South West Shoa Zone Research Articles

An Analysis of Key Determinants Shaping Potato Production and Market Supply in the South West Shoa Zone of Ethiopia

An Analysis of Key Determinants Shaping Potato Production and Market Supply in the South West Shoa Zone of Ethiopia

Chickpea production restored through upscaling crowdsourcing winner varieties and planting date adjustments in the Ada'a district, East Shoa zone, Ethiopia

Chickpea is an important cash crop for Ada'a farmers as it does for farmers in Ethiopia and elsewhere in the world. Its production, however, has been dwindling due to biotic and abiotic stresses. According to participant farmers from Ada'a district, the production of chickpea in some Kebeles of Ada'a such as Gubasaye has been abandoned because of root rot and foliar diseases such as fusarium wilt. This paper presents the evaluation of upscaled varieties' performance assessed by metric data as well as through beneficiary farmers' self-assessment data. Recognizant to the problem, five varieties of chickpea tested in the Goro district of the Southwest Shoa zone, were introduced as part of the upscaling of crowdsourcing winner crop varieties in Ethiopia. Crowdsourcing is an approach of outsourcing variety evaluation, selection, and dissemination to volunteer crowds of farmers. The introduction of the winner varieties and adjustment of the planting time was found effective in the Ada'a district. Higher grain yield was obtained from the upscaled winner varieties in the range of 2.4–2.53 t/ha, with slight variations over varieties. Habru variety showed slightly higher performance than the others. Survey participant farmers have reported an increase in GY due to growing the winner varieties compared with varieties they used to grow before and gained higher annual income due to higher productivity, market demand of the upscaled varieties, and premium market price with 6–25 Ethiopian birr (ETB) per kilogram of sold grain of these varieties. High productivity is attributed to the genetic potential of the varieties, their response to farm management, and better adaptation to the local growing conditions. Participant farmers perceived that their livelihood has been improving because of the adoption of the upscaled varieties' productivity and market demand. The annual income of participant farmers is estimated to be 2500 to 181,000 ETB for growing the winner varieties. The results indicate that upscaling pre-tested chickpea varieties and delaying their planting time to early September are effective mechanisms for reducing yield loss to fusarium wilt and root rot diseases. It can be inferred that using the crowdsourcing approach for variety evaluation and selection for upscaling is a robust approach to improve the adoption and dissemination of improved agricultural technologies.

Uptake of Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination and Associated Factors Among Female Students Attending Secondary Schools in South West Shoa, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2022.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is one of the key preventative measures for cervical cancer, provided that effective vaccine uptake is employed. However, HPV vaccine uptake is low in settings with limited resources such as low- and middle-income countries. To assesses the uptake of HPV vaccine and associated factors among female students attending secondary schools in South West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2022. A cross-sectional study was conducted in secondary schools of South West Shoa Zone between November 1st to November 30th 2022. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed among 634 female students attending secondary schools. Data were collected by self-administered structured questionnaires, entered into Epi-info version 7.2.2.6, and exported to SPSS version 25 for statistical analysis. Bivariable analyses were considered for Multivariable analysis. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) along with 95% confidence levels were estimated to assess the strength of the association, and a P value <0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. The proportion of HPV vaccine uptake was 31.65% (95% CI, 25-38). Having adequate knowledge AOR = 8.51 (95% CI = 4.57-15.84), living in rural area AOR = 0.25 (95% CI = 0.15-0.42), having older sibling AOR = 4.07(95% = 2.50-6.63), mother's educational level (Diploma and above) AOR = 4.08 (95% CI = 1.75-9.49), and secondary education AOR = 3.98 (95% CI = 1.87-8.48) were significantly associated with HPV vaccine uptake among female students attending secondary schools in South West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. The study revealed that HPV vaccine uptake was very low among female students attending secondary schools in South West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. Adequate knowledge, having older sibling, living in rural area, and having mothers with higher educational level were significantly associated with HPV vaccine uptake. All concerned bodies should work jointly to enhance the uptake of HPV vaccination among female students.

