Southern Regions Of Kazakhstan Research Articles

Geopolitics of cryptocurrency mining in Kazakhstan

ABSTRACT In January 2022, a massive power blackout hit Central Asia, and especially the southern region of Kazakhstan after months of a huge rise in electricity consumption in the country and a few days after deadly demonstrations repressed by law enforcement. According to the Kazakhstani authorities, this huge power outage was due to cryptocurrency mining, an energy-intensive digital industry, highly developed within the country. This article aims to analyse and understand the geopolitical dynamics behind the fast and huge-scale development of the activity in Kazakhstan. The paper explores the geography of mining to and within the country, and relates it to the double territory’s divide, both climatic and energetic. Then, it analyses the political aspect of mining focusing on actors and networks of power involved in, sometimes illegal, crypto mining in Kazakhstan. Finally, this work discusses the future of the industry regarding the new regulation since 2023 and its limits.

Revised checklist of endemic vascular plants of Kazakhstan.

We compiled a checklist of endemic vascular plants occurring in Kazakhstan, employing an exhaustive examination of literature sources, herbarium collections, databases and field observations. Our study reveals that 451 taxa can be considered endemic to Kazakhstan, constituting 7.97% of the total vascular plant diversity in the country. These endemic taxa, originating from 139 genera and 34 families, predominantly thrive in the southern regions of Kazakhstan, specifically in the mountain ridges of the Kazakh part of the Tian Shan, including Karatau (123 taxa), Dzungarian Alatau (80 taxa) and Trans-Ili and Kungey Alatau (50 taxa). Notably, 107 endemic species are granted legal protection. Detailed information regarding life form, life cycle, conservation status and geographical distribution across floristic regions was meticulously compiled for each endemic taxon. Of the six groups of life forms, herbs include the highest part of endemic taxa (367 taxa), followed by dwarf semishrubs (25 taxa), shrubs (23 taxa), subshrubs (20 taxa), undershrubs (13 taxa) and trees (3 taxa). The observed life cycles are perennials (408 taxa), annuals (33 taxa) and biennials (10 taxa). This paper serves as a fundamental groundwork for prospective investigations aimed at assessing population sizes and hotspots of plant endemism throughout Kazakhstan, crucial for determining conservation status of endemic plants.

Study of features of influenza virus circulation in the southern region of Kazakhstan during the 2021 epidemic season

Influenza viruses are among the most prevalent infectious agents, leading to massive seasonal epidemics and pandemics with high mortality rates. The ability of influenza virus to antigenic variability determines the high population susceptibility, wide spread of infection, and short intervals between epidemics. In recent years, the co-circulation of influenza viruses that belong to A/H1N1pdm09 and A/ H3N2 subtypes and influenza type B virus has been observed. Here we summarize the data we explored to establish the features of the influenza virus circulation in the southern region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. To conduct virological and serological studies, 590 biosamples were collected from sick patients (419 swabs and 171 blood serums). Influenza type A virus RNA was found in 39 (9.31%) samples including that of A/H1N1pdm09 virus in 15 (3.58%), A/H3N2 virus in 23 (5.49%). It has also been noted that isolates A/Almaty/10/21 and A/Almaty/15/21 were profiled by the antigenic formula A/H3N2. The results of virological, serological, and molecular genetic studies confirm the simultaneous circulation of influenza A viruses (H1N1pdm09 and H3N2), and influenza type B virus. Some thoughts on the current scenario as well as implications for the future are presented as well.

Soil Salinity Estimation for South Kazakhstan Based on SAR Sentinel-1 and Landsat-8,9 OLI Data with Machine Learning Models

