SOSA film achieved an 80.6 % reduction in soil loss and a 57.4 % increase in pakchoi yield over bare soil. This study's comprehensive analyses confirmed the film's formation mechanism and provided a scientific basis for its practical application performance, highlighting the film's unprecedented success in using waste materials for sustainable terrace farming and its potential as a transformative approach to soil conservation and crop productivity.

Effect of different dietary oil sources on the performance, egg quality and antioxidant capacity during the late laying period

This study investigated the effects of different dietary ratios of linseed and soybean oils on the performance, egg quality, and antioxidant capacity of late-phase laying hens. A total of 360 70-week-old Jinghong laying hens were randomly assigned to four groups of six replicates each, with 15 chickens per replicate. Diets with linseed oil to soybean oil ratios of 3:0 (T1), 2:1 (T2), 1:2 (T3), and 0:3 (T4) were fed for 4 weeks. No significant differences in egg weight, feed intake of laying hens, egg production, or feed-to-egg ratio (P > 0.05) were observed among the groups. Compared with the T4 group, the T2 group had a significantly higher number of 8–10 mm follicles. Moreover, albumen height and Haugh units were significantly higher in the T3 group than in the T4 group (P < 0.05), although significant differences were not observed among the T1, T2, and T3 groups. With an increase in linseed oil addition to the feed, the content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in chicken eggs significantly increased (P < 0.05). Compared to the T4 group, the addition of linseed oil to the diet significantly reduced the blood malondialdehyde content and increased the blood glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and superoxide dismutase enzyme activity. The GSH-PX activity and total antioxidant capacity in the oviducts of the T3 group were significantly higher than those of the T4 group (P < 0.05). The protein expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO-1 in the oviduct tissues were significantly higher in the T3 group than in the T4 group (P < 0.05). This study showed that a linseed oil to soybean oil ratio of 1:2 in the T3 group enhanced egg quality by reducing oxidative stress and improving the oviduct microenvironment.

Improving the performance of polylactic acid/polypropylene/cotton stalk fiber composites with epoxidized soybean oil as a high efficiency plasticizer.

Polylactic acid (PLA) can serve as a biodegradable alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics, but its poor impact resistance and high production costs limit its applications. In this study, different contents of epoxidized epoxy soybean oil (ESO) were added as plasticizer to melt blend with polylactic acid (PLA), polypropylene (PP) and cotton stalk fiber (CSF), examining its impact on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, microstructure, and crystallization behavior of the blends. The results indicated that ESO reacted with PLA and CSF to form branched polymers and microgels. With increasing ESO content, the blends exhibited increased initial thermal decomposition temperature, impact strength, and elongation at break, while stiffness, maximum decomposition rate, and crystallinity decreased. When the mass ratio of CSF to ESO was 2:1, the notch impact strength and elongation at break of PLA/PP/CSF/ESO blends were 1.63 times and 1.98 times higher than those of PLA/PP/CSF blends, respectively. Moreover, a reduction in surface grooves of CSF and formation of a gel layer were observed. Importantly, this study opens an effective new pathway for the utilization of waste natural fibers and the widespread application of biodegradable composite materials, contributing to environmental protection, resource conservation, and cost reduction.

Immobilization of lipase on mesoporous silica nanocarriers for efficient preparation of phytosterol esters

Phytosterol esters (PEs) are favored for their good solubility, high bioavailability, and various health benefits. Mesoporous silica (MS) nanocarriers were synthesized and utilized to immobilize free lipase AYS “Amano” (from Candida rugosa) for further preparing PEs. The optimal immobilization conditions were an initial enzyme content of 160 mg/mL, pH of 7.0, temperature of 30 °C, and adsorption time of 6 h, resulting in a protein loading of 42.3 mg/g and an immobilization efficiency of 73.4 %. Compared to commercial carriers, MS carriers demonstrated superior immobilization efficiency and phytosterol conversion rates when soybean oil was used as the PEs source for the transesterification. The phytosterol conversion rate reached 97.7 % in a solvent system with optimal reaction conditions. After 30 days of storage, the immobilized lipase retained 55.7 % of its activity, and it had 63.0 % retention activity after 10 reuse cycles. This study significantly enhanced the lipase's phytosterols conversion and reusability, supporting sustainable and efficient industrial production of PEs.

