Southeastern Anatolia Region Of Turkey Research Articles

Sustainable Irrigation Management in Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey

In successful irrigation management, firstly the water resource should be developed accordingly, and secondly, the irrigation water should be delivered from the source to irrigation fields. In addition, strategies should be developed to guide producers in irrigation areas, to adopt proper irrigation practices, to optimize the cropping pattern according to the water potential, and to make the production plans that guarantee the income of farmers. The main objective of this study is to investigate issues the sustainable irrigation management in Southeastern Anatolia Region (SAR) of Turkey. Therefore, some problems and causes/constraints have been investigated and related solution suggestions have been given.

Neutrosophic Statistical Analysis of Temperatures of Cities in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey


 In the paper, neutrosophic statistical analysis of temperature data of different cities in the southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey is given. The neutrosophic mean and neutrosophic coefficient of variation are computed using the temperature data. From the analysis, it is concluded that the temperatures of Mardin and Şanlıurfa cities are more consistent than the other cities in Turkey. In addition, the neutrosophic results are compared with results under classical statistics. Based on the comparative study, it can be concluded that neutrosophic statistical results are more adequate, flexible, and more informative than classical statistics.

Investigation of the prevalence of potentially malignant and malignant oral lesions in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey: A 5-year retrospective study

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the region, frequency, distribution, age, and sex of histopathologically diagnosed oral malignant and oral potentially malignant lesions obtained from patients admitted to the Department of Pathology, Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Material and Method: The pathological data of oral malignant and potentially malignant lesions histopathologically diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, between 2018 and 2023, were retrospectively reviewed. Potentially malignant and malignant oral lesions were classified, and their distribution according to region, age, and sex was analyzed. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to analyze the conformity of continuous variables to the normal distribution. The type I error level was accepted as 5% in statistical analyses. Results: Among 161 patients with oral or potential malignancy, 76 (47.2%) were female, and 85 (52.8%) were male, with a mean age of 53.9 ± 17.4 years. The most common lesions were found in the buccal mucosa (40.4%). When 104 malignant lesions were analyzed, the most common lesion was oral squamous cell carcinoma with a rate of 75%, and when 57 potentially malignant lesions were analyzed, 38 (66.7%) of the patients had lichen planus, and 19 (33.3%) had leukoplakia. Conclusion: This retrospective study shows the distribution, frequency, and characteristics of malignant lesions in the oral cavity in a group of populations, especially in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey, and allows comparison with studies in different populations. How to cite this article: Kaplan B, Alabalık U, Akşahin C, Çolak M, Ortaç H. Investigation of the prevalence of potentially malignant and malignant oral lesions in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey: A 5-year retrospective study. J Med Dent Invest 2023; 4: e230348. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e230348

Refugee Students' Perspectives on Science Lessons

This study aims to determine the opinions of Syrian students who have migrated to Turkey regarding science subjects. The present study is a non-experimental descriptive design accompanied by qualitative data collection and analysis procedure. This study was conducted with 87 (41 female, 46 male) Syrian students, who are learning Turkish in the Turkish Teaching Center (TÖMER) in a big city located in the southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey. A questionnaire with two sections developed by the researchers was used for data collection. In the first section of the questionnaire, there are 6 questions related to the demographic features of the participants. In the second section, there are five open-ended questions, which aimed at determining the attitudes of the participants towards science. Each of these five open-ended questions was designed as a writing activity. Content analysis technique was used to analyze the data obtained from the open-ended questions. At the end of the study, refugee students stated that they liked biology the most and least enjoyed the physics lesson because it was easy in science lessons and because it studied living things. Results indicated that science does indeed have an impact on their lives, and they provided the following statements as their reasons. They stated that science is more beneficial for humanity and has a significant influence on our lives.

