Southern Foot Research Articles

Soil Marginal Effect and LSTM Model in Chinese Solar Greenhouse.

The food crisis has increased demand for agricultural resources due to various factors such as extreme weather, energy crises, and conflicts. A solar greenhouse enables counter-seasonal winter cultivation due to its thermal insulation, thus alleviating the food crisis. The root temperature is of critical importance, although the mechanism of soil thermal environment change remains uncertain. This paper presents a comprehensive study of the soil thermal environment of a solar greenhouse in Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province, employing a variety of analytical techniques, including theoretical, experimental, and numerical simulation, and deep learning modelling. The results of this study demonstrate the following: During the overwintering period, the thermal environment of the solar greenhouse floor was divided into a low-temperature zone, a constant-temperature zone, and a high-temperature zone; the distance between the low-temperature boundary and the southern foot was 2.6 m. The lowest temperature in the low-temperature zone was 11.06 °C and the highest was 19.05 °C. The floor in the low-temperature zone had to be heated; the lowest value of the constant-temperature zone was 18.29 °C, without heating. The minimum distance between the area of high temperature and the southern foot of the solar greenhouse was 8 m and the lowest temperature reading was 19.29 °C. The indoor soil temperature tended to stabilise at a depth of 45 cm, and the lowest temperature reading at a horizontal distance of 1400 mm from the south foot was 19.5 °C. The Fluent and LSTM models fitted well and the models can be used to help control soil temperature during overwintering in extreme climates. The research can provide theoretical and data support for the crop areas and the heating of pipelines in the solar greenhouse.

The Second Garhwal Expedition of the St. Petersburg Association of Scientists & Scholars (the Western Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India, May 2023)

This paper briefl y describes the interdisciplinary biogeographical expedition to the Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand state (India) in May 2023. It was organized by the Center for Himalayan Research of the St. Petersburg Association of Scientists & Scholars (SPASS) and took place under the fl ag of the Russian Association of Researchers of the Himalaya and Tibet. This was the 7th expedition of SPASS to the Western Himalaya and the 2nd expedition of SPASS to Garhwal. Participants explored the eastern part of this region west of the Nanda Devi mountain from the Indo- Gangetic Plain to the southern foot of the Transhimalaya (Zanskar Range, 4330 m). Observations were made and materials were collected in the fi elds of botany, zoology (entomology, herpetology), hydrobiology and microbiology.

Arsenic In Surface Waters In The Central Part Of The North Caucasus And Correspondent Health Risk Assessment

Arsenic is ranked as a significant global health hazard associated with potable water. The present study assesses the arsenic pollution of the surface waters in the mountainous regions of the central part of the North Caucasus due to the presence of geochemical anomalies and the potential health risk by its consumption for the residents. The studies were carried out from 2016 to 2022. The surface waters of 5 main rivers of the region (Kuban, Malka, Baksan, Chegem and Cherek) with their main tributaries have been studied. Samples were taken during the period of intensive melting of glaciers (summer). The determination of the soluble form of arsenic was carried out using the method of atomic absorption spectrometry. In general, arsenic concentrations in this region are lower than Clark values for river waters. Along with this, watercourses with high and very high concentrations of arsenic have been identified. Elevated concentrations of arsenic in surface waters spatially coincide with the location of geochemical anomalies. The most polluted is the Baksan River. The levels of surface waters pollution from natural and anthropogenic sources are almost the same (up to 100 µg/dm3). In this regard, an assessment of the health hazard was carried out. For residents receiving drinking water from wells located at the southern foot of Elbrus, the carcinogenic risk for adults was 4.51×10-4, which is unacceptable for the general population. The non–carcinogenic risk was 1.00 - the maximum permissible risk causing concern.

