Southern Mountainous Areas Research Articles

Integrating Ecosystem Services and Health into Landscape Functional Zoning: A Case Study of the Jinan Southern Mountainous Area, China

Integrating Ecosystem Services and Health into Landscape Functional Zoning: A Case Study of the Jinan Southern Mountainous Area, China

Patterns of Species Richness and Its Endemism of Beetles in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region of China

The Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region lies between the Mongolia-Xinjiang Zoogeographic Region and the Central China Zoogeographic Region in China, harboring relatively rich biodiversity. This study specifically examined the species diversity, richness and endemic areas of beetles in this area. By analyzing 5965 detailed distribution records of 2047 beetle species in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, the species richness maps were created with a grid size of 0.5°. Additionally, two methods, parsimony analysis of endemism (PAE) and endemicity analysis (EA) were applied to detect areas of endemism (AOEs) with different grid sizes (0.1°, 0.25° and 0.5°), resulting in the identification of three AOEs in the southern mountainous areas of the Taihang Mountains, Yanshan Mountains, and Xiaowutai Mountains. It also verified that AOEs are consistent with the hypothesis that endemic areas are predominantly located in mountain ranges, as proposed by previous related studies. These findings highlight the importance of complex topography and stable climate in shaping AOEs and conserving biodiversity.

Changes of soil nutrients and organic carbon fractions in Caragana korshinskii forests with different restoration years in mountainous areas of southern Ningxia, China.

Vegetation restoration can effectively enhance soil quality and soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. In this study, the distribution characteristics of soil nutrients and SOC along soil profile (0-100 cm), and their responses to restoration years (16, 28, 38 years) were studied in Caragana korshinskii plantations in the southern mountainous area of Ningxia, compared with cropland and natural grassland. The results showed that: 1) the contents of SOC, soil total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), particulate organic carbon (POC), mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) and the proportion of particulate organic carbon to total organic carbon (POC/SOC) all decreased with increasing soil depth. The ratio of mineral-associated organic carbon to total organic carbon (MAOC/SOC) exhibited an opposite trend. 2) The contents of SOC, TN, TP, C:P, N:P, POC and MAOC gra-dually decreased as the restoration years increased. However, the C:N ratio showed no significant change. The POC/SOC ratio initially increased and then decreased, while the MAOC/SOC ratio decreased initially and then increased. 3) In three different types of vegetation, POC, MAOC, and SOC showed a highly significant positive linear correlation, with the increase in SOC mainly depended on the increase in MAOC. The SOC, TN, TP, POC and MAOC contents in natural grassland and C. korshinskii plantations were significantly higher than those in cropland. In conclusion, soil nutrients and POC and MAOC contents of C. korshinskii plantations gradually decreased with the increases in restoration years. However, when compared with cropland, natural grassland and C. korshinskii plantations demonstrated a greater capacity to maintain and enhance soil nutrient and carbon storage.

Discovery of the Japan-Nearctic genus Chasmatonotus from the Korean Peninsula, with description of a new species (Diptera, Chironomidae)

A new species of the chironomid genus Chasmatonotus, C. yamamotoi sp. nov. is described from the southern mountainous area of the Korean Peninsula. This represents the first record of the genus from Continental Asia, hitherto known as Japan-Nearctic in distribution.

Construction of ecological security pattern of Jiangnan water town considering water-related ecosystem services: a case study of Yuecheng District, Shaoxing

The ecological security pattern (ESP) is considered an effective method to balance urban development and ecological protection. Integrating water-related ecosystem services (ESs) into the ESP construction process is essential for protecting urban water systems. In this study, Yuecheng District, a typical Jiangnan water town, was selected as the study area. We combined water-related ESs hotspots, landscape connectivity analysis and ecological resistance surfaces to identify areas that should be prioritized for restoration. The results indicated that (1) 25 ecological sources were identified, mainly distributed in the central canal water network area and the southern mountainous area; (2) we extracted 51 ecological corridors, with 44 of these being blue ecological corridors overlapping with rivers; (3) we developed a spatial optimization scheme known as “two belts, one circle and three zones” based on the ESP. This study offers valuable insights for sustainable planning and refined river and lake management in Jiangnan Water Town.