Trends of High and Low Values of Annual and Seasonal Precipitation in Turkey

The exploration of precipitation data trends using innovative analysis methods is anticipated to offer significant contributions to sustainability across various domains, including water resources management, agricultural planning, climate change understanding, environmental protection, risk assessment, and preparedness. This study employs an improved visualization of the innovative trend analysis (IV-ITA) method for detecting annual and seasonal trends in precipitation variables across 194 stations in Turkey over the period 1969–2020. The outcomes derived from the IV-ITA method were further juxtaposed with the results obtained from the classical Mann–Kendall (MK) test. Using the MK test, statistically significant increasing trends were detected in the annual pattern along the northern coasts of Turkey. Based on the results obtained from the IV-ITA, substantial decreasing trends were identified in the basins within the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Conversely, an increasing trend was observed in the basins situated in the northwest. It was also established that an increasing trend was observed throughout Turkey, except for some stations in the low-data group. The most significant increasing trend was noted in the basins along the southern coastline, characterized by the prevalence of the Mediterranean climate. In the high-data group, an increase of up to 50% was noted along the southwest coast. Upon comparing the outcomes derived from the IV-ITA method with those obtained using the MK test, it becomes apparent that the IV-ITA yields significantly more detailed results than the MK test. Additionally, applying the IV-ITA method in climate-sensitive regions and basins is envisioned to enhance the accuracy of assessments, foster a sustainable environment, and improve the effective management of water resources.

Culture- and Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection of Flavobacterium Psychrophilum in Naturally Infected Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum, 1792) from Trout Farms

The present study aimed to detect Flavobacterium psychrophilum in fish samples collected from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum 1792) farms in the Southeastern Anatolia region of Türkiye by means of bacteriological culture and polymerase chain reaction and to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility of the causative bacteria. A total of 40 trout farms located in Diyarbakır, Adıyaman, Şanlıurfa, and Batman provinces were visited, and 1200 samples were examined. During January and February 30 fish with an average live weight of 200–250 g were collected from each farm. Samples were obtained from the liver, spleen, kidneys, and tissues following macroscopic laboratory examination of the specimens. Antibiotic treatment is the treatment of choice owing to the lack of an effective vaccine in the control of the disease. Therefore, it is important to rapidly identify the bacterial species and investigate its susceptibility to antibiotics. In this study, the causative bacteria were detected in 5 out of 40 farms. The causative bacteria infected the liver, kidney, and tissues. The sensitivity of Enrofloxacin (5 microgram (µg)), Florfenicol (30µg), Neomycin (5µg), Amoxicillin (25µg), Oxytetracycline (30µg), Erythromycin (10µg), Gentamycin (5µg), Streptomycin (5µg) and Nalidixic acid (10µg) were defined at chancing ratios. In conclusion, these bacteria were detected in regional farms, which should minimize the stress factors by avoiding overstocking and following the required hygiene rules.

Milk Sharing and Human Milk Banking Among Lactating Women Living in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey: Knowledge, Opinions, and Practices

Milk Sharing and Human Milk Banking Among Lactating Women Living in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey: Knowledge, Opinions, and Practices

The Effects of MBSR Programme on Prenatal Comfort and Fetal Health Anxiety in Pregnant Women

ABSTRACT Objective This study was conducted to examine the effect of the online Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) programme applied to pregnant women on their prenatal comfort and foetal anxiety levels. Material and Method This randomised controlled study was conducted between July and October 2022, with 89 pregnant women registered in a Family Health Centre of Adiyaman, located in the Southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey. In the study, a total of eight sessions of MBSR programme, one session per week for eight weeks, were applied to the pregnant women in the experimental group. Data of the study was collected with the ‘Personal Information Form’, ‘Prenatal Comfort Scale (PCS)’, and ‘Fetal Health Anxiety Inventory (FHAI)’. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and t-test for independent and dependent samples were utilised in the analysis of the data. Results It has been determined that the PCS total mean score after the intervention is 58.91 ± 7.18 in the experimental group and 50.56 ± 15.78 in the control group; the post-test FHAI total mean score is 4.52 ± 1.66 in the experimental group and 9.76 ± 5.00 in the control group, and the difference between the groups is statistically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion It has been determined that the MBSR programme applied to pregnant women has increased the prenatal comfort levels of pregnant women and has decreased foetal health anxieties. In line with these results, it is recommended that the MBSR programme may be used as an alternative method to relieve pregnant women.