2016–2017年小浪底栓皮栎人工林碳水通量观测数据集

The concern about global change has brought more attention to the role of plantations in the regional carbon and water cycle recently. Quercus variabilis is one of the most widely distributed natural tree species in China. The southern foot of Taihang Mountain is one of the key areas of forestry engineering in China. The study on the observation of water and carbon fluxes in a Quercus variabilis plantation in this area is of great significance to the development of forestry ecological engineering and the evaluation of plantation carbon sink function in China. Henan Xiaolangdi Earth Critical Zone National Research Station on the Middle Yellow River (i.e. XLD) has carried out long-term observation of and research on the carbon and water fluxes in a Quercus variabilis plantation using the eddy covariance technique since 2005. This dataset contains carbon and water flux observations and meteorological data collected from XLD from 2016 to 2017, which have been processed in accordance with the standard quality control system of ChinaFLUX. It covers the data of gross ecosystem primary productivity, ecosystem respiration, net ecosystem carbon exchange, latent heat flux, sensible heat flux and other related meteorological factors, such as air temperature, air relative humidity, vapor pressure, wind speed, wind direction, radiation, soil temperature, soil moisture, precipitation, etc. The dataset is composed of the data collected at the scales of half-hourly, daily, monthly, and yearly intervals. This dataset can provide data support for the management of plantation ecosystems and the assessment of regional carbon budgets. Moreover, it plays a crucial role in promoting data sharing and standardization management of field stations in China.

The fault network in the southern foot of Rila Mountains, SW BulgariaThe fault network in the southern foot of Rila Mountains, SW Bulgaria

Southwestern slopes of Rila Mountain and northern parts of the Mesta graben are one of the least studied areas in terms of brittle tectonics. We carried out studies in the area around Bachevo and Dobarsko villages aiming to observe the fault zone network. The Bachevo fault zone is defined as Paleogene–Eocene Low-Angle Normal Fault that later underwent strike-slip and normal fault reactivation. The zone is an important tectonic boundary, separating the ca. 56 Ma Kapatnik granite from the Ograzhden Unit. Another important and possibly younger extensional zone is the Semkovo Fault. The relationships between the both zones are unclear. In terms of the Quaternary tectonics, it is important to differentiate between the Semkovo fault and the active Southeastern Rila Normal Fault. There are no data about Quaternary activity of the Bachevo fault zone.

Plant-Soil Carbon Storage in Dynamic Succession of Ecological Restoration in National Grassland Natural Park

Ecological restoration has a positive impact on global climate change. How plant-soil stores carbon in degraded grassland ecological restoration requires long-term monitoring and support. To reveal the dynamics of plant-soil carbon storage in the succession process of ecological restoration, compare the effects of artificial interference and natural restoration, and determine the impact of climate change and biodiversity on vegetation soil carbon storage, we conducted a study in National Grassland Natural Park, which is located on the southern foot of the Yinshan Mountains in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China. Based on long restoration chronosequences (2012–2022), using a space-for-time substitution approach and one-way ANOVA tests, Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling were used to investigate the interactions among these various factors. The results indicated that the carbon storage of aboveground vegetation first increased, and then, decreased with time. The underground root carbon storage and soil carbon storage at 0–10 cm and 20–30 cm first increased, then decreased, and finally, stabilized. The highest soil carbon storage (0–30 cm) was 102.11 t/ha in 2013, which accounted for 96.61% of the total organic carbon storage. The Shannon–Wiener index, individual number of species, and surface root carbon storage (0–10 cm) significantly increased the carbon storage of surface soil (0–10 cm) (p < 0.05). Compared to natural restoration, artificial restoration over seven years decreased soil carbon storage at 0–30 cm and underground root carbon storage at 0–10 cm (p < 0.05). Consequently, combining artificial restoration with natural restoration can help in establishing a more stable ecosystem faster and in increasing the carbon storage of the ecosystem. It is an effective management measure to promote grassland restoration in arid areas. Also, climate (MAT, MAP) change was closely correlated with plant-soil carbon storage.

The Christian Arabic dialect of Mērgī

Abstract The area northeast of Mosul, a collection of villages with varying topography and terrain, is known for being a mosaic of ethnic and religious minorities. The village of Mērgī, the focus of interest in this paper, is one of the historical Christian settlements in the area, located on the southern foot of the Mount Maqlūb. Based on a fieldwork carried out in 2022 in Mērgī, this article investigates the linguistic situation in this village and carries out comparisons with the other well-documented related dialects in the vicinity.