Preparation of rosin epoxy soybean oil acrylate with high bio-renewable carbon content for 3D printing

A kind of rosin epoxy soybean oil acrylate (RBAESO) containing high bio-renewable carbon content was synthesized by using rosin and acrylic acid (AA) to react with epoxidized soybean oil (ESO), and the effects of rosin addition amount on the properties of RBAESO resin and its cured film were investigated. The reaction activity between carboxylic acid and the epoxy group was found improved by introducing natural rosin to replace part of AA and increasing the C=C double bond density of the molecular structure. The best prepolymer resin RBAESO-15% performance was obtained with a reaction molar ratio of ESO: AA: Rosin = 1.05:0.85: 0.15. RBAESO-15% has a viscosity of 16500 mPa·s. The cured film of RBAESO-15% displayed high pencil hardness up to H, and 2mm of flexibility. The introduction of rosin also increased the high bio-renewable carbon content of the resin from 80.3% to 89.6% compared to epoxy soybean oil acrylate (AESO). UV cured tested show the C=C double-bond conversion of RBAESO-15% is about 86.4%, which is higher than that of AESO, and the tensile strength and elongation at break increased from 3.2MPa and 7.4% to 14.4MPa and 12.1%, respectively. This indicates that RBAESO displays better coating film performance than those of AESO. In addition, RBAESO-15% with 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenylphosphine oxide (TPO) can be applied to the laser cladding deposition (LCD) 3D printers.

An Analytical Study On The Correlation Between Soybean And Palm Oil Prices And The Interplay Of Market Forces

This paper studies the price relationship between two important agricultural commodities: soybean oil and palm oil. For the analysis the following statistical methods – Pearson correlation and multivariate regression – have been used on a simulated dataset over a fifteen-year period. The present study unwraps the economic, environmental, and policy factors that contribute to their interconnected nature. While the results show a strong positive correlation between the two future prices, the outcomes also provide a much broader perspective on the role of economic conditions, including the global supply chain and demand spillover. Moreover, environmental trends and policy shifts together shape future price trends equally. In addition, the paper forecasts the possible future price trend of each commodity using ARIMA and helps to determine the market direction. This research contributes to the broader discussion on agricultural economics and commodity markets, offering a data-driven perspective that supports strategic planning and informed action in the face of market uncertainties and environmental challenges

Structured lipids from fish viscera and coconut oils improve weight gain and intestinal morphology of piglets at nursery phase.

Five metabolism assays were performed to determine the metabolizable energy (ME) content of soybean oil, coconut oil, fish viscera oil, physical mixture of coconut oil and fish viscera oil (3:2, in kg: kg) and structured lipid prepared from interesterification of fish viscera oil and coconut oil (3: 2, in kg: kg), and one assay to evaluate the effects of including these lipid sources in piglet diets on performance, digestibility of diets, incidence of diarrhea and intestinal morphometry at nursery phase. Soybean, coconut, fish viscera, physical mixture and structured lipid oils showed ME values of 8239, 8199, 8839, 8268 and 8523kcal/kg DM respectively. In the performance trial, a total of 90 piglets with 23 days of age were distributed among 5 diets, differing in the lipid source used (soybean oil, coconut oil, fish viscera oil, physical mixture or structured lipid). Piglets fed diet containing structured lipid showed better feed conversion, higher duodenal goblet cell number and jejunal absorption area (P < 0.05), with better digestibility of ether extract and energy of diets. Interesterification of lipid sources such as coconut oil and fish viscera oil improves intestinal morphology, positively influencing the performance of piglets at nursery phase.

Feasibility of Fish Oil Supplementation on Headache Symptoms and Blood Lipids in Migraine Patients.

Migraine is a chronic, recurring, and disabling disease. Fish oil intervention was used to investigate its effects on headache symptoms and blood lipids of migraine patients. All subjects were collected at the Kuang Tian General Hospital from March 2020 to May 2021. Experimental group subjects took 1g/time of fish oil (including EPA 900mg/tablet) after breakfast and dinner. Placebo group subjects took 100% soybean oil twice daily. Before and after the test, the migraine improvement questionnaire was used to analyze headaches during attacks, dietary intake, and headache triggers. The average age of the 47 subjects in this study was 40.3 ± 9.2 years old, the body mass index (BMI) was 24.3 ± 6.0kg/m2. At Week 12, subjects in the fish oil group were significantly improved relative to the control group (p < 0.05). Blood lipid indexes TC, LDL-C, and TG were reduced, and the frequency, duration, and pain degree of migraine. Fish oil may be used as an adjunctive therapeutic food for relieving migraine attack symptoms and blood lipids.

Measurement of Heavy Metals in Commercially Available Soybean and Palm Oils and Relevant Health Risk Assessment in Bangladesh

Measurement of Heavy Metals in Commercially Available Soybean and Palm Oils and Relevant Health Risk Assessment in Bangladesh