Southern Goias Research Articles

WITHDRAWN

The document associated with this DOI has been withdrawn.

WITHDRAWN

The document associated with this DOI has been withdrawn.

WITHDRAWN

The document associated with this DOI has been withdrawn.

WITHDRAWN

The document associated with this DOI has been withdrawn.

Sugar-energy sector vulnerability under CMIP5 projections in the Brazilian central-southern macro-region

The Brazilian sugar-energy sector (SES) is facing an increasing challenge due to the worldwide expansion of biofuel consumption as a strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, making yield improvement and land and water availability key factors in addressing this situation. Consequently, our main aim here is to identify SES vulnerability under climate change conditions, based on the methodology used by the Agricultural Zoning of Climatic Risks (ZARC) program. We assessed changes of the sugarcane ZARC in light of the current and near-future climatic conditions given by eight general circulation models (GCM) of the 5th IPCC report and under the representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5. We identified a conversion of the current climatic risk levels in the Brazilian central-southern macro-region for sugarcane in future climate change scenarios, but the spatial distribution of these changes is heterogeneous. The current expansion areas located mainly in southern Goias and northwest of Sao Paulo are marked by an increase in areas of low water availability in the future, while the traditional production areas, east of Sao Paulo, do not present this same vulnerability. Sugarcane cultivation in the south of Goias is already occurring based on a complementary irrigation (of about 50 mm per month from April to September) to reach a yield similar to traditional areas located in Sao Paulo state. The development of drought-resistant cultivars based on genetic engineering and the efficiency of the irrigation systems used on a large spatial scale and also in the long term are two key points of concern in the Brazilian context of greenhouse gas emission mitigation. The challenges for the traditional production regions are related to the production system’s ability to regulate the capacity and idleness of sugarcane mills aiming to avoid current and future competition by same raw material.

ANÁLISE DE VIABILIDADE DA PRODUÇÃO DE SEMENTE E POLPA DE JATOBÁ (<i>Hymenaea </i>spp) NA REGIÃO SUL DE GOIÁS

Abordou-se, neste trabalho, o manejo florestal sustentável de produtos florestais não madeireiros (PFNM) e avaliou a viabilidade técnica e econômica da produção de frutos de jatobá no sul goiano. Em uma primeira etapa foram mapeadas e georreferenciadas 931 árvores do gênero Hymenaea, nos municípios de Campestre de Goiás - GO, Nazário - GO e Trindade - GO. Em uma segunda etapa, foram estimados os coeficientes técnicos de produção e coletados dados, juntamente ao produtor, quanto aos custos na produção de semente e farinha. O custo de produção foi de R$ 54,06.kg-1 e o preço de venda, de R$ 67,58.kg-1. As análises de viabilidade econômica de plantios de jatobá e de implantação de uma Agroindústria Rural de Pequeno Porte (ARPP) indicaram a partir dos critérios de avaliação econômica VPL, TIR, B/C e VAE, que há viabilidade na utilização dos frutos em ambos os cenários, desde que as práticas de manejo e estratégias de conservação fomentem a produção sustentável, provendo recursos econômicos enquanto ocorre, simultaneamente, a conservação dos recursos genéticos do jatobá.

English

The proximate and mineral composition of chicha seeds was evaluated, as well as protein digestibility, bioactive compounds (phenols and flavonoids) and profiles of organic and fatty acids, in order to provide information to support the dietary use of this seed, adding value to the fruit and contributing to the preservation of the Brazilian Cerrado. Chicha (Sterculia striata St. Hil. et Naud.) fruits were collected in the city of Jatai, in the southern Goias state. The seeds were lyophilized, ground and packed in hermetically sealed vials at -18°C. Composition analyses found high contents (g 100 g-1 dry matter [DM]) of proteins (22.34), lipids (23.91), dietary fiber (26.29), and the minerals (mg 100 g-1 DM) potassium (1,165.78), phosphorus (701.44), and magnesium (277.32). The in vitro protein digestibility was 65.67%. Oleic acid (35.17%), palmitic acid (27.13%) and linoleic acid (16.50%) were the major fatty acids; citric acid was the major organic acid. It is concluded that chicha seeds are a source of many nutrients, which supports their inclusion in the formulation of a healthy diet. Key words: Chicha, proximate composition, minerals, bioactive compounds, citric acid, fatty acid.

Riqueza de dipterofauna associada à matéria orgânica em decomposição em fragmentos de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual no sul de Goiás

Dipteran diversity was studied in four seasonal, semi-deciduous forest fragments in southern Goias state, Brazil. Species richness of Muscidae, Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae families was analyzed. The insects were collected each two months over the course of one year, using traps with decaying bait. The traps were kept in the field for five days each sampling period. A total of 1,956 individuals belonging to 13 families were collected. 29 species were identified belonging to the main families. Muscidae had the highest abundance, while Sarcophagidae presented the greatest number of species. We also report the occurrence of Philornis schildi (Muscidae) for the first time in Brazil. These data reinforce the importance of preserving these areas, and indicate the need for new studies to improve knowledge of the biodiversity associated with these fragments. This information may also be useful in future studies regarding the impact of human activity on insect fauna associated with this environment.

Parasitoides de dípteros coletados em excrementos de animais no sul de Goiás

This study determined the species of microhymenopterous of Diptera present in cattle and buffalo dung, from May 2003 to June 2004 and from April 2006 to March 2007 in chicken manure. All samples were collected in Southern Goias State, Brazil. The dipterous pupae were obtained by the flotation method. They were individually placed in gelatin capsules until the emergence of the flies and/or their parasitoids. The percentages of parasitism in cattle dung and chicken manure were 12.4% and 10.0%, respectively.