Detecting Geothermal Anomalies Using Multi-Temporal Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing Data in the Damxung–Yangbajain Basin, Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

Geothermal energy is an eco-friendly, renewable source of underground thermal energy that exists in the interior of the earth. By tapping into these formations, fluids can be channeled to heat the rock formations above, resulting in a significantly higher land surface temperature (LST). However, LST readings are influenced by various factors such as sun radiation, cyclical variations, and precipitation, which can mask the temperature anomalies caused by geothermal heat. To address these issues and highlight the LST anomalies caused by geothermal heat, this paper proposes a methodology to efficiently and quickly calculate the multi-temporal LST leveraging of the Google Earth Engine (GEE) in the Damxung–Yangbajain basin, Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. This method incorporates terrain correction, altitude correction, and multi-temporal series comparison to extract thermal anomaly signals. The existing geothermal manifestations are used as a benchmark to further refine the methodology. The results indicate that the annual mean winter LST is a sensitive indicator of geothermal anomaly signals. The annual mean winter LST between 2015 and 2020 varied from −14.7 °C to 26.7 °C, with an average of 8.6 °C in the study area. After altitude correction and water body removal, the annual mean winter LST varied from −22.1 °C to 23.3 °C, with an average of 6.2 °C. When combining the distribution of faults with the results of the annual mean winter LST, this study delineated the geothermal potential areas that are located predominantly around the fault zone at the southern foot of the Nyainqentanglha Mountains. Geothermal potential areas exhibited a higher LST, ranging from 12.6 °C to 23.3 °C. These potential areas extend to the northeast, and the thermal anomaly range reaches as high as 19.6%. The geothermal potential area makes up 8.2% of the entire study area. The results demonstrate that the approach successfully identified parts of known geothermal fields and indicates sweet spots for future research. This study highlights that utilizing the multi-temporal winter LST is an efficient and cost-effective method for prospecting geothermal resources in plateau environments.

The geomagnetic field of the Ukrainian Carpathians and a 3D magnetic model of the Transcarpathian Depression

The article presents the results of a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the geomagnetic field of the Ukrainian Carpathians and 3D magnetic modeling along the PANCAKE geotransect and Transcarpathian Depression, as well as a comparison of the obtained results with fault-block tectonics, deep structure, and distribution of a number of types of endogenous ore deposits and hydrocarbon accumulations.
 It is shown that the overthrust northeastern part of the Carpathian arc lies on the magnetic crust, and the southwestern one — on its non-magnetic lower part, and between the Rava-Rus’ka and Krakovets and Pre-Carpathian faults, the Earth’s crust is magnetized throughout.
 For the territory of the Transcarpathian Depression, the regional and local components of the geomagnetic field were identified for the first time, geological and geophysical characteristics were provided, and their tectonic interpretation was proposed.
 A three-dimensional magnetic model of the Transcarpathian Depression was created taking into account the magnetization of rocks according to measurements. A detailed magnetic model of the upper part of the crustal section of the Transcarpathian Depression was developed. The connection of magnetic sources with fault zones was analyzed; the results were compared with the deep structure and distribution of ore deposits and hydrocarbon accumulations.
 The regional source with magnetism І=1.0 A/m is located within the Mukachevo Depression and is located at a depth of 6.0 km to 13 km. The local component of the geomagnetic field reflects the magnetic inhomogeneity of the Earth’s crust in the upper 3—4 km of the section and mainly reflects the volcano-tectonic structures and dike formations of the Vyhorlat-Gutyn Ridge, the Chop-Berehove Uplift, and the Velika Dobron’ Uplift. The maximum depths of magnetic sources (up to 3.5 km) and their magnetization (1.22 A/m) are characteristic of the structures of the Vyhorlat-Gutynsky Ridge, intermediate values of depths (2.0—3.0 km) and magnetization (up to 0.93 A/m) belong to the Chop-Berehove Uplift, and the minimum depths (up to 1.1 km) and magnetization (up to 0.7 A/m) are characteristic of the Velika Dobron’ Uplift.
 It is shown that the gas fields of Transcarpathia correspond to local positive magnetic anomalies and are localized above a deep magnetic source. Within the Berehove Uplift, positive anomalies and magnetic sources indicate andesiteporphyrite shafts and andesite domes of Sarmatian age associated with gold, gold-polymetallic and silver mineralization. A zone of antimony mineralization is associated with the Pannonian-Pontic volcanic structures along the southern foot of the Vyhorlat-Gutyn Ridge, and deposits and occurrences of bismuth and mercury correlate well with intrusive formations of the Dacian-Romanian age.