Diversity of Bee Floral Resources and Honey Production Calendar in Ethiopia’s Southwest Shoa Zone

Bee flora resources are essential for the development of beekeeping. This study aimed to identify the diversity of key bee forage plants, establish honey harvesting calendars, and assess different types of monofloral honey in the area. Data collection methods included a bee plant inventory, pollen collection, and honey pollen analysis. A total of 122 plant species were identified as bee plants, with 44.26% being shrubs and 27.87% being trees. These bee plants were distributed across three districts, accounting for 37.40% of the plant species, indicating a broader ecological distribution than local species. Wonchi district exhibited the highest diversity of bee plants (H′ = 4.7), followed by Waliso (H′ = 4.55). Three honey harvesting periods were identified: November, January, and June. Additionally, three distinct types of monofloral honey were produced: Erica arborea honey in January, Eucalyptus camaldulensis honey in June, and Guizotia scabra honey in November. A shortage of bee forages was noted in February, March, July, and August across all districts. The southwest Shoa zone (comprising Wonchi, Waliso, and Amaya districts) shows potential for sustainable and commercial beekeeping based on the available bee flora resources. To ensure sustainability, it is crucial to maintain the existing bee flora and increase the propagation of multipurpose plant species. Additionally, on‐farm demonstrations highlighting the importance of floral and honey calendars for effective colony management are recommended.

Active close contact investigation of tuberculosis through computer-aided detection and stool Xpert MTB/RIF among people living in Oromia Region, Ethiopia (CADOOL Study): protocol for a prospective, cross-sectional study

IntroductionPulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease with high incidence in low-income countries (LICs); it remains one of the infectious diseases with the highest mortality in the world, especially in...

Determinants of Teff (Eragrostis Tef) Market Outlet Choice in Woliso and Becho Districts of South West Shoa Zone Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia.

This study was aimed to identifying determinants of (teff Eragrostis tef) the market outlet choice in Woliso and Becho districts of South West shoa zone. Both primary and secondary data were used in this study. Primary data was collected from 138 sampled farmers and 38 traders at different levels by using semi-structured interview. Descriptive analysis and econometric model multivariate probit model were employed to analyze the cross-sectional data. The output results suggest that households had three major market outlet choices (wholesalers, Retailers and other agents like (coop, union) and separate estimation of choice of the three outlets were biased since the choice decisions were interdependent and simultaneous. The joint probability of choosing all the three outlets was 0.63 percent and the probability of failure to the three outlets was only 6.1 percent. The results indicate that smallholder farmers choose at least two outlets at a time. The choice of producers on the three outlets was determined by similar underlying factors. District, Age, total family size, Education level, Farm size, Farming experience, off farm, Livestock (Tlu), Access to market information, Extension service, Access to credit and quantity produced. The outlet choice of Wholesalers was influenced by Education level, off- farm and quantity produced positively. Education level, Farming experience and off- farm were significant determinants of the retailors’ outlet choices negatively and age was positively influence. Other agent market outlet was also negatively and significantly affected by district, livestock ownership and off farm and family size is positively affect it. Therefore, efforts are needed to promote producers to choose wholesalers and retailers outlet since they enable them to get premium price margin. Strongly what should be given more emphasizing from government side is to strength union and cooperative organization available in area.

Medical Equipment Management in General Hospitals: Experience of Tulu Bolo General Hospital, South West Shoa Zone, Central Ethiopia.

Medical equipment are vital items to deliver quality services in health facilities and the role of medical equipment is a well-founded reality. It is mainly used in many diverse settings in hospitals to diagnose, treat illnesses; support disabled and intervened acute and chronic cases. Effective maintenance and proper management are major utilization issues to provide quality services while saving scarce resources. However, managing medical equipment, especially, the utilization phase of medical equipment, was not well studied in this general hospital. This study aims to assess the utilization of medical devices in Tulu Bolo General Hospital. The study was conducted from December 25, 2021 to February 9, 2022. Data sources included health professionals and document archives in the hospital. Data collection method includes questionnaires and observations checklists. A census of 165 health workers was conducted, with a response rate 94.5%. Data was entered into epi-data; version 3.1, then analyzed by SPSS version 23 and presented using descriptive statistics. Procurement, storage, and utilization were found to be 53.47%, 56.57%, and 45.88%, respectively. Only 114 (57.3%) of the 199 pieces of medical equipment discovered were functional. Pearson correlation indicated that procurement and utilization of medical equipment are related to a higher proportion of non-functional devices (P = 0.000, B1 = 1.47, OR = 4.349, and CI 95% = 2.047-9.241) and nonfunctional medical equipment (B2 = 0.790, OR = 2.203, and CI 95% = 1.065-4.556) for procurement and utilization, respectively. Procurement, storage, and utilization of available medical equipment in Tulu Bolo Hospital were low. While health sectors operating in a resource-limited were assumed to have a big shortage of medical technologies, procurement, storage, and utilization of the limited available medical equipment need the attention of health program managers.

Utilization of long-lasting insecticide-treated net and its associated factors among pregnant women in Dawo district, Southwest Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2023.