Hospedeiros do parasitóide Paraganaspis egeria Díaz, Gallardo & Walsh (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Eucoilinae) coletados em fezes bovinas e de búfalos, no sul do estado de Goiás

Este estudo verificou as espécies hospedeiros do parasitóideParaganaspis egeria Díaz, Gallardo & Walsh (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Eucoilinae) em fezes bovinas e fezes de búfalos, coletados no Sul do Estado de Goiás, de janeiro de 1998 a junho de 2004. As pupas foram obtidas por meio do método de flutuação, indivualizadas em cápsulas de gelatina até a emergência dos adultos de moscas ou de seus parasitóides A porcentagem de parasitismo em fezes bovinas e fezes de búfalos foi de 0,5% e 0,8%, respectivamente.

ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DE CUSTOS DE PRODUÇÃO E RENDA NA ATIVIDADE LEITEIRA NA REGIÃO SUL GOIANO: 1997/1998

This paper shows a comparative analysis of the dairy cattle production cost and income in the Southern Goias State mesoregion using data from an intentional sample of 34 producers, from October 1997 to September l998. The main variables were the animal unit (UA), the number of milking cows (VL), hectare of pasture (ha), and total income/total cost ratio. The first two indicate the herd relative performance while the third evaluates the pasture performance. The total income/total cost ratio varies from 0.60 to 0.93, indicating that, in the average, producers did not obtain net positive returns on their investments. The same ratio calculated using only cash income and costs show that all cash income/cash cost ratios are larger than the unit (1 .06 to 1.31). This indicates a relative financial success in the short run. The main difficulties to be overcome by the dairy cattle sector are: to lower overhead costs, to improve both land and herd productivity by better herd and pasture management, and to reduce the differences in managerial performance among producers. KEY-WORDS: Income; cost; dairy profitability.

Arquitetura deposicional e evolução da seqüência aluvial neocretácea da porção setentrional da Bacia Bauru, no sudeste brasileiro

The macroforms reconstructions using facies and architectural element analysis has been an important stratigraphic tool to delimit fluvial deposits geometries, and alluvial architecture evolution. Outcrops information of the Bauru Group from western Minas Gerais State (Triângulo Mineiro), northeastern of Mato Grosso do Sul, and southern Goias, allowed to elaborate models that shows the litossom geometries of the neo-cretaceous sequence. The faciological characteristics associated to downstream macroforms (DA Element), Sandy bars (SB Element), gravel bars and channels (GB and CH Elements) are indicating the paleoenvironment as low-sinuosity braided river dominated, associated to alluvial fan system. Paleocurrent data indicate that source area were mainly in the north and northeast of the Bauru Basin, in the Alto Paranaiba Uplift and Alkaline Complex of South Goias. The depositional characteristic has permitted to reconstruct the northern basin alluvial architecture, given important information about base level changes, sedimentation rate and accommodation space. Applying an alternative terminology to continental stratigraphic sequence, the evolution model of the neo-cretaceous alluvial sequence shows the high accommodation system tract to its lowest units (Aracatuba and Adamantina Formations), and low accommodation system tract to uppers (Uberaba and Marilia formations).

SPINNING DROPLETS - A CONSPICUOUS LAPILLI-SIZE STRUCTURE IN KAMAFUGITIC DIATREMES OF SOUTHERN GOIÁS, BRAZIL

Kamafugitic lavas, dykes and diatremes occur in the Aguas Emendadas Region, southern Goias, forming part of the Late-Cretaceous Rio Verde-Ipora Igneous Province. A variety of lapilli-sized juvenile fragments occurring in the matrix of diatreme-facies breccias were recognised. These include armoured lapilli, frozen droplets and spinning droplets. This work describes the spinning droplets and proposes a model for their formation in diatrene environments.

SPINNING DROPLETS - A CONSPICUOUS LAPILLI-SIZE STRUCTURE IN KAMAFUGITIC DIATREMES OF SOUTHERN GOIÁS, BRAZIL

Kamafugitic lavas, dykes and diatremes occur in the Aguas Emendadas Region, southern Goias, forming part of the Late-Cretaceous Rio Verde-Ipora Igneous Province. A variety of lapilli-sized juvenile fragments occurring in the matrix of diatreme-facies breccias were recognised. These include armoured lapilli, frozen droplets and spinning droplets. This work describes the spinning droplets and proposes a model for their formation in diatrene environments.

Thin-skinned thrust mineralization in the Bras�lia fold belt: the example of the old Luzi�nia gold deposit

The Luziânia gold deposits in southern Goias lie within the Late Proterozoic Brasilia fold belt. The rocks that host the gold mineralization are a monotonous series of hydrothermally altered phyllites that have been subject to low grade regional metamorphism. The major controls on the gold mineralization are northeast trending and gently northwest dipping ductile-brittle, dextral-reverse shear zones associated with regional thin-skinned thrusting of the Canastra Group. From a preliminary fluid inclusion study it is deduced that low salinity, ⩽ 7 eq. wt% NaCl, moderately dense, H2O-CO2 ± CH4 ore fluids deposited gold at temperatures of 300 ± 75°C and pressures of 1.5 to 3 kb in the filling stage of the vein formation. Post-filling stage gold deposition probably occured by mixing of fluids at higher crustal levels (1.5–2 kb). During thrusting, prograde metamorphism released pore water which penetrated along thrust planes that acted as high permeability zones for the ponding and release, by hydraulic fracturing, of overpressured fluids. Later in the tectonic evolution and at shallower crustal levels, there was likely an incursion of near suface water into the fault zone.