A preliminary magnetic anomaly study of the Nieuwerkerk Seamount, Banda Sea, Indonesia

The Nieuwerkerk seamount has been identified in the Banda Sea since the 1930s by Dutch researchers through the Snellius Expedition. However, the physical description of the seamount and its relation to the surrounding seafloor features has not been discussed due to the lack of geophysical data in the area. This study addresses those issues by examining the shipboard magnetic anomalies acquired during the Jalacitra II-2022 “Banda” Expedition. The result indicates two possible magmatic flows, with the reduced-to-equator magnetic anomaly of around -120 nT and -30 nT at the main and secondary summits, respectively. No magnetic anomaly is identified at the ridge east of the seamount, indicating the absence of structure or magmatic rocks. An extreme magnetic anomaly contrast of up to 145 nT is indicated at the southern foot of the seamount, striking ENE-WSW. These magnetic discontinuities are possibly depicting strike-slip faults, which are also found at the three other smaller seamounts southwest of Nieuwerkerk. These preliminary physical descriptions are key to opening up a discussion on the structure and activities of the Nieuwerkerk seamount and its relationship with the surrounding seafloor features.

Hydrochemical and Isotopic Evidence for Groundwater Conversion of Surface Water in Alpine Arid Areas: A Case Study of the Datong River Basin

Global warming and regional extreme climates will lead to unbalanced rainfall, melting glaciers, and permafrost degradation in alpine and arid mountain plains, thereby changing the regional hydrological cycle. The relationship between surface water and groundwater conversion is one of the important scientific issues of hydrological cycle climate response in alpine arid areas. Taking the Datong River Basin at the southern foot of the Qilian Mountains as the study area, based on 119 sets of basic hydrochemical parameters and deuterium-oxygen isotope data, using multivariate statistical analysis and isotopic techniques, the hydrochemical characteristics of surface water and groundwater in the basin and their mutual transformation process were studied. The results showed that the surface water was HCO3-Mg·Ca type, which was mainly controlled by rock weathering, whereas the groundwater was HCO3-Mg·Ca type and Cl·SO4-Na type, which was controlled by rock weathering and evaporation concentration. There was a small amount of calcium and magnesium feldspar dissolved in the upstream groundwater, and the chemical components of the midstream groundwater were mainly the weathering and dissolution of carbonate rocks. The contribution rates of weathering filtration, anthropogenic activities, native sedimentary environment, alternating adsorption of cations, and other factors to the chemical components of surface water and groundwater in the study area were 39.1%, 15.0%, 12.6%, 13.8%, and 19.5%, respectively. The deuterium and oxygen isotope contents of Datong River water showed a trend of enrichment to depletion along the groundwater flow direction. The δD and δ18O isotope test results showed that the deuterium and oxygen isotope content in the Datong River along the groundwater flow showed a trend of enrichment to depletion. The upper and middle reaches of the Datong River were mainly recharged by atmospheric precipitation, whereas the lower reaches were affected by geological structure and influenced by hydrogeological conditions, which was mainly due to diving and spring water overflow to supply river water, as the discharge area of groundwater.