The use of long-lasting insecticide-treated net (LLIN) is one of the most effective malaria prevention strategies, particularly among pregnant women. It has mosquito-killing repellent and physical barrier properties. Pregnant women, children under 5 years of age, and patients with HIV/AIDS, as well as non-immune migrants, mobile populations, and travelers, are the most vulnerable groups to malaria. Even when pregnant women are given priority, not all nets owned by households are used by pregnant women. Therefore, the risk of the occurrence of malaria during pregnancy is also high. This study aimed to assess the utilization of long-lasting insecticide-treated net and its associated factors among pregnant women in Dawo district, Southwest Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2023. A community-based analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in Dawo district, Southwest Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia, from 21 to 30 April 2023. A total of 353 pregnant women were chosen through simple random sampling and interviewed face-to-face using a structured and pre-tested questionnaire. Before being exported to the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23, the data were coded and entered into EPIDATA version 4.6. The study examined the prevalence of long-lasting insecticide-treated net use among pregnant women in the Dawo district using descriptive statistics. Analytical statistics, such as bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses, were used to determine the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Statistical significance was determined using a P-value of <0.05 and adjusted odd ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Long-lasting insecticide-treated nets were utilized by 55.5% (95% CI: 50.4-60.7%) of all pregnant participants in the study, which was below the national target. Pregnant women who have antenatal care (ANC) contact for current pregnancy adjusted odds ratio (AOR = 4.66, 95% CI: 1.95, 11.10), community-based health insurance (CBHI) enrollment (AOR = 2.38, 95% confidence intervals, CI: 1.38, 4.11), children under 5 years of age (AOR = 2.68, 95% CI: 1.62, 4.43), understanding that malaria poses a risk to fetuses (AOR = 3.25, 95% CI: 1.26, 8.41), and LLINs access (AOR = 12.47, 95% CI: 3.98, 39.08), were factors that significantly associated with LLIN utilization. In conclusion, the utilization of LLINs was relatively low. ANC contact for current pregnancy, CBHI enrollment, having children under the age of 5, having a high income, and understanding that malaria poses a risk to fetuses were factors significantly associated with LLIN utilization among pregnant women.

Loan Repayment Performance of Smallholder Farmers: The Case of Oromia Credit and Savings Share Company in Tole District of Southwest Shoa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

The aims this study is to identify those factors that affect loan repayment performances of smallholder farmer in Tole district of Southwest Shoa zone, Oromia regional state of Ethiopia. In order to address the stated objective data were collected through survey of 174 sample borrower farmer. To identify and analysis factors affecting loan repayment performances and intensity of loan recovery in the district two-limit Tobit model were used. From the total sample borrower farmer, 9.2%, 20.7% and 70.1% were complete defaulters, partial defaulters and non-defaulters respectively. A total of 17 explanatory variables were included in the analysis from which family expenditure and repayment period suitability affect loan repayment performance and intensity of loan recovery of the sample borrower farmer significantly and negatively. On the other hand, size of land holding, income from on-farm activities, income from off-farm activities, household saving and frequency of extension contact had a significantly and positively affect loan repayment performance and intensity of loan recovery of sampled smallholder farmer in the study area. Therefore, each concerned body aimed to improve loan repayment performances of smallholder farmer in the study area could be successful if they consider these factors. Keywords: Ethiopia, Loan, Non-defaulter, Tobit DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/12-13-04 Publication date: July 31 st 2022

Willingness to pay for community based health insurance scheme and factors associated with it among households in rural community of South West Shoa Zone, Ethiopia

BackgroundOut-of-pocket payments are the major significant barrier in achieving universal health coverage, particularly in developing countries' rural communities. In 2011, the Ethiopian government launched a pilot community-based health insurance (CBHI) scheme with the goal of increasing access to modern health care services and providing financial security to households in the informal sector and rural areas. The main objective of this study is to estimate willingness to pay (WTP) for CBHI scheme and factors that influence it among rural households in the South West Shoa Zone.MethodsA household-level cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the WTP for the CBHI scheme and factors associated with it in rural communities of South West Shoa Zone. The study used a sample of 400 rural households. Systematic random sampling was employed during household selection, and double-bounded contingent valuation method was used to estimate WTP for the CBHI scheme.ResultsAbout 65 percent of the households are willing to pay for CBHI scheme. Moreover, the study found that the households were willing to pay 255.55 Birr per year on average. The result of the study also revealed that amount of bid, household income, family size, household head's education, household health status, membership to community-based health insurance scheme, membership in any association, and awareness about the scheme are factors that are significantly associated with WTP for the scheme.ConclusionsHouseholds are willing to pay a higher price than the policy price. Therefore, setting a new premium that reflects households' willingness to pay is highly valuable to policymakers. Social capital and awareness about CBHI scheme play an important role in influencing WTP. Thus, the study suggests that local communities need to strengthen their social cohesion and solidarity. It is also necessary to create awareness about the CBHI’s benefits.

