University Hospital Southampton Research Articles

Central retinal artery and Common Carotid artery occlusions following COVID-19 infection: A case report.

To report a case of central retinal artery and common carotid artery occlusions following COVID-19 infection in a young female with no other risk factors. Retrospective analysis of the medical notes of a patient hospitalized with COVID 19 infection at University Hospital Southampton. The patient was found to have dural venous sinus thrombosis and an acute infarct within the right parietal lobe. There was an occlusive thrombus within the right common carotid artery. Subsequently she was found to have a right central artery occlusion secondary to the right common carotid artery occlusion. COVID-19 infection can cause retinal artery occlusion via systemic thrombosis in previously healthy patients.

“YOU THINK YOU'VE GOT THEM ON BOARD AND THEN THEY'RE BACK”: PRIMARY CARE CLINICIANS’ EXPERIENCES OF OFFERING SELF-MANAGEMENT ADVICE TO PEOPLE WITH BACK PAIN

Purpose and background of the studySelf-management and behaviour change is at the core of back pain management. Despite the high-rate of recurrence and healthcare utilisation, clinical guidelines do not include guidance for clinicians on return consultations. This project aimed to identify primary care clinicians’ reported practices and experiences of delivering self-management advice for people returning with persistent low back pain (LBP), to inform future delivery of self-management care.Methods and ResultsIn this qualitative study involving 27 primary care clinicians, four focus groups and two semi-structure interviews were conducted online. GPs (n=5) and physiotherapists working in primary care roles (First contact practitioners n=7, community and interface roles n=7, and mixed roles n=8) in England and Scotland shared their experience of delivering self-management advice to people returning with persistent LBP. Video recordings were transcribed verbatim and analysed with reflexive thematic analysis.Clinicians unanimously shared their frustrations identifying the challenges involved in supporting people who return with LBP. Helpful strategies to support self-management in return consultations were identified by clinicians in addition to service and system-level changes vital to optimise care. Patient-factors affecting delivery of care, lack of defined responsibility and challenges in meeting patients’ expectations illustrated the tensions that exist in return consultations.ConclusionThis novel study provides insight into the experiences and practices of the frontline primary care workforce seeing patients return with persistent or recurrent LBP. It identifies the tensions that exist between services, professional roles and between clinicians and patients regarding self-management. Important practice implications have been identified to improve information-sharing, agenda-setting, and exploring expectations.No conflicts of interest Source of fundingLisa Osborn-Jenkins is funded by University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust (UHS) Research & Development PhD Fellowship [GRT0723]

Real world treatment outcomes in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in a Caucasian population of British ethnicity.

To assess treatment response of Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) in a Caucasian population of British ethnicity with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections alone and with a combination of anti-VEGF injections and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom. Retrospective review of 95 Caucasian patients in a single centre with diagnosis of PCV between 2013 and 2018 were included. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) characteristics, numbers and type of treatment were analysed at baseline and at 1 year. One hundred and one eyes included from 95 patients received either anti-VEGF injections (n = 79, 78.2%) alone or combination therapy with anti-VEGF and PDT (n = 6, 6%). A third untreated group was also observed (n = 16, 15.8%). Five eyes were excluded from the study due to structural retinal damage. Mean number of injections was 7.3 in the monotherapy group and 6.5 in the combination group. Both treatment groups showed improvement in BCVA at 1 year and this was statistically significant in the monotherapy group with a mean gain of 8.3 letters (p < 0.001). Mean CRT decreased in all treatment groups at twelve months and this change was significant (p < 0.01). In the observation group, vision and CRT remained stable. This study demonstrates significant improvements in BCVA at one year in our Caucasian cohort of British ethnicity with PCV in the treatment group.