Application of Helicopter-Borne and Ground–Airborne Electromagnetic Detection to Tunnel Engineering Investigation

The Cedaya-S340 Holgutu Highway Construction Project is located in the Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture of Bayingolin in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. It is an important traffic channel that connects Luntai County and Hejing County at the southern foot of Tianshan Mountains. As the major component of the highway project, the Huola Mountain Tunnel has a sharp topographic relief, and, therefore, commonly used land geophysical detection instruments cannot work on it. Therefore, we conducted a qualitative survey on the ground-to-air and airborne electromagnetic detection methods used at the Huola Mountain Tunnel site to provide basic data for the design of highway tunnels. The geophysical survey summarized the ground–airborne frequency-domain electromagnetic method (GAFEM) and the helicopter-borne time-domain electromagnetic method (HTEM) developed by Jilin University, and measured 15 measuring lines. Apparent resistivity imaging was performed for each section, and the results were consistent. This study comprehensively analyzed the apparent resistivity profile and geological mapping data. Then, the study inferred the major stratigraphic boundaries, fault fracture zones, rock fragmentation, weakness, karst development, and water content in accordance with background value, low-resistivity anomaly shape, low-resistivity anomaly value, and gradient value in the apparent resistivity profile. Finally, the study identified the scope of two main low-resistivity anomalies, located at the tunnel entrance and exit, respectively, which are basically consistent with the known fault location. The results of this study show that on the basis of the apparent resistivity maps of GAFEM and HTEM, the overall distribution law is basically consistent with site landform, hydrogeology, tectonic geology, and aerial image data. The results provide guidance for the construction of the Huola Mountain Tunnel and ensure the construction safety and progress of the tunnel.

Molecular and osteological verification of the taxonomic status of Phoxinus sedelnikowi (Berg, 1908) (Teleostei: Leuciscidae)

Phoxinus sedelnikowi is a Central Asian representative of the genus Phoxinus, occurring in the tributaries of Lake Zaisan at the southern foot of the Altai Mountains. Its systematic position has so far been unclear. It was considered a subspecies of Rhynchocypris czekanowskii, R. lagowskii and P. phoxinus. Here, we sequenced the cytochrome b gene and ATP-ase subunits 6 and 8 of representatives of P. sedelnikowi and two populations of P. phoxinus (including the topotypical population) and R. czekanowskii, R. lagowskii, and R. percnurus. We also performed an analysis of the shapes of the seven bones of the skull of all six forms examined and then performed a phylogenetic interpretation of the obtained results. Both P. sedelnikowi and Phoxinus sp. from the Solonovka population appeared to be separate from P. phoxinus from the topotypical population by Cytb: 0.11 and ATP: 0.13 distance. Therefore, they may be considered as independent species within the genus Phoxinus. We found the generic level genetic distance between Phoxinus and Rhynchocypris (Cytb: 0.24 and ATP: 0.68), which thus confirmed their independence. Genetic analyses revealed that one of the studied individuals of R. lagowskii shares the ATP haplotype with R. czekanowskii. The Cytb haplotype of this individual is also closest to that of R. czekanowskii, indicating an introgression between these forms and questioning their species status. The UPGMA and MP analysis of the selected osteological features confirmed the differentiation between Phoxinus and Rhynchocypris on the generic level. The results at lower taxonomic levels are not consistent with the identified genetic diversity, suggesting that osteological features may not be sufficient to distinguish forms at the intra-generic level.

2001-2019年太行山南麓栓皮栎人工林叶面积指数与气候因子的关系

2001-2019年太行山南麓栓皮栎人工林叶面积指数与气候因子的关系

Insect diversity in different stand types of urban forest: A case study at the southern foot of Zijin Mountain, Nanjing

Insect diversity in different stand types of urban forest: A case study at the southern foot of Zijin Mountain, Nanjing

Study on Biomass Models of Artificial Young Forest in the Northwestern Alpine Region of China