Climate change, uneven distribution of water resources and anthropogenic impact have led to salinization and land degradation in the southern regions of Kazakhstan. Identification of saline lands and their mapping is a laborious process associated with a complex of ground measurements. Data from remote sensing are widely used to solve this problem. In this paper, the problem of assessing the salinity of the lands of the South Kazakhstan region using remote sensing data is considered. The aim of the study is to analyze the applicability of machine learning methods to assess the salinity of agricultural lands in southern Kazakhstan based on remote sensing. The authors present a salinity dataset obtained from field studies and containing more than 200 laboratory measurements of soil salinity. Moreover, the authors describe the results of applying several regression reconstruction algorithms (XGBoost, LightGBM, random forest, Support vector machines, Elastic net, etc.), where synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data from the Sentinel-1 satellite and optical data in the form of spectral salinity indices are used as input data. The obtained results show that, in general, these input data can be used to estimate salinity of the wetted arable land. XGBoost regressor (R2 = 0.282) showed the best results. Supplementing the radar data with the values of salinity spectral index improves the result significantly (R2 = 0.356). For the local datasets, the best result shown by the model is R2 = 0.473 (SAR) and R2 = 0.654 (SAR with spectral indexes), respectively. The study also revealed a number of problems that justify the need for a broader range of ground surveys and consideration of multi-year factors affecting soil salinity. Key results of the article: (i) a set of salinity data for different geographical zones of southern Kazakhstan is presented for the first time; (ii) a method is proposed for determining soil salinity on the basis of synthetic aperture radar supplemented with optical data, and this resulted in the improved prediction of the results for the region under consideration; (iii) a comparison of several types of machine learning models was made and it was found that boosted models give, on average, the best prediction result; (iv) a method for optimizing the number of model input parameters using explainable machine learning is proposed; (v) it is shown that the results obtained in this work are in better agreement with ground-based measurements of electrical conductivity than the results of the previously proposed global model.

Biomorphological Analysis of Tulip Varieties on Substrates in Covered Ground in Turkestan

This study aims to advance Kazakhstan’s floriculture industry by introducing promising tulip species and varieties for cultivation, implementing effective propagation methods, and adapting innovative cultivation technologies suitable for both open- and closed-ground conditions in the southern region of Kazakhstan. This study includes a novel introduction of exclusive tulip varieties, enabling the selection of source materials with desirable attributes for floriculture. Data analysis focuses on daily growth dynamics, plant height progression, and the evaluation of tulip varieties based on the coefficient of height variation across different substrates, such as soil, sawdust, and peat. These findings indicate significant varietal selectivity regarding substrate usage. Daily plant growth varies from 0.09 cm during the initial growth stage to 4.12–3.53 cm for Albatros and Delta Storm varieties during the flowering phase. Notably, the use of a peat substrate produces the tallest and most uniformly sized plants with enhanced decorative qualities, meeting market demands. This study introduces innovative methods for substrate selection that significantly influence the uniformity of tulip growth. Specific tulip varieties, including Albatros, Delta Storm, Fun for Two, Strong Power, and Dynasty, cultivated on a peat substrate with optimal water-physical properties, demonstrate even height and color properties, aligning with high consumer requirements. These findings recommend these varieties for covered ground conditions in Turkestan, advancing Kazakhstan’s floriculture sector by adapting foreign technologies to local conditions. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2023-04-02-06 Full Text: PDF

COTTON ADVANCED LINES ASSESSMENT IN THE SOUTHERN REGION OF KAZAKHSTAN

The Turkestan region is a cotton-growing zone in South Kazakhstan, but also the northernmost cotton-growing area in the world. Annually, medium-staple cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivation occurs on 115,000–125,000 ha, with 80,000–85,000 ha grown in the Districts of Maktaaral and Zhetysay, Kazakhstan. This region is highly susceptible to salinity, drought, invasion of dangerous pests (cotton budworm, beet borer, spider mites, and aphids), and diseases (fusarium blight [wilt] and gummosis). An extremely high salt content and aridity in the arable soil are the main limiting factors of that region, hence, genotype selection through genetic principles is the most effective and economical way to reduce their negative impacts on vegetation. Therefore, the research on developing resistant cotton cultivars suitable for such soil and climatic conditions is most relevant. Considering the above situation, assessment of newly developed high-yielding cotton cultivars with fiber quality of types III–IV for tolerance to heat and drought, salinization, and pests and diseases ensued during 2019, 2020, and 2021 at the Agricultural Experimental Station of Cotton and Melon Growing, Atakent, Kazakhstan. Their promising cotton genotypes resulted from strains developed through intraspecific and interspecific diallel hybridization. The newly developed eight cotton cultivars, grown on more than 92% of the hectarage in the Southern region of Kazakhstan, are PA-3031, PA-3044, M-4005, M-4007, M-4011, Bereke-07, Myrzashol-80, and M-4017.

Serological studies of influenza infection among population in southern region of Kazakhstan during the 2018-2021 epidemic season.