Geological evaluation of landslide engineering in southern mountainous areas of Henan province

On the basis of analyzing the surrounding environmental conditions and the basic characteristics of potential landslides, the stability of potential landslides was analyzed, calculated, and evaluated. On this basis, the development trend and risk assessment of potential landslides were obtained, and prevention plans were proposed, which have a certain role in preventing landslide disasters.

Distinguishing Convective and Stratiform Cloud Precipitation Using Multi-Source Observation Data Over Southern Mountainous Areas in Ningxia

Distinguishing Convective and Stratiform Cloud Precipitation Using Multi-Source Observation Data Over Southern Mountainous Areas in Ningxia

Ecological stoichiometry of leaf-litter-fine roots in mixed plantations in mountainous area of Southern Ningxia, China.

The southern mountainous areas in Ningxia are representative regions of the Loess Plateau, with extremely fragile ecological environment. Large area of pure plantations established during the project of Grain for Green has suffered from poor nutrient availability and biodiversity loss, while planting mixed plantations is commonly consi-dered as an effective way to improve the ecological benefits. We selected Robinia pseudoacacia + Picea asperata mixed plantation, R. pseudoacacia + Armeniaca sibirica mixed plantation, A. sibirica pure plantation and R. pseudoa-cacia pure plantation located ina Ningnan mountainous area as test objects. Based on the theory and method of ecological stoichiometry, we measured the C, N and P contents of leaves, litter and fine roots to understand nutrient cycling characteristics of different plantations. The results showed that there was significant difference in foliar stoichiometry of each tree species within the four plantations. P. asperata leaves had the highest C content in the R. pseudoacacia + P. asperata mixed plantation, and R. pseudoacacia leaves had the highest N and P contents in the R. pseudoacacia + A. sibirica mixed plantation. N content of R. pseudoacacia and A. sibirica leaves was significantly higher in mixed plantation compared with that in pure plantation. There was no significant difference in litter biomass, litter C, N, P contents and stoichiometric ratios between the pure and mixed plantations of R. pseudoacacia. Litter biomass in A. sibirica pure plantation was significantly higher than that in R. pseudoacacia + A. sibirica mixed plantation, while litter C content was significantly lower than that in the mixed plantation. Fine root biomass decreased with increasing soil depth in the four plantations, with total fine root biomass being the highest in the R. pseudoacacia + A. sibirica mixed plantation. N content and N:P of fine roots in the R. pseudoacacia + A. sibirica mixed plantation were higher than those in R. pseudoacacia and A. sibirica pure plantations. There was significant negative correlation between N content in leaves and fine roots of R. pseudoacacia + A. sibirica mixed plantation. There were significant negative correlations between the N content of leaves and litter, as well as between the P content of leaves and fine roots in the R. pseudoacacia + P. asperata mixed plantation. P content between litter and fine roots in A. sibirica pure plantation was significantly negatively correlated. Nutrient status of mixed plantations was better than pure plantations in the Ningnan mountainous area, with the mixed plantation of R. pseudoacacia and A. sibirica being the best. Mixed planting reduced nutrient limitation on plant growth to a certain extent.

Research on ecological restoration zoning from the hydro-ecological perspective: A case study of Yanqing District, Beijing

To prevent the degradation and destruction of ecosystems, ecological restoration has become a worldwide issue. In recent years, China has been comprehensively carrying out relevant work on national spatial ecological restoration planning, among which the work on ecological restoration zoning can provide strong support for the implementation of ecological restoration strategies. We propose a theoretical framework and technical route for ecological restoration zoning from the hydro-ecological perspective, and suggest forming a regional ecological restoration zoning system based on the watershed as the basic unit and the dynamic evolution process of hydro-ecology as the core. We conduct an empirical study in Yanqing District, Beijing. The results show that: (i) From 2000 to 2022, the hydro-ecological comprehensive index of Yanqing District shows an upward trend. In terms of spatial pattern changes, it roughly shows a rising trend in the northeastern and southern mountainous areas, and a downward trend in the central-western and southwestern basins. (ii) Six types of ecological restoration zones are formed with the watershed as the basic unit. Zone Ⅰ accounts for the largest area (26.87%), and Zone Ⅵ accounts for the smallest proportion (7.14%). (iii) The proportion of areas with good or superior hydro-ecology in the Ecological Policy Zone of Yanqing District increased by 15.89% from 2000 to 2022, which is significantly higher than the average level, confirming the effectiveness of ecological policies such as nature reserves. This study provides a paradigm for ecological restoration zoning from the hydro-ecological perspective, and provides assistance for regional ecological restoration and sustainable development in China and even globally.