The artificial young forest is an important component of ecosystems, and biomass models are important for estimating the carbon storage of ecosystems. However, research on biomass models of the young forest is lacking. In this study, biomass data of 96 saplings of three tree species from the southern foot of the Qilian Mountains were collected. These data, coupled with allometric growth equations and the nonlinear joint estimation method, were used to establish independent, component-additive, and total-control compatible models to estimate the biomass of artificial young wood of Picea crassifolia (Picea crassifolia Kom.), Sabina przewalskii (Sabina przewalskii Kom.), and Pinus tabulaeformis (Pinus tabuliformis Carr.). The distribution characteristics of the biomass components (branch, leaf, trunk, and root biomass) and the goodness of fit of the models were also analyzed. The results showed that (1) the multiple regression models with two independent variables (MRWTIV) were superior to the univariate models for all three tree species. Base diameter was the best-fitting variable of the univariate model for Picea crassifolia and Pinus tabulaeformis, and the addition of base diameter and crown diameter as variables to the MRWTIV can significantly improve model accuracy. Tree height was the best-fitting variable of the univariate model of Sabina przewalskii, and the addition of tree height and crown diameter to the MRWTIV can significantly improve model accuracy; (2) the two independent variable component-additive compatible model was the best-fitting biomass model. The compatible models constructed by the nonlinear joint estimation method were less accurate than the independent models. However, they maintained good compatibility among the biomass components and enabled more robust estimates of regional biomass; and (3) for the young wood of Picea crassifolia, Sabina przewalskii, and Pinus tabulaeformis, the aboveground biomass ratio of each component to total biomass was highest for leaf biomass (26%–68%), followed by branch (10%–46%) and trunk (11%–55%) biomass, and the aboveground biomass was higher than the underground biomass. In conclusion, the optimal biomass model of artificial young forest at the sampling site is a multivariate component-additive compatible biomass model. It can well estimate the biomass of young forest and provide a basis for future research.

Interannual characteristics and driving mechanism of CO2 fluxes during the growing season in an alpine wetland ecosystem at the southern foot of the Qilian Mountains.

The carbon process of the alpine ecosystem is complex and sensitive in the face of continuous global warming. However, the long-term dynamics of carbon budget and its driving mechanism of alpine ecosystem remain unclear. Using the eddy covariance (EC) technique-a fast and direct method of measuring carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes, we analyzed the dynamics of CO2 fluxes and their driving mechanism in an alpine wetland in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) during the growing season (May-September) from 2004-2016. The results show that the monthly gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (Re) showed a unimodal pattern, and the monthly net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) showed a V-shaped trend. With the alpine wetland ecosystem being a carbon sink during the growing season, that is, a reservoir that absorbs more atmospheric carbon than it releases, the annual NEE, GPP, and Re reached -67.5 ± 10.2, 473.4 ± 19.1, and 405.9 ± 8.9 gCm-2, respectively. At the monthly scale, the classification and regression tree (CART) analysis revealed air temperature (Ta) to be the main determinant of variations in the monthly NEE and GPP. Soil temperature (Ts) largely determined the changes in the monthly Re. The linear regression analysis confirmed that thermal conditions (Ta, Ts) were crucial determinants of the dynamics of monthly CO2 fluxes during the growing season. At the interannual scale, the variations of CO2 fluxes were affected mainly by precipitation and thermal conditions. The annual GPP and Re were positively correlated with Ta and Ts, and were negatively correlated with precipitation. However, hydrothermal conditions (Ta, Ts, and precipitation) had no significant effect on annual NEE. Our results indicated that climate warming would be beneficial to the improvement of GPP and Re in the alpine wetland, while the increase of precipitation can weaken this effect.