Understanding the nature and scale of low-intake dehydration on ‘Medicine for Older People’ wards at University Hospital Southampton: A mixed-methods study

Dehydration during hospital stays is a significant concern, particularly affecting older adults(1). The ageing process associated with pathological changes and conditions such as dementia makes older adults especially vulnerable to both chronic and acute dehydration (1,2). Recent studies indicate that conventional signs and symptoms of low-intake dehydration may not consistently indicate its presence in older inpatients, leading to missed or incorrect assessments. It can result in significant morbidity through falls, constipation, delirium, respiratory and urinary tract disorders, and even death (2,3). Diagnosing low-intake dehydration at the early stage is challenging, leading to treatment delays which further compound the negative consequences of dehydration (1,3). There is a need to determine the scope and practice of detecting and managing low-intake dehydration in ‘Medicine for Older People’ (MOP) wards at University Hospital Southampton (UHS). The primary aim of this study was to explore the current practices and challenges in detecting and managing low-intake dehydration in older inpatients within the MOP wards at UHS.Using a sequential, explanatory mixed-method design, a prospective chart review study (phase 1) was conducted at all the MOP wards at UHS over one month. The study included 50 adults aged 65 and above admitted to the medical wards for various reasons and now deemed ‘Medically Optimised for Discharge’ (MOFD). The quantitative aspect involved reviewing the completion of a local hydration assessment tool and the proper documentation of hydration and fluid balance charts for at-risk patients. The qualitative component (phase 2) consisted of semi-structured interviews with 10 participants—four doctors and six nurses with years of experience ranging from 4 to 12 years—to understand the perceptions of hospital staff on hydration care, its barriers and facilitators.The quantitative phase found that all patients were at risk for dehydration and underwent assessment through the hydration risk assessment, with hydration chart reviews during early, late, and night shifts. 20% did not have hydration assessment within 24h of admission and there were some missing reviews during various shifts. Most 24-hour fluid balance sheets were not completed for patients in the red category (start 24-hour fluid balance chart). Qualitative findings revealed that staff had ‘(1) experiential knowledge of hydration understanding the risks of dehydration in older adults’, ‘(2) difficulty in dehydration assessment and diagnosis due to resources’ and ‘(3) challenges related to staff levels and skills’ as well as (4) patient attributes contributing to difficulty in dehydration assessment.The mixed-methods study underscores the importance of addressing low-intake dehydration in older inpatients on MOP wards and highlights gaps in current practices. The findings emphasise the need for improved training, awareness, and standardised protocols to prioritise hydration care among healthcare professionals and provide optimal hydration care for older inpatients.

O04 Delineation of psoriasis from uninvolved skin using an artificial neural network as a means of targeting phototherapy to psoriatic lesions

Abstract Introduction and aims Narrowband ultraviolet B therapy (NB-UVB) is an effective treatment for psoriasis. Currently, NB-UVB is delivered in whole-body cabinets to all of the patient’s skin, thus increasing the risk of normal skin sunburning and the potential risk of skin cancer development. This limits the NB-UVB doses that can be used and requires patients attend sessions three times weekly for up to 10 weeks in order to complete treatment. An artificial intelligence (AI)-mediated, targeted NB-UVB approach would avoid these risks and allow use of higher NB-UVB doses for the areas of the skin affected by psoriasis. We sought to train an artificial neural network on digital images of psoriasis, and subsequently test this trained model in order to assess its accuracy at distinguishing psoriasis from unaffected skin. Methods Overall, 104 digital images of psoriasis from 14 patients with this skin condition, who attended the dermatology department at University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, were used to train a conditional generative adversarial network– ‘pix2pix’. Areas of psoriasis were delineated within the images prior to the images being augmented by randomly cropping, rotating and altering colour intensity, thereby increasing the total number to 23 111 images to train and test the neural network. Results The trained neural network was able to identify psoriasis in unseen digital images with 96.73% accuracy at the pixel level across the dataset. The output of the neural network (i.e. a computer-generated image of psoriasis) acted as a signal source for a digital micromirror device (DMD) that was able to shape visible light and project this light over the original image of psoriasis, while avoiding the uninvolved skin. Conclusions It is possible to differentiate psoriasis from unaffected skin within digital images using an artificial neural network. We demonstrated that AI-mediated targeted phototherapy using a DMD is feasible.