Practices and Challenges of Gender –Responsive Pedagogy in Government Secondary Schools of South West Shoa Zone

Practices and Challenges of Gender –Responsive Pedagogy in Government Secondary Schools of South West Shoa Zone

Factors Affecting &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Teff&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Eragrostis tef&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;) Market Supply in Woliso and Becho Districts of South West Shoa Zone Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

This study was aimed to analyze teff (Eragrostis tef) market chain in south west Shoa zone with objective of factors affecting teff market supply using two stage ordinary least square approaches. The majority of Ethiopia’s population earns its livelihood primarily from agriculture. Cereals teff is the first in Ethiopia area coverage and production. Teff (Eragrostis tef) is a major staple food crop in Ethiopia. Both primary and secondary data were used in this study. Primary data was collected from 138 sampled farmers and 38 traders from both districts by using semi-structured interview. The OLS (ordinary least square) model results showed that seven explanatory variables significantly affected the quantity of teff supplied to the market supplied by smallholder producers. Age, education level and current market price were negatively and significantly affecting teff market supply. Distance to the nearest market, farm size, perception and quantity produced were positively and significantly influencing marketed supply of teff. Policy implications that were to take place highly recommendation those are relevant to improve teff marketing system in the study area which indicated production and market orientation were set based on the significant variables and raised problems by the stakeholders. To improve market supply of teff in the study area resolving the prevailing production problems deems a necessary condition.

Practices and Challenges of Gender-Responsive Pedagogy in Government Secondary Schools of South West Shoa Zone

Practices and Challenges of Gender-Responsive Pedagogy in Government Secondary Schools of South West Shoa Zone

Implementation Status of Health Management Information System in Hospitals of South West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Central Ethiopia.

BackgroundHealth Management Information Systems (HMIS) is an information system for health management and planning at district, regional, and national levels. Problems of data collection and processing, poor information use, lack of identifying information required at specific levels, and inadequacy of resources are hindering the implementation of the program.ObjectiveTo assess the implementation status of Health Management Information System (HMIS) in hospitals of South West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Central Ethiopia.MethodsThe assessment was conducted in South West Shoa Zone hospitals using a cross-sectional study design. Using three dimensions, namely, availability of resources, compliance to guideline, and utilization of information were studied. All hospitals in the zone were included and 210 health workers were included in the study. Quantitative data were entered into Epi-data and analyzed using SPSS.v.23. Descriptive summery was done using the proportion and frequencies and qualitative results were analyzed thematically. The study was conducted from February 20, 2020, to March 20, 2020.ResultsAll hospitals have at least one computer specifically assigned for HMIS, while none of the hospitals have an allocated budget for HMIS. Regarding service training, 82% of the respondents had received HMIS training. The overall Implementation status of HMIS was 58%, which showed as a judgment parameter of “poor” implementation. Particularly, availability (58%) and compliance (55%) dimensions are categorized as “poor” implementation, whereas the information utilization dimension is categorized as a judgment parameter of “fair” implementation.ConclusionThe overall implementation status of HMIS in the study area was poorly implemented according to the preset criteria with stakeholders. Therefore, allocation of budget specifically for HMIS, strengthening capacity building activities such as training and supportive supervision with written feedbacks are recommended for effective implementation of the Health Management Information System.

Magnitude of first line antiretroviral therapy treatment failure and associated factors among adult patients on ART in South West Shoa, Central Ethiopia.