To conduct serological studies of influenza infection rate during an epidemic. The retrospective study was conducted at the Research and Production Centre for Microbiology and Virology, Almaty, Kazakhstan, and comprised data, including blood samples, from patients with symptoms of acute respiratory viral infection, bronchitis and pneumonia during 2018-21 from various healthcare institutions in the Almaty region. Serological tests on blood serums were carried out sing haem agglutination inhibition assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data was analysed using Graph Pad Prism 9. Of the 779 blood samples, 392(50.3%) came from women and 387(49.7%) from men. The overall age range was 0-80 years. Serological analyses using haem agglutination inhibition assay showed the presence of anti-hemagglutinins against pandemic A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in 292(37.5%) samples, influenza A/H3N2 virus in 340(43.6%) and type B virus in 53(6.8%). Antibodies against two subtypes of influenza A virus and type B virus were simultaneously identified in 25(3.2%) cases, whereas against influenza A (H1N1+H3N2) viruses in 69(8.9%). In enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, antibodies against influenza A/H1N1pdm virus were detected in 108(13.9%) cases, against A/H3N2 virus in 105(13.5%) and type B virus in 65(8.3%). Antibodies simultaneously against two subtypes of influenza A virus were identified in 46(5.9%) of blood serums, and against influenza A and B viruses in 60(7.7%). Co-circulation of influenza A and B viruses was observed, confirming the role of influenza viruses in the epidemic process.

Қаңлы дәуірі ескерткіштерінің археозоологиялық материалда-рын талдау(2022 ж. Бурнооктябрьское және Бақатөбе материалдары бойынша)

The article considers the archaeozoological materials found in the sites of Burnooktyabrskoye and Bakatobe (I-IV centuries AD), located in the Talas Valley, studied in 2022. The purpose of the research work is to conduct a laboratory analysis of the archaeozoological materials of ancient settlements and hillforts in the southern regions of Kazakhstan and to study them in comparison with the materials of sites of a similar chronological period in neighboring regions. Animal bones were studied in accordance with archaeozoological methods and the composition of the archaeofauna, types of domestic animals, age characteristics, the composition of elements and parts of the skeleton were determined. Laboratory analysis analyzed 740 animal bones found in the ancient sites of the Talas Valley, of which 95.5% (707 bones) were identified to the species. The main place in the economy of the population of the settlement is occupied by small cattle, in second place - cattle, and horse bones are in third place. Among the osteological materials, a small number of camels, donkey and dog bones were found. From the fauna of wild animals the following were identified: large ungulates (kulan and deer), small ungulates (roe deer, jeyran, argali, saiga), predators (fox), lagomorphs (Lepus sp.), rodent bones (gopher). The results of the study were compared with the archaeozoological data of the sites located in the valleys of Shu, Talas, Syr Darya, Amu Darya and Tashkent oasis. Based on the materials of the settlement in the Teris-Asa valley, the dynamics of the development of cattle breeding, types of pets and hunting directions in the Kanguy and Early Turkic eras were analyzed.

Study of the Coefficient Evaporation Resistance of Various Apples and Pears Varieties Growning in the Southern Regions of Kazakhstan

Studies have established that various drying periods are observed during the drying process: for example, for apple varieties, the first drying period is 5.45...6.10 hours, and for pear varieties 6.12 ...6.25 hours. The duration of the second drying period for apple varieties is 4.15...3.50 hours, and for pear varieties 4.35...4.48 hours. The analysis of the drying curve showed that the boundary between the periods of constant and falling land velocity, i.e. the critical humidity for apple varieties is on average 27 ± 2.1%, and for pear 30.1 ± 2.5%. An analysis of the kinetics of moisture evaporation shows that in an apple during the first four hours of drying, on average, 2.71 g evaporates, and for the next two hours it decreases monotonically to 2.31 g. The same picture of moisture evaporation dynamics is also observed for pears: for the first four hours, on average, 3.41 g evaporates, and for the next two hours, the evaporation dynamics decreases to 2.78 g. Studies have established that the coefficient of evaporation resistance for apple varieties: Baiterek, Sarkyt and Saya is µ = 2.03 ± 0.07, for pear varieties: Sylyk, Zhazdyk and Nagima is µ = 2.3± 0.05.

Prevalence of Ku fever in the southern region of Kazakhstan

Q fever (coxiellosis) is a zoonotic infection caused by the bacterium Coxiella (C.) burnetii that can infect many species of mammals, including humans. This work was aimed at studying the prevalence of C. burnetii among livestock and people in the southern region of Kazakhstan using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For serological monitoring, serum samples were collected from 100 residents of the Zhambyl oblast in the epidemiological season of 2021. It was found that the total seroprevalence of IgG to C. burnetii is 3.3%. A serological analysis of 282 blood serum samples from Capra hircus, Ovis aries and Bos taurus collected in the Turkestan and Zhambyl oblasts demonstrated that the total seroprevalence of antibodies to C. burnetii in livestock is 32.2% and 23.0% in the Turkestan and Zhambyl oblasts, respectively. An epidemiological analysis of livestock seromonitoring data was carried out. It was shown that the species belonging to Capra hircus, female sex and habitat in Baidibek, Sairam, Kazygurt districts of the Turkestan oblast and in T. Ryskulov of the Zhambyl oblast are risk factors for C. burnetii infection in the southern region of Kazakhstan. The results indicate the need for further research in this direction to isolate the pathogen and identify its main reservoirs. Key words: Coxiella (C.) burnetii, coxiellosis, epidemiology, enzyme immunoassay, serum.