P087 Role of a physiotherapy independent prescriber in a Paediatric Rheumatology setting

Abstract Background/Aims To assess the benefit of having a Physiotherapy Independent Prescriber (PIP) within a Paediatric Rheumatology service at University Hospitals Southampton (UHS). Legislative change in the UK in 2013 enabled physiotherapists to independently prescribe certain drugs that assist in patient management. Independent prescribing by physiotherapists is a relatively contemporary development in role change and purpose. The clients seen by the paediatric rheumatology physiotherapists within our service frequently require medication prescription as part of their review and management. Having the ability to independently prescribe reduces the need for additional medical or nursing input, so improving efficiency and patient experience within the clinic. Methods In our Paediatric Rheumatology service within UHS, our PIP is able to assess and manage the repeat prescriptions for routine follow-up patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA), plus alter medication prescriptions in response to clinical findings. The medications the PIP can change/prescribe include Methotrexate, Oral steroids, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Folic Acid and proton-pump inhibitors. This facilitates a greater number of patients to be seen as they do not require appointments with multiple professionals at routine reviews. A satisfaction questionnaire was completed by patients who accessed this service over a 6-month period. Results Over a six-month period of 25 morning clinics, a total of 23 satisfaction questionnaires were completed by those who had medication prescribed by the PIP. Of these, 100% were satisfied with the service they received and the outcome of the appointment. In particular, highest scores were given for communication by the therapist and having knowledge and understanding of medications prescribed. Conclusion Having a PIP in our Paediatric Rheumatology Clinic is well-received by service users and improved patient-experience by limiting the need for multiple appointments and reducing time spent in clinic. Disclosure E. Bhullar: None.

Assessment of body composition in breast cancer patients: concordance between transverse computed tomography analysis at the fourth thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae.

Specific body composition markers derived from L3 axial computed tomography (CT) images predict clinical cancer outcomes, including chemotherapy toxicity and survival. However, this method is only applicable to those undergoing lumbar (L3) CT scanning, which is not universally conducted in early breast cancer cases. This study aimed to evaluate CT analysis at T4 as a feasible alternative marker of body composition in breast cancer. All patients participated in the Investigating Outcomes from Breast Cancer: Correlating Genetic, Immunological, and Nutritional (BeGIN) Predictors observational cohort study (REC reference number: 14/EE/1297). Staging chest-abdomen-pelvic CT scan images from 24 women diagnosed with early breast cancer at University Hospital Southampton were analysed. Adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and muscle attenuation were measured from the transverse CT slices' cross-sectional area (CSA) at T4 and L3. Adipose tissue and skeletal muscle area measurements were adjusted for height. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient analysis was used to determine concordance between body composition measurements using CT analysis at L3 and T4 regions. Derived estimates for total adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and intramuscular adipose tissue mass following adjustment for height were highly concordant when determined from CSAs of CT slices at T4 and L3 (Rs = 0.821, p < 0.001; Rs = 0.816, p < 0.001; and Rs = 0.830, p < 0.001). In this cohort, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and skeletal muscle estimates following height adjustment were less concordant when measured by CT at T4 and L3 (Rs = 0.477, p = 0.039 and Rs = 0.578, p = 0.003). The assessment of muscle attenuation was also highly concordant when measured by CT at T4 and L3 (Rs = 0.840, p < 0.001). These results suggest that the CT analysis at T4 and L3 provides highly concordant markers for total adipose, subcutaneous adipose, and intramuscular adipose estimation, but not VAT, in this breast cancer population. High concordance between T4 and L3 was also found when assessing skeletal muscle attenuation. Lower concordance was observed for the estimates of skeletal muscle area, potentially explained by differences in the quantity and proportions of axial and appendicular muscle between the thorax and abdomen. Future studies will determine the value of T4 metrics as predictive tools for clinical outcomes in breast cancer.

Clearing the air: Assessing healthcare professionals' awareness of air pollution's health consequences

Air pollution (AP) significantly jeopardises health, with the Royal College of Physicians accepting the adverse effects of AP are not being sufficiently communicated to patients by healthcare professionals (HCP). To explore HCPs' understanding and attitudes toward AP and its health impacts, we conducted a service evaluation survey in a group of hospital doctors.A questionnaire comprising 20 questions about AP and its health associations was completed by 133 hospital doctors working at University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK.While 65% (n = 86) of respondents strongly agreed that AP is relevant to health, 79% (n = 105) felt insufficiently trained on AP and its health associations.The survey shows that HCPs' knowledge of AP and its connection to poor health is a major barrier in discussions with patients. Further research is needed to understand whether these views are nationally shared among HCPs and to explore the most effective strategies for enhancing AP awareness.