A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Friendliness of Urban Facilities for the Elderly in Taipei City and New Taipei City

To address the topic of building age-friendly cities that better meet the needs of the elderly in a sustainable-city-oriented manner, this paper focuses on the interaction between the needs of the elderly and urban facilities in the urban built environment in order to propose a comprehensive evaluation method regarding the friendliness of urban facilities with respect to the elderly in large urban areas. The development of the proposed method was guided by the distribution characteristics of the elderly population and combines a spatial measurement evaluation, which is based on the spatial distribution characteristics of urban facilities for the elderly, and a post-use measurement evaluation, which is based on the characteristics of use by the elderly. Taipei City and New Taipei City are then taken as examples for evaluation. From the final evaluation results of the Boston four-quadrant analysis, the areas with higher spatial and post-use metric evaluation values were defined as areas of high concern, while those with lower spatial and higher post-use metric evaluation values were defined as advantage-maintained areas. These two types of areas accounted for about 58% of the total area, and are distributed in the Taipei urban area and northeast New Taipei City. The areas with higher spatial and lower post-use metric evaluation values were defined as priority improvement areas, while those with lower spatial and post-use metric evaluation values were defined as key complement areas. These two types of area accounted for about 42%, and are mainly distributed in the northwest part of Taipei City, as well as the western and southern mountainous areas of New Taipei City. Accordingly, region-specific planning policy recommendations were provided.

Study on spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and driving factors of carbon emission in Anhui Province

Carbon emission is related to global ecological security, and economic development inevitably leads to an increase in carbon emission. In recent years, as a rapidly developing province in China's economy, Anhui Province has experienced significant differences in the spatiotemporal distribution of carbon emission in different regions due to differences in development foundation, urbanization level, population size, industrial structure, etc., providing representative empirical cases for research. Based on the carbon emission data of Anhui Province before the COVID-19, this study used exploratory spatial data analysis method and Geodetector to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and drivers of carbon emission in Anhui Province. The study found that (1) the spatial differentiation and spatial correlation of carbon emission in Anhui Province are significant, At the beginning, it shows the characteristics of "high north and low south" and "high west and low east", and then the "core–edge" structure of carbon emission becomes obvious. Carbon emission hotspot areas increase and then decrease, mainly in Hefei, Fuyang and Chuzhou City, etc. The coldspot areas are mainly located in the southern and western mountainous areas, and the degree of aggregation is decreasing year by year. (3) The level of urbanization, economic development and population size are the main driving factors of the spatial variation of carbon emissions, while the industrial structure has the least influence. And most factors produce nonlinear enhancement when spatially superimposed with other factors. (4) The high value areas of economic development, population density, secondary industry structure, and energy intensity are all at high levels of carbon emission, and a combination of factors leads to the creation of high risk areas for carbon emission. The study provides a basis for reducing carbon emission in the next stage of Anhui Province, focusing on key carbon emission areas, and sustainable development.

Comparative Analysis of Ozone Pollution Characteristics between Urban Area and Southern Mountainous Area of Urumqi, China

The difference in ozone (O3) concentration between stations in the urban and southern mountainous areas of Urumqi was explored based on mathematical statistics and comparative analysis of pollutant concentrations. Besides, potential source contribution function (PSCF) analysis and concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) analysis were performed to identify the potential sources of PM2.5 and O3. The results showed that the daily and monthly mean O3 concentrations in the urban area of Urumqi showed a bimodal variation from October 2017 to August 2018, and the O3 concentration had obvious seasonal characteristics, with the highest in July (120.57 μg/m3) and the lowest in January (22.38 μg/m3). The overall variation of O3 concentration in the mountainous area in the southern suburb of Urumqi was not significant (56.69–84.06 μg/m3), and the O3 concentration was slightly higher in summer than in other seasons. The daily O3 concentration in the urban area showed a unimodal variation in all seasons, and the daily variation was the smallest in winter and the largest in summer. However, the daily variation in the mountainous area was not significant. The O3 concentration in the urban area showed a significant negative weekend effect in winter and a positive weekend effect in spring and summer. However, the O3 concentration only showed a significant positive weekend effect in the mountainous area in summer. The PSCF and CWT analysis results of urban O3 concentration showed that Urumqi, Shihezi, and Wusu were the main O3 source areas. In addition, some areas bordering Kazakhstan in Xinjiang, China were also important source areas.