An Assessment of Ecological Protection Importance Based on Ecosystems Services and Vulnerabilities in Tibet, China

Tibet has a unique ecosystem and unique species resources and is an important ecological protection area in China and surrounding countries. Ecological protection in Tibet needs to be strengthened and targeted regionally. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the importance of ecological protection and its spatial difference for policy formulation. In this study, the importance of biodiversity conservation, water retention, soil retention, and sand prevention, as well as the vulnerability of soil erosion and land desertification, was assessed, and the importance of ecological protection was classified. The extremely important ecological protection areas covered an area of 615,000 km2, mainly located in the Northern Tibet Plateau, the southern foot of the Himalayas, the Hengduan Mountains, and the Gangdise-Nyainqentanglha Mountains. The relationship between land-use type, elevation, and ecological protection importance was studied. The results showed that the most important ecological protection area consisted of forest and grassland in low-altitude areas or uninhabited areas 5000 m above sea level. The spatial characteristics of dominant ecological functions in different regions were identified by comparing the importance of different factors. The study found that there are significant differences in the dominant factors of important ecological protection areas in Southeast Tibet, Northern Tibetan Plateau, and Central Tibet. The results provide an effective reference for ecological function zoning and ecological protection policy formulation in Tibet, as a scientific basis for promoting ecological protection and restoration in Tibet.

Design and Construction of Intelligent Corridor of Tourist Attractions Based on Sensor Network

This paper presents an in-depth analysis and study of traditional corridor construction and tourism system planning using intelligent sensing networks. This paper proposes a node deployment and coverage optimization method for HWSNs based on particle swarm optimization emperor butterfly algorithm and extreme learning machine, with the objectives of reducing node deployment cost, reducing coverage redundancy and voids, improving monitoring area coverage, and increasing the agility of data processing by 15.03%, efficiency by 12.15%, and stability by 11.31%. In the paper, the static parameter table of the sensor is stored inside the smart sensor or stored on the IoT cloud platform to achieve automatic registration of the static parameters of the smart sensor. According to the characteristics of dynamic parameters of smart sensors, an autonegotiation algorithm is designed to realize the dynamic parameters of smart sensors to be determined by autonegotiation and complete registration without human intervention, which includes four parts: utility function, concussion protocol, proposal generation strategy, and response mechanism. The intelligent sensing system is composed of three parts: smart sensor, IoT gateway, and IoT cloud platform; the functions of each part in the system are analyzed, and MAR and STM32F4 are selected as the core board of smart sensor and IoT gateway. And for the problems of time-consuming and tedious access to smart sensors in the system, we propose to study the adaptive sensor UART serial port parameters and automatic registration of sensor parameters. Based on the analysis of the current environment and resource characteristics of the traditional corridor, the current situation of ecotourism resources of the traditional corridor is sorted out, an evaluation index system is established to evaluate ecotourism resources, and the current development basis is analyzed from four aspects: natural environment, tourism resources, product development, and infrastructure. Finally, to promote the sustainable development of the ecotourism corridor in the Chengdu section of the southern foot of the Qinling Mountains, the planning and development strategies to match the ecotourism corridor in the Chengdu section of the southern foot of the Qinling Mountains are proposed in four aspects: transportation organization optimization, ecological landscape enhancement, support system construction, and regional tourism development.

Effects of snow and land modification on an andesite lava aquifer in Chokai volcano, northwestern Japan

Studied regionChokai volcano is composed of low-permeability andesite lava, a snowfall-influenced hydrological setting that has been little studied. Study focusSnowfall there is expected to decrease due to climate change and expanded quarrying along its southern foot. To evaluate the effects of future environmental changes on the groundwater discharged from springs at the feet of lava flows, which is used for agriculture and domestic purposes, we used isotopic, hadrochemical, geologic, meteorological, and topographic information to elucidate the recharge area, major recharge season, and underground flow of spring waters and surface waters at Chokai. New hydrogeological insights for the regionGroundwater and surface water are of NaCl type with high deuterium excess values, indicating a strong contribution of atmospheric deposition of sea salt aerosols during winter. Altitude indicators based on water H and O isotopic compositions and chloride ion concentrations suggest that the foothill springs are recharged mainly on gentle slopes below ∼700 m elevation. This area is generally covered with volcanic sediments, which contain wetlands and perched aquifers that continuously supply groundwater to the underlying lava through fractures and voids without thorough mixing in the lava aquifer. Anticipated decreases in snowfall and the removal of surface rocks may adversely affect not only the foothill springs supplied by snowmelt and the rice cultivation that depends on them, but also the wetland ecosystem.