1880 Improving physical activity in hospitalised older people: The Saints Foundation - University Hospital Southampton Partnership

Abstract Introduction Deconditioning in the acute setting is associated with adverse outcomes, that cannot always be mitigated by increasingly stretched MDT workforce. We partnered with the Saints Foundation (SF), to test the feasibility and acceptability of a non-clinical Exercise Practitioner (EP) to work alongside therapies to promote physical activity (PA) of hospitalised older people. Methods Charity funded joint appointment of an NVQ3 EP with Postural stability Instructor (PSI) qualifications delivered quality education and rehabilitation programmes to hospitalised older patients. These took place in both one to one and gym-based group settings whilst working with the SF team to improve access to community-based exercise programmes. Results Between Sept 2022 and May 2023, the EP assessed 169 patients, mean age 86 yrs; male (62%), admitted after a fall. 105 patients (62%) underwent one to one rehabilitation consisting of falls education and individual exercise plans, 64 patients (38%) underwent gym-based rehabilitation, where strengthening and balance exercises were conducted in groups to improve overall function and increase confidence in functional ability. No adverse safety incidents were reported and a high level of satisfaction after interaction with the EP was conveyed. Initial focus was on patient feedback and satisfaction to ensure input o+- f an EP was well received and accepted. Conclusion Intervention by a non-clinical EP to improve the PA of hospitalised older people is acceptable, feasible, appears to be safe and is associated with increased patient satisfaction. By capitalising on SF expertise, we provided a clinical standard on exercise for older adults and built a strong relationship between our workforce to bridge community and acute services. Next steps are to increase the scope of interventions, evaluate quality of life pre and post hospitalisation, capture trust level metrics including length of stay, readmission rates and discharge destination to further evaluate the impact on service users.

Organisation and delivery of a dedicated multidisciplinary prone ventilation team in the intensive care unit: Strategies and lessons from COVID-19.

COVID-19 placed immense strain on healthcare systems, necessitating innovative responses to the surge of critically ill patients, particularly those requiring mechanical ventilation. In this report, we detail the establishment of a dedicated critical care prone positioning team at University Hospital Southampton in response to escalating demand for prone positioning during the initial wave of the pandemic. The formation of a prone positioning team involved meticulous planning and collaboration across disciplines to ensure safe and efficient manoeuvrers. A comprehensive training strategy, aligned with national guidelines, was implemented for approximately 550 staff members from a diverse background. We surveyed team members to gain insight to the lived experience. A total of 78 full-time team members were recruited and successfully executed over 1200 manoeuvres over an eight-week period. Our survey suggests the majority felt valued and expressed pride and willingness to participate again should the need arise. The rapid establishment and deployment of a dedicated prone positioning team may have contributed to both patient care and staff well-being. We provide insight and lessons that may be of value for future respiratory pandemics. Future work should explore objective clinical outcomes and long-term sustainability of such services.

A high-throughput 3D X-ray histology facility for biomedical research and preclinical applications

Background The University of Southampton, in collaboration with the University Hospital Southampton (UHS) NHS Foundation Trust and industrial partners, has been at the forefront of developing three-dimensional (3D) imaging workflows using X-ray microfocus computed tomography (μCT) -based technology. This article presents the outcomes of these endeavours and highlights the distinctive characteristics of a μCT facility tailored explicitly for 3D X-ray Histology, with a primary focus on applications in biomedical research and preclinical and clinical studies. Methods The UHS houses a unique 3D X-ray Histology (XRH) facility, offering a range of services to national and international clients. The facility employs specialised μCT equipment explicitly designed for histology applications, allowing whole-block XRH imaging of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue specimens. It also enables correlative imaging by combining μCT imaging with other microscopy techniques, such as immunohistochemistry (IHC) and serial block-face scanning electron microscopy, as well as data visualisation, image quantification, and bespoke analysis. Results Over the past seven years, the XRH facility has successfully completed over 120 projects in collaboration with researchers from 60 affiliations, resulting in numerous published manuscripts and conference proceedings. The facility has streamlined the μCT imaging process, improving productivity and enabling efficient acquisition of 3D datasets. Discussion &amp; Conclusions The 3D X-ray Histology (XRH) facility at UHS is a pioneering platform in the field of histology and biomedical imaging. To the best of our knowledge, it stands out as the world's first dedicated XRH facility, encompassing every aspect of the imaging process, from user support to data generation, analysis, training, archiving, and metadata generation. This article serves as a comprehensive guide for