Molecular Genetic Identificatin of Plants of the Genus Artemisia L. Growing in Southern Regions of Kazakhstan

Molecular Genetic Identificatin of Plants of the Genus Artemisia L. Growing in Southern Regions of Kazakhstan

The Prevalence and Genetic Variants of the CCHF Virus Circulating among Ticks in the Southern Regions of Kazakhstan.

Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) disease cases are registered annually in endemic regions of Kazakhstan. To study the prevalence of various Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) genotypes, a total of 694 ticks were collected from southern regions of Kazakhstan in 2021. Hyalomma marginatum (n = 323) (46.5%), Hyalomma anatolicum (n = 138) (19.9%), Hyalomma asiaticum (n = 126) (18.2%), Hyalomma scupense (n = 80) (11.5%) and Ixodes ricinus (n = 27) (3.9%) were collected using the standardized flagging technique from the environment. All the tick samples were analyzed for the presence of CCHFV RNA by RT-PCR. The CCHF-positive samples were found within three Hyalomma asiaticum and one Ixodes ricinus tick sample. For the first time in Kazakhstan, infection of the Ixodes ricinus tick with CCHFV was detected. The results of sequencing and analysis of the S-gene fragment showed that the Asia 1 and Asia 2 CCHF genotypes circulate in the southern regions of Kazakhstan. Viruses isolated in the Zhambyl and Turkestan regions are assigned to the Asia-2 genotype, whereas the virus isolated in the Kyzylorda region to the Asia-1 genotype.

Asymptomatic forms of COVID-19 in pregnant women: long-term consequences

Purposeto establish the long-term effect of asymptomatic forms of COVID-19 on the course of pregnancy.Methods & MaterialsAn analysis of pregnancy outcomes was carried out in 40 women who had asymptomatic forms of COVID-19.ResultsThe COVID-19 pandemic in conditions of high fertility in the southern regions of Kazakhstan caused pregnant women to become ill with coronavirus infection, including asymptomatic forms. Often asymptomatic forms remain undiagnosed and unaccounted for. We have studied cases of visits to a doctor by pregnant women for various reasons: stopping fetal movement, reducing the size of the abdomen and other complications of pregnancy. When examining them by ultrasound, oligohydroamnion was detected in 85% of cases, premature aging of the placenta, placental cysts in 27.5%, and impaired blood flow in the utero-fetal-placental circulation in 12.5%. Subsequently, 51.4% of women gave birth at full term, 48.5% gave birth prematurely, that is every second woman in the study group gave birth prematurely. In a detailed retrospective laboratory examination of women with the above pathology, IgG SARS-Cov-2 was detected in 92.5% of cases, indicating an asymptomatic coronavirus infection. The development of obstetric complications required from the medical staff reinforced observation and additional assessment, more frequent reclassification of the condition of the mother and fetus, and in some cases induction of labor. This tactic was applied in 12 cases (34.2% of the total number of women who gave birth), when prolongation of pregnancy was associated with a high risk to the health of the mother and fetus.ConclusionAsymptomatic forms of COVID-19 in pregnant women have long-term consequences in the form of oligohydroamnion, premature aging of the placenta and impaired uterine blood flow. All cases of the transferred coronavirus infection in pregnant women, including asymptomatic ones, require more careful, in comparison with the generally accepted and frequent monitoring of pregnancy, in the form of control of the gravidogram, measurement of the abdominal circumference, the height of the uterine fundus, control ultrasonography of the fetus, amniotic fluid and uterine dopplerometry of fetal-placental blood flow.