Study on Spatiotemporal Evolution and Driving Forces of Habitat Quality in the Basin along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province Based on InVEST Model

The basin along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province is an important ecological protective screen in the Yangtze River Delta Economic Belt, with a large number of wetlands, lakes, and nature reserves in the basin. The effect of the rapid development of regional urbanization on the ecological environment quality has become an important threat source that restricts ecosystem function and biodiversity protection in the basin. Therefore, this study used InVEST model to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution of habitat quality based on remote sensing image data from 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020 in the basin along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province and revealed the spatial evolution trend of habitat quality degradation by using hot and cold spot analysis methods. The geographical detector model was used to discuss the main driving factors of habitat quality change. The study results showed that a trend of increase and decrease of construction land and paddy land in the basin from 1990 to 2020 was the opposite, that is, the area of construction land increased, and the area of paddy land decreased. Especially, the area of construction land increased from 390.18 km2 in 1990 to 1616.34 km2 in 2020. The area of increase and decrease of other land types remained around 1% to 2%. During the period from 2000 to 2020, Construction land was mainly transferred in from paddy land, accounting for over 60% of the area transferred in, which indicated the continuous increase of human activity intensity in the study area. From 1990 to 2020, the areas with a significant decline in habitat quality in the basin were mainly concentrated along the Yangtze River and in the northern part of the Chaohu Lake. The area proportion with the lowest grade of habitat quality showed a trend of increasing year by year, that is, the area proportion increased from 4.85% in 1990 to 8.47% in 2020. The hot spots of habitat quality degradation were concentrated in Hefei and its surrounding areas, while the cold spots of the degradation were mainly concentrated in the southern and western mountainous areas. Land use type was the main driving factor affecting habitat quality, and the interaction between land use and per capita GDP was the main driving factor for changes in habitat quality. The study results had important theoretical and practical value for the ecological environment protection and harmonious development of the relationship between humans and nature in the basin along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province.

Evaluation of the evolutionary genetics and population structure of Culex pipiens pallens in Shandong province, China based on knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations and the mtDNA-COI gene

BackgroundMosquitoes are important vectors for a range of diseases, contributing to high rates of morbidity and mortality in the human population. Culex pipiens pallens is dominant species of Culex mosquito in northern China and a major vector for both West Nile virus and Bancroftian filariasis. Insecticide application were largely applied to control the mosquito-mediated spread of these diseases, contributing to increasing rates of resistance in the mosquito population. The voltage-gated sodium channel (Vgsc) gene is the target site of pyrethroids, and mutations in this gene cause knockdown resistance (kdr). While these kdr mutations are known to be critical to pyrethroid resistance, their evolutionary origins remain poorly understood. Clarifying the origins of these mutations is potential to guide further vector control and disease prevention efforts. Accordingly, the present study was designed to study the evolutionary genetics of kdr mutations and their association with the population structure of Cx. p. pallens in Shandong province, China.MethodsAdult Culex females were collected from Shandong province and subjected to morphological identification under a dissection microscope. Genomic DNA were extracted from the collected mosquitoes, the Vgsc gene were amplified via PCR and sequenced to assess kdr allele frequencies, intron polymorphisms, and kdr codon evolution. In addition, population genetic diversity and related population characteristics were assessed by amplifying and sequencing the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase I (COI) gene.ResultsTotally, 263 Cx. p. pallens specimens were used for DNA barcoding and sequencing analyses to assess kdr allele frequencies in nine Culex populations. The kdr codon L1014 in the Vgsc gene identified two non-synonymous mutations (L1014F and L1014S) in the analyzed population. These mutations were present in the eastern hilly area and west plain region of Shandong Province. However, only L1014F mutation was detected in the southern mountainous area and Dongying city of Shandong Province, where the mutation frequency was low. Compared to other cities, population in Qingdao revealed significant genetic differentiation. Spatial kdr mutation patterns are likely attributable to some combination of prolonged insecticide-mediated selection coupled with the genetic isolation of these mosquito populations.ConclusionsThese data suggest that multiple kdr alleles associated with insecticide resistance are present within the Cx. p. pallens populations of Shandong Province, China. The geographical distributions of kdr mutations in this province are likely that the result of prolonged and extensive insecticide application in agricultural contexts together with frequent mosquito population migrations. In contrast, the low-frequency kdr mutation detected in central Shandong Province populations may originate from the limited selection pressure in this area and the relative genetic isolation. Overall, the study compares the genetic patterns revealed by a functional gene with a neutral marker and demonstrates the combined impact of demographic and selection factors on population structure.