Analysis of Spatial Distribution of Climatic Comfort Conditions in Diyarbakır City

Cities have more adverse thermal comfort conditions than the rural and semi-rural areas around them. In this study, it is aimed to examine the spatial distribution of thermal comfort conditions in Diyarbakir, a historical city in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Thermal comfort can be defined as the state of people feeling comfortable or happy in their environment or thermal environment. Uncomfortable conditions lead to social, economic and physical negativities, especially to human health. Thermal comfort conditions were calculated with the Physiological Equivalent Temperature index obtained from the RayMan model using hourly measurement data for the 2015 – 2021 (7 years) period of four meteorological stations in the field. In the study, while 'cold' and 'cool' stresses are experienced in the winter season in Diyarbakır, 'warm', 'hot' and 'very hot' stresses were determined in the 5-month hot period of the year (May-September). In the evaluations, it has been revealed that densely built urban areas in the city center have more unfavorable thermal conditions than the lower density urban areas and rural areas around them. It is a vital necessity to design and plan with a contemporary smart geographical perspective to reduce the negative thermal conditions of cities and for sustainable healthy cities.

Mardin İli Bazı Dağlık Bölgelerinde İnsan Tüketimi Amaçlı Yenilebilir Bitkiler Üzerine Bir Araştırma

This research was carried out to determine the ethnobotanical studies of edible wild plants in some parts of Mardin province, a historical city of Upper Mesopotamia, in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey, between the years 2018-2020. The wild plants consumed as food by the local people living in the villages of Mardin province and their usage patterns were determined. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 80 people and ethnobotanical information forms were prepared. The local and scientific names of the identified plants were included and their usage purposes were determined. As a result of the study, it was determined that 131 plant species were used as edible in folk tradition.

Premenstrual Sendromlu Kadınlarda Hayatın Anlamının ve Amacının İncelenmesi

Women's coping behaviors with premenstrual syndrome symptoms can be affected by various factors. Among these factors, the meaning and purpose of life is an important health factor associated with reducing many negative health outcomes. This study was conducted to examine the life purpose and meaning-making tendencies of women with premenstrual syndrome. The sample of this descriptive-correlational study consisted of 384 participants. The study was conducted in March-September 2021 within a province located in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. The data were collected by using the Descriptive Questionnaire, the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale, and the Meaning and Purpose of Life Scale. The mean Premenstrual Syndrome Scale scores of the participants were determined as 135.02±25.02 and the mean Scale of Meaning and Purpose of Life was 46.77±7.40. The effect of the meaning and purpose of life was found to be effective on decrease of premenstrual syndrome (p&amp;lt;0.001). The total meaning and purpose of life score explained 21.9% of the total variance in the dependent variable of premenstrual syndrome. In order to make the lives of women diagnosed with premenstrual syndrome more meaningful, it is recommended to organize multi-sectoral collaborative programs in which women's health nurses take an active role.

Demographic Analysis, Diagnosis, and Treatment Methods of Maxillofacial Trauma Cases in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey: Retrospective and Comparative Analysis

Demographic Analysis, Diagnosis, and Treatment Methods of Maxillofacial Trauma Cases in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey: Retrospective and Comparative Analysis

"A natural consequence of aging in women?": a mixed-method exploration on osteoporosis self-efficacy in Turkey.