Региональные особенности частоты ДТП на трассах республиканского значения Казахстана с учетом показателей смертности и числа пострадавших за 2021 год

The purpose of the study: to study the frequency of road accidents on highways of national significance for 2021, based on the mortality rates and the number of victims in the regions of Kazakhstan.Methods. The paper analyzes the indicators of the frequency of accidents, their mortality rate and the number of victims, based on the population density. The work of the country's highway medical and rescue centers has been also evaluated, namely the number of departures and the number of hospitalizations.Results. The number of road accidents in relation to the population density during the study period prevails in the city of Almaty and Almaty region – 33%, Zhambyl region – 11%, in the city of Nur-Sultan and Akmola region - 11%, in the city of Shymkent and Turkestan region – 7%. The proportion of accidents in the context of the regions of Kazakhstan left: the southern region – 54%, the northern region – 22%, the western region – 12%, the eastern region - 6%, central Kazakhstan – 5%. Greater number of victims per 1 exit of highway medical and rescue points can be noted in the city of Almaty and Almaty region (1211), the city of Shymkent and Turkestan regions (408), as well as in Zhambyl (412) and Karaganda (403) regions. The highest mortality rates as a result of road accidents are observed in the southern region of Kazakhstan: the city of Almaty and Almaty region (31.98 per 100 thousand population), in Shymkent and Turkestan region (16.46 per 100 thousand population) and in Zhambyl region (10.67 per 100 thousand population). The lowest indicator in the North Kazakhstan region is 2.03 per 100 thousand population.Conclusions. There is a correlation between the cases of road accidents, the number of injured and dead as a result of road accidents and the population density, since the largest proportion of road accidents occur in the densely populated regions of Kazakhstan. There is a decrease in the number of road accidents in 2021 by 16% compared to previous years, which was reflected in a decrease in the number of visits by teams of HMRP by 12%, medical care provided by 27% and the number of hospitalized by 8%

БАСТАУЫШ МЕКТЕПТЕ ПӘНАРАЛЫҚ БАЙЛАНЫС АРҚЫЛЫ ЖАҢАРТЫЛҒАН БАҒДАРЛАМАМЕН ОҚУШЫЛАРДЫҢ ТАНЫМДЫҚ ҚАБІЛЕТТЕРІН ҚАЛЫПТАСТЫРУ

In this article shown the effectiveness of introducing PBL and CLIL learning technologies into the educational process in accordance with modern learning conditions and the possibility of increasing productivity, as well as interest among students. In the course of the research, special attention was paid to the application of innovative methods in groups with bilingual education, which requires new approaches both in teaching and in the criteria for assessing achievements. The new technologies obtained in the course of practical application in the framework of teaching topical issues in the field of biology and ecology have led to opportunities both to expand the abilities of students in narrow areas of science and to allow directing education in an independent direction. In addition, the article developed new criteria for assessing learning outcomes in PBL on given topics, which made it possible to assess the achievements of students in the framework of a nontraditional innovative method and which are advisory in nature for bilingual education in the field of biology, biotechnology and ecology. As a PBL product in the experimental groups, the search topic “Drinking water resources in the southern region of Kazakhstan” was proposed, which is of current practical importance. In addition, CLIL technology teaching methods were proposed to determine the level of independent learning: gesture animation, the use of visual aids and props, introductory scaffolding: research and animation.

NEW APPROACHES TO LEARNING USING PBL AND CLIL TECHNOLOGIES AS WAYS TO INCREASE THE PRODUCTIVITY OF BILINGUAL TEACHING OF BIOLOGY

In this article shown the effectiveness of introducing PBL and CLIL learning technologies into the educational process in accordance with modern learning conditions and the possibility of increasing productivity, as well as interest among students. In the course of the research, special attention was paid to the application of innovative methods in groups with bilingual education, which requires new approaches both in teaching and in the criteria for assessing achievements. The new technologies obtained in the course of practical application in the framework of teaching topical issues in the field of biology and ecology have led to opportunities both to expand the abilities of students in narrow areas of science and to allow directing education in an independent direction. In addition, the article developed new criteria for assessing learning outcomes in PBL on given topics, which made it possible to assess the achievements of students in the framework of a nontraditional innovative method and which are advisory in nature for bilingual education in the field of biology, biotechnology and ecology. As a PBL product in the experimental groups, the search topic “Drinking water resources in the southern region of Kazakhstan” was proposed, which is of current practical importance. In addition, CLIL technology teaching methods were proposed to determine the level of independent learning: gesture animation, the use of visual aids and props, introductory scaffolding: research and animation.