Breeding a Giant Embryo and Multi-disease-resistant Rice Cultivar, ‘Drimi4ho’

Other SectionsAbstractRice is an important food crop that feeds most of the world's population. However, due to the increased frequency of pest outbreaks, it is necessary to cultivate complex pest-resistant rice cultivars. A mutant population was derived by culturing tissue of ‘Hwayeong’ at the Plant Molecular Breeding laboratory of Kyungpook National University in the Republic of Korea. The cultivar ‘Drimi4ho’, a line that was resistant to complex disease, was finally selected by backcrossing with ‘Junam’. The heading date of ‘Drimi4ho’ is August 11 (107 days after sowing). Drimi4ho’ has culm length of 69 cm, panicle length of 21 cm, 16 panicles per hill, 115 spikelets per panicle, a ratio of ripened grain of 92.7%, and a 1,000-grain weight of 24.3 g. No lodging occurred when ‘Drimi4ho’ was grown in the field by standard fertilization. It is also resistant to leaf/neck blast disease, bacterial blight (K1, K2, K3), rice dwarf virus, rice black-streaked dwarf virus, rice stripe virus, BPH, and SBPH. ‘Drimi4ho’ is a round and short-type grain, and is very clear and transparent without chalkiness. In addition, it has excellent physicochemical properties that make up food, so its taste is good. When ‘Drimi4ho’ was planted under ordinary conditions in the southern mountainous area of Korea, the yield was 5.53 MT/ha (Registration No. 6124).Keywords : rice, Drimi4ho, tissue culture, multi-resistant, grain quality

Isotopic and Hydrochemical Characteristics of the Changqing-Xiaolipu Water Resource, Jinan, Eastern China: Implications for Water Resources in the Yellow River Basin

The Yellow River has played an indispensable role in supporting Chinese civilization because it provides water resources and rich soil for agriculture. This study analyzes the major ions and the isotopic ratios of the hydrogen (δD), oxygen (δ18O), and carbon (14C) of groundwater samples to identify the sources of recharge and the impact of the Yellow River on the Changqing-Xiaolipu karst aquifer. The major ion/Cl− ratios generally follow the mixing line between the Yellow River and the karst groundwater recharge in the southern mountain areas, indicating the importance of mixing under natural influences in the Yellow River Basin. The dominant hydrochemical type of karst groundwater is Ca·Mg-HCO3·SO4, whereas that of Yellow River water is Ca·Na·Mg-SO4·Cl. Most karst groundwater consists of 10–30% Yellow River water, indicating that the water resources of the Yellow River Basin are generally supplemented by the Yellow River. Therefore, the Yellow River must be considered during the characterization of the chemistry and budget of water resources in the Yellow River Basin.

Identification of Potential Landslide Hazards Using Time-Series InSAR in Xiji County, Ningxia

Potential landslide identification and monitoring are essential to prevent geological disasters. However, in mountainous areas where the surface gradient changes significantly, the leveling effect is not completely removed, affecting the deformation results. In this paper, the SBAS-InSAR and PS-InSAR time-series processing methods were combined to interfere with the SAR image data of the ascending orbit in the southern mountainous area of Ningxia and its surrounding regions. Based on the obtained surface deformation monitoring results and optical images, landslide hazard identification was successfully carried out within the coverage area of 3130 km2 in Xiji County. The results show that the whole study area presented a relatively stable state, most of the deformation rates were concentrated in the range of 0 mm/a to −10 mm/a, and the deformation in the southwest area was larger. A total of 11 large potential landslides (which were already registered potential danger points of geological disasters) were identified in the study area, including three historical collapses. The landslide identification results were highly consistent with the field survey results after verification. The timing analysis of the typical landslide point of the Jiaowan landslide was further carried out, which showed that the Jiaowan landslide produced new deformation during the monitoring time, but it was still in a basically stable state. It can do a good job in disaster prevention and reduction while strengthening monitoring. The results of this study have a guiding effect on landslide prevention and mitigation in the mountainous areas of southern Ningxia.