BackgroundFirst-line antiretroviral treatment failure has become a public health concern in high, low and middle-income countries with high mortality and morbidity In Ethiopia, around 710,000 peoples were living with HIV and 420,000 of them were receiving ART in 2017. Little is known about the magnitude of first-line ART treatment failure and its associated factors in Ethiopia, particularly in the study area. Therefore, this study was aimed to find the magnitude of first-line ART treatment failure and its associated factors among adult patients attending ART clinic at Southwest shoa zone public hospitals.MethodsInstitutions based cross-sectional study was employed from February 1 to April 2, 2019. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 350 adult patients on ART using a systematic random sampling technique. The collected data were coded and entered into Epidata version 3 and exported to STATA SE version 14 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was done to identify factors associated with first-line ART treatment failure. At 95% confidence level strength of association was measured using Odds ratio. Variables with a p-value of ≤ 0.25 in the bivariable analysis were considered as a candidate variable for multivariable analysis. To get the final variables step-wise backward selection procedure was used and those in the final model were selected at a p-value <0.05. Finally, texts, simple frequency tables, and figures were used to present the findings.ResultsIn this study the magnitude of first-line ART treatment failure was 33.42%. Absence of baseline opportunistic infection AOR = 0.362 (95%CI0.178, 0.735), Staying on first-line ART for <5 years AOR = 0.47 (95%CI 0.252, 0.878), Nevirapine containing ART regimen AOR = 3.07 (95%CI 1.677, 5.63), Baseline CD4 count ≥100 cells/mm3 AOR = 0.299 (95%CI 0.152 0.591), absence of opportunistic infections after ART initiation AOR = 0.257 (95%CI 0.142, .467), time taking greater than an one-hour to reach health facility AOR 1.85 (95%CI 1.022 3.367) were significantly associated with first-line ART treatment failure.ConclusionThe magnitude of first-line ART treatment failure was high in the study area. Base-line opportunistic infection, duration on first-line ART, NVP based ART, Baseline CD4 count level, OI after ART initiation, and time it takes to reach health facility were independent determinants of first-line ART treatment failure.

Study on Livestock Feed Resources, Biomass Production, Feeding System and Constraints of Livestock Production in Relation to Feeds in Weliso District, South West Shoa Zone, Ethiopia

Study on Livestock Feed Resources, Biomass Production, Feeding System and Constraints of Livestock Production in Relation to Feeds in Weliso District, South West Shoa Zone, Ethiopia

Dairy cattle producers’ perception on Oestrus Synchronization and mass artificial insemination services in Waliso and Ilu Districts of South West Shoa Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia

Dairy cattle producers’ perception on Oestrus Synchronization and mass artificial insemination services in Waliso and Ilu Districts of South West Shoa Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia

Effect of aerobic exercises combined with circuit training on body weight management: The case of selected male participant in Woliso town health club, south west shoa zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia

Effect of aerobic exercises combined with circuit training on body weight management: The case of selected male participant in Woliso town health club, south west shoa zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia

Entrepreneurs in Emerging Towns: Prospects and Challenges: Case of Oromia Regional State South West Shoa Zone, Ethiopia

Entrepreneurship and entrepreneur are interdependent and interrelated to each other. The existence of one depends and determined by the other. This interdependence brings the economic development of the nations particularly societies live in emerging towns. In emerging town there are different opportunities like grace period (six months to three years) to pay tax, free land (working place), credit facility, and training. On the other hand, access to capital, marketing information, management and technical skill, infrastructure and premises were the major challenges that hinder entrepreneurs from innovating and creating new ideas, products and markets. These were identified through the data obtained from primary (using questionnaires and interview) and secondary sources. Therefore, the study stabilizes the prospects/ opportunities and fills the gap based on the findings of the research. And also, the study will have considerable benefits primarily for emerging towns that were under the survey of the study as well as office whose primary task is setting policies in order to deal with the prospects and challenges in emerging towns.

Factors contributing to medicines wastage in public health facilities of South West Shoa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia: a qualitative study

BackgroundMedicines wastage is one of the challenges of health supply chain management in developing countries including Ethiopia. However, there is lack of objective evidence on the detailed underlying causes of medicines wastage. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore factors contributing for medicines wastage in selected public health facilities of South West Shoa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted in 10 public health facilities (1 General hospital and 9 health centers). An in-depth interview with flexible probing techniques was employed to collect the data from 20 key informants from May 2, 2016 to May 27, 2016. A semi structured interview guide was prepared to explore key informants’ idea about current situation of contributing factors and efforts made to reduce medicines wastage in public health facilities. A thematic analysis was then used to analyze the data.ResultsAlmost all key informants felt that medicines wastage is increasing from time to time in their health facility due to supplier’s issuing of medicines without health facilities’ needs and request, failure to follow first expired first out principle in issuing medicines from stores to different dispensing units, lack of communication between supplier and health facilities, inadequate number of pharmacy personnel and weak monitoring system of supply chain in the health facilities. They also revealed budget constraint, stock out of medicines and congested store are of the major challenge that are compromising their service provision.ConclusionMedicine wastage is an ever-increasing problem in public health facilities of South West Shoa Zone. The problem is exacerbated due to absence of mechanisms to minimize the wastage. Health facilities, therefore, should place a mechanism to exchange medicines from overstocked facilities to under stocked ones; has to improve store management capacity by employing competent professionals, equipping the store with necessary technology and introducing a monitoring and evaluating health supply chain performance system in the health facilities.