Ensuring the safety of learning and teaching environments

The state of health and psychological well-being of all citizens, is a determining condition for the development of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The purpose of this study was to theoretically substantiate and identify the role and place of the alienation of children from school in the issue of ensuring the psychological safety of schoolchildren. The researchers set out the content and results of an experimental study, which was aimed at identifying the real state of learning motivation, the manifestation of alienation symptoms in children, the state of their emotional resource deficiency in elementary school children. The authors present the results of a study conducted with 1st–2nd-grade pupils, as well as parents and teachers of elementary schools in the southern region of Kazakhstan in the aspect of the sought problem. The results showed that the developmental histories of children with signs of alienation, are characteristics that demonstrate a deficit of a conflict resource in the early stages of development
 Keywords: alienation, schoolchild, provision, psychological safety, educational environment

Emigration attitudes of young people in the northern and southern regions of Kazakhstan, depending on individual values

The relevance of the problem is caused with the lack of comparative studies on the problem of emigration attitudes and their predictors in the context of the cultural characteristics of Kazakhstan regions. The article analyzes the research conducted, the purpose of which was to compare the severity of emigration attitudes determined by the individual values of Kazakhs depending on the region of residence, and the following hypotheses are put forward: 1. The degree of expressing emigration attitudes among the Kazakh youth from the northern regions is higher compared to the same of the southern regions; 2. The meta-values of Preservation and Self-overcoming are more signifi cant for the young people of Southern Kazakhstan (in comparison with Northern Kazakhstan); 3. The emigration attitudes of the youth in Northern Kazakhstan are associated with the meta-values of Willingness to change and Self-affi rmation; 4. The emigration attitudes of the youth of Southern Kazakhstan are associated with the metavalues of Preservation and Self-Overcoming. The study participants, including young people (N=364) aged from 17 to 35, where 78% (285) is represented by women, were examined using such methods as the “Scale of migration attitudes” (S.A. Kuznetsova, I.Yu. Kuznetsov, A.V. Feshchenko), modifi ed into the “Scale of emigration attitudes”, which allows to identify the degree of severity of emigration attitudes; PVQ-21-ESS7 that is the version of a questionnaire for measuring individual values (Sh. Schwartz), aimed at studying the signifi cance of values, and the method of multiple linear regression analysis, the Student›s t-test. It is revealed that the Kazakhs of the northern regions of Kazakhstan (compared with the Kazakhs of Southern Kazakhstan) have more pronounced emigration attitudes, the importance of the Self-affi rmation metavalue is higher, emigration attitudes are positively associated with the Willingness to change meta-value; among the Kazakhs of Southern Kazakhstan (in comparison with the Kazakhs of Northern Kazakhstan), the meta-value of Preservation is of great importance, emigration attitudes are negatively associated with the meta-value of Self-overcoming; the meta-value of Self-overcoming is equally signifi cant for both the Kazakhs of the northern and the southern regions; emigration attitudes of the Kazakhs of both the southern and northern regions are negatively associated with the meta-value of Preservation and are positively associated with the meta-value of Self-Affi rmation. The obtained research results can be used in forecasting the migration behavior of Kazakh youth, as well as in the process of realizing a program “Rukhani Zhangyru – Public Consciousness Modernization” in Kazakhstan.

Morphofunctional and Hematological Characteristics of Health in Students from the Northern and Southern Regions of Kazakhstan

The study aimed at investigating morphofunctional and hematological features of the first-year students’ health condition. The health status for a total of 400 first-year students, who arrived for studying from the northern region (North Kazakhstan) and the southern region (Turkestan, Kyzylorda), was estimated during the study. The morphological (BMI, vital lung capacity, etc.) and hematological (the total number of red blood cells, white blood cells, the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood, etc.) indicators of the health status were investigated. By comparing the condition of physical health in students from both regions, a significant difference in main morphofunctional and hematological indices has been established. The functional indicators of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems were higher in students from the southern region, which reflects a good adaptive reaction to studying at a university, as well as new climatic and geographical conditions. Students from the southern region were reported to have lower red blood cell amounts and diagnosed with mild anemia compared to those from the northern region. Therefore, constant monitoring of the health condition among youth is required to develop effective tactics for the students’ smooth adjusting to living in new climatic conditions.

Comprehensive Study of the Physical and Chemical Properties of Phosphorus Sludge and Cottrell Dust

The article presents the results of physico-chemical research of waste from the phosphorus industry – phosphorus sludge and cottrell dust. The reliability of the experimental results was ensured by the use of generally recognized research methods, as well as reliable physico-chemical and instrumental methods of analysis. The results of the experiment prove the suitability of these types of waste for the production of mineral fertilizers. This, in turn, will make it possible to improve the environmental situation in the southern region of Kazakhstan.