Progress on Geographical Distribution, Driving Factors and Ecological Functions of Nepalese Alder

As the oldest species of Betulaceae, Nepalese alder (Alnus nepalensis) shows a high capacity for nitrogen fixation, rapid growth rate, and strong adaptability to stress environments, and it plays an important role in maintaining the structure and function of forest and agroforestry ecosystems. We explored its geographic distribution and the corresponding environmental drivers through collecting specimen records and published literature for Nepalese alder over the world during the past 40 years. The research trends, the growth limiting factors, the physiological characteristics, and ecological functions were all summarized as well. In terms of geographical distribution and limiting factors, Nepalese alder is mainly distributed in southern mountainous areas of the Himalayas and southwest China. Since it presented a clear northern limit of distribution and an upper limit of elevation, temperature is assumed to be the main environmental limiting factor. According to historical development, the research history of Nepalese alder could be divided into three main periods: the initial development (before 2001), the fast development (2002–2015), and the high-quality development (2016–2022), with the two key points in 2002 and 2015 relating to the conversion of cropland to a forest project that the government conducted and the application from theory to practice, respectively. As can be seen from the ecological functions, Nepalese alder could form symbiotic nodules with Frankia, which plays an important role in improving soil physical and chemical properties and facilitating vegetation secondary succession. Overall, the present review provides a reference for further studies on ecological adaptability and sustainable utilization of Nepalese alder under climate change, and also for regional ecosystem service, forestry production practice, and vegetation restoration.

A GIS-Based Analysis of the Carbon-Oxygen Balance of Urban Forests in the Southern Mountainous Area of Jinan, China

The urban forest is a vital carbon sink base in a city. The carbon-oxygen balance capacity of urban forests affects the urban carbon cycle and urban sustainable development. The forests maintain the carbon-oxygen balance through carbon sequestration and oxygen release (CSOR) processes. The carbon-oxygen balance of urban forests is formed by offsetting the carbon release and oxygen consumption (CROC) process of urban social activities through the CSOR process of forestland. Based on GIS technology, this research used the carbon-oxygen balance model to analyze the CROC and CSOR and study the carbon-oxygen balance of urban forests in the southern mountainous area of Jinan, China. The results of the increase in the carbon-oxygen balance coefficients showed that the carbon-oxygen balance capacity of urban forests showed a decreasing trend, with the decrease in forest area and the increase in fossil energy consumption from 2000 to 2019 in the southern mountainous area of Jinan. To increase the urban carbon-oxygen balance capacity, the city should expand its woodland area to improve the urban forest’s CSOR capacity and adjust the urban energy consumption structure to reduce the CROC of urban social activities.

Evaluation of Fengyun-4A Detection Accuracy: A Case Study of the Land Surface Temperature Product for Hunan Province, Central China

Land surface temperature (LST) is an important parameter in determining surface energy balance and a fundamental variable detected by the advanced geostationary radiation imager (AGRI), the main payload of FY-4A. FY-4A is the first of a new generation of Chinese geostationary satellites, and the detection product of the satellite has not been extensively validated. Therefore, it is important to conduct a comprehensive assessment of this product. In this study, the performance of the FY-4A LST product in the Hunan Province was authenticity tested with in situ measurements, triple collocation analyzed with reanalysis products, and impact analyzed with environmental factors. The results confirm that FY-4A captures LST well (R = 0.893, Rho = 0.915), but there is a general underestimation (Bias = −0.6295 °C) and relatively high random error (RMSE = 8.588 °C, ubRMSE = 5.842 °C). In terms of accuracy, FY-4A LST is more accurate for central-eastern, northern, and south-central Hunan Province and less accurate for western and southern mountainous areas and Dongting Lake. FY-4A LST is not as accurate as Himawari-8 LST; its accuracy also varies seasonally and between day and night. The accuracy of FY-4A LST decreases as elevation, in situ measured LST, surface heterogeneity, topographic relief, slope, or NDVI increase and as soil moisture decreases. FY-4A LST is also more accurate when the land cover is cultivated land or artificial surfaces or when the landform is a platform for other land covers and landforms. The conclusions drawn from the comprehensive analysis of the large quantity of data are generalizable and provide a quantitative baseline for assessing the detection capability of the FY-4A satellite, a reference for determining improvement in the retrieval algorithm, and a foundation for the development and application of future domestic satellite products.