The purpose of this study to determine the osteoporosis-related self-efficacy levels of women with osteoporosis and investigate the relationship between the characteristics of these women and their osteoporosis self-efficacy. The study was conducted in Siirt province in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. A mixed-method approach was selected. Data were collected with 280 surveys and 30 participants' interviews. The mean total OSES score of the participants was 649.82 ± 221.09. Aging, not exercising regularly, inadequate consumption of milk and dairy products, and inadequate exposure to sunlight were significant predictors of low osteoporosis self-efficacy (p < 0.001), explaining 23.4% of the total variance. Knowledge gaps, disease perceptions, facilitators of treatment adherence, and barriers to treatment adherence affected the osteoporosis self-efficacy of the participants. The osteoporosis-related self-efficacy levels of the participants of this study were low. The results suggest that a strategy to organize routine health education programs should be established in order to create a higher perception of osteoporosis self-efficacy in women with osteoporosis and to reduce knowledge gaps and barriers.

Examining pre-service teachers' views on reasoning, developing reasoning and importance of reasoning skills in geometry

The aim of this study is to examine pre-service mathematics teachers' views on reasoning, importance of reasoning in geometry and development of reasoning skills. The study was designed in the phenomenological (phenomenological) design, one of the qualitative research methods. The study group of the study was conducted on 61 pre-service teachers who were studying in the elementary school mathematics teaching program of a university in the Southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey. In the study, a semi-structured interview form, developed by the researcher to collect data, was used to determine the opinions of pre-service teachers on the reasoning, types of reasoning and the importance of reasoning skills in geometry. The data obtained through this form were analyzed by content analysis method. When the research results are examined; It was determined that the pre-service teachers did not have sufficient knowledge about reasoning and the components of reasoning skills. The pre-service teachers stated that reasoning skills are important in geometry. In addition, the pre-service teachers expressed important and valuable views on what can be done to improve reasoning skills. Suggestions are presented depending on the results of the study.

Modeling the Relationship between Preservice Elementary Teachers’ Scientific Habits of Mind, Attitudes towards Socio-scientific Issues and Scientific Literacy

Socio-scientific issues (SSI), including dilemmas and problems in scientific and social terms, are directly related to individuals’ daily lives. Individuals’ interests and attitudes towards SSI also affect their perspective on events in their lives. For this reason, as a member of society, it is essential to research variables that are thought to be related to pre-service elementary teachers’ attitudes towards SSI. Based on this point, the relationship between pre-service elementary teachers’ attitudes towards SSI, their scientific habits of mind (SHOMS) for SSI, and their level of scientific literacy are studied and tried to be modeled. One hundred twenty pre-service elementary teachers studying at a university in the south-eastern Anatolia region of Turkey have participated in this study. The correlation research design from descriptive research methods is used in this study. In this context, three data collection tools are used with the personal data form. Research results have been analyzed by using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling. According to the analysis results, it is determined that pre-service elementary teachers’ SHOMS for SSI affect scientific literacy, and attitudes towards SSI affect interest in scientific knowledge and publications.

Accuracy Assessment of Kriging, artificial neural network, and a hybrid approach integrating spatial and terrain data in estimating and mapping of soil organic carbon.

This study aimed to produce a soil organic carbon (SOC) content map with high accuracy and spatial resolution using the most effective factors in the model. The spatial SOC estimation success of Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), Ordinary Kriging (OK), Empirical Bayesian Kriging (EBK), Multi-Layered Perception Network (MLP) and MLP-OK Hybrid models were compared to obtain the most reliable model in estimating the SOC content. The study area was located in Besni district in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Total of 132 surface (0–30 cm) soil samples were collected from the covers 1330 km2 land and analyzed for SOC, lime, clay and sand content and soil reaction included in the estimation models. Mean annual precipitation and temperature, elevation, compound topographic index, enhanced vegetation and normalized difference vegetation index, were also used as the inputs in the modelling. The spatial distribution of SOC was determined using a MLP and a two-stage ensemble model (MLP-OK) combining the estimation of OK residuals. Soil surveys and covariates were used to train and validate the MLP-OK hybrid model. The MLP-OK model provided a more accurate estimation of SOC content with minimal estimation errors (ME: -0.028, 45 MAE: 0.042, RMSE: 0.066) for validation points compared to the other models. The MLP-OK model outperformed other models by 75.09 to 77.92%. The MLP-OK model estimated the lower and upper limits of the estimated and the measured values in a consistent manner compared to the other models. The spatial distribution map of SOC content obtained by ANN-kriging approach was significantly affected by ancillary variables, and revealed more detail than other interpolation methods in the northern, central, southwestern and southeastern parts of the study area. The results revealed that the assembling of MLP with OK model can contribute to obtain more reliable regional, national and global spatial soil information.

State of prediction of the critical thinking dispositions of primary school teacher candidates through their self-efficacy for STEM practices

The aim of the present study was to identify the state of prediction of the critical thinking dispositions of primary school teacher candidates through their self-efficacy for STEM. The study was designed subject to the correlational survey model with the sample group comprised of 295 primary school teacher candidates continuing their education at the two education faculties of a state university in Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey during the 2020-2021 academic year who were identified in accordance with the proper sampling method. The data were collected via, “Self-Efficacy Scale for STEM Practices” and “Critical Thinking Disposition Scale”. Descriptive analysis was used for determining the self-efficacy for STEM practices and critical thinking dispositions of primary school teacher candidates; correlation analysis was used for illustrating the relationship between self-efficacy for STEM practices and critical thinking disposition along with its sub-dimensions; linear regression analysis was used for identifying the state of prediction for critical thinking disposition and its sub-dimensions through self-efficacy for STEM practices whereas stepwise multiple regression analysis was used for determining the state of prediction for critical thinking disposition through gender and self-efficacy for STEM practices sub-dimensions. Based on the analysis results, the self-efficacy for STEM practices and critical thinking dispositions of teacher candidates are at a good level. There is a positive and statistically significant correlation between self-efficacy for STEM practices and critical thinking disposition and its sub-dimensions. It was illustrated that self-efficacy for STEM practices is a statistically significant predictor of critical thinking disposition and its sub-dimensions and that tenacity-patience was the variable that was predicted the most among these sub-dimensions whilst the stepwise multiple regression analysis set forth that self-efficacy belief was the predictor that made the highest contribution to critical thinking disposition. Various suggestions were made based on the results of the study.

The Effect of Domestic Violence During Pregnancy on Cortisol Hormone Release, Breastfeeding, and Newborn.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of domestic violence during pregnancy on the cortisol hormone release, preterm birth, low birth weight, and breastfeeding status. The cross-sectional study was conducted with 255 pregnant women in a Family Health Centre in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey between October 2017 and August 2018. The questionnaire, DVWDS (Domestic Violence to Women Determination Scale) and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale were used to collect the data. In the present study, the pregnant women were followed up three times. The first follow-up was applied to the pregnant women in the second trimester, the second follow-up was applied to those in the third trimester, and the third follow-up was applied to the postpartum women. At each follow-up from newborn, cortisol hormone level was taken with saliva and evaluated. It was determined that 9.8% of the pregnant women participating in the study were exposed to violence by their partners. An important result was found that those who were exposed to domestic violence during their pregnancy gave birth in the 37th week (p < 0.05). It was seen that the babies of those exposed to domestic violence during pregnancy had a higher mean cortisol hormone level (p < 0.05). It was found that the mean score of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale in the third follow-up was lower for those who were exposed to domestic violence during pregnancy than those who were not (p < 0.05). It was observed during the pregnancy that domestic violence affected cortisol hormone secretion, breastfeeding after birth and newborn health.

KOVİD-19 Pandemisi Sürecinde Kronik Hastalığı Olan Kadınların Kaygı Durumlarının Belirlenmesi

This study was conducted to determine the anxiety status of women with chronic diseases during the coronavirus disease pandemic. This descriptive study was conducted in February-August 2021 within the internal medicine outpatient clinic of a training and research hospital located in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Individual Descriptive Questionnaire and Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory forms were used to collect data. The mean state anxiety score of the participants was 46.40±10.46, and the mean trait anxiety score was 49.56±9.33. The trait anxiety mean scores of the participants who have a good relationship with the family and whose health status was not affected during the pandemic was found to lower statistically significant (p&amp;lt;0.05). The trait anxiety mean scores of the participants who have poor economic status was found to higher statistically significant (p&amp;lt;0.05). It was determined that women with chronic diseases had moderate anxiety and were negatively affected by the pandemic process. In line with this information, it comes to the fore that women with chronic diseases need more psychosocial support due to their increased anxiety and they are a group that should be handled with care. It is recommended that more descriptive studies be carried out on this subject.

Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in University Students: Effects of Dysfunctional Attitudes, Self-Esteem, and Age

Abstract Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the direct and indirect effects of dysfunctional attitudes (perfectionism and dependency) and age on depression, anxiety, and stress and the mediator role of self-esteem in these relationships in undergraduate university students. Methods: This study was designed as a relational study to examine the relationships between dysfunctional attitudes, depression, anxiety, stress, self-esteem, and age using path analysis technique. The participants consisted of 407 undergraduate university students, 287 females and 120 males. The data were collected using the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21), the short form of the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS-17), the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, and Demographic Information Form. Results: The findings showed that perfectionism positively affected the participants’ depression and stress levels; however, direct effect of the perfectionism on anxiety was not significant at the alpha level of .05. Dependency directly and positively affected their stress level; however, it did not have a significant effect on their depression and anxiety levels. Self-esteem and age directly and negatively affected their depression, anxiety, and stress levels. Perfectionism and dependency negatively affected their self-esteem. Finally, dependency positively affected their depression, anxiety, and stress levels through the mediation of self-esteem. Discussion: The findings showed that the students with high self-esteem would stay away from depression, anxiety, and stress. University students, who want to be flawless in all tasks and to be approved by others, have difficulties in making positive judgments about their selves. When the perfectionist and dependent students face difficulties, they may react emotionally, physically or behavioraly, and may feel disappointed, unhappy, guilty or depressed. The students who lose self-esteem, self-confidence, and optimism due to not feeling perfect may be more depressive and stressful. Self-esteem was found to have a full mediator role in the relationship between dependency and both depression and anxiety. The beliefs about the necessity of approval by others for being happy indirectly lead to worries about experiencing bad events in the future and being sad, unhappy, and depressed. These beliefs increase the negative self-judgments and cause losing self-confidence and underestimating the abilities and success. When the university students lose their self-esteem due to being disapproved by others, they may feel guilty, unhappy, depressive, and anxious. Self-esteem had a partial mediator role in the relationship between dependency and stress. Considering that stress is a reaction occurring when an individual feels threatened, it might be thought that the university students, who have beliefs about dependency, feel more threatened. The students who are not approved by others lose their self-esteem, so they may experience more stress. Finally, the increase in age led to a decrease in depression, anxiety, and stress. In addition to the developmental difficulties, the difficulties about university life may cause younger university students to experience more depression, anxiety, and stress. Limitations: The data were collected from the students enrolled in the same university in the South-Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. The gender distribution of the participants was not balanced. The participants of this study were selected using the convenience sampling method. This study was designed quantitatively. Conclusion: The results revealed that low self-esteem and the presence of dysfunctional attitudes were important risk factors in terms of university students’ mental health. In order to prevent depression, anxiety, and stress in university students, the university counseling centers may organize individual or group counseling practices. These counseling practices should aim to support the development of self-esteem. Besides, psycho-educational programs aiming to increase self-esteem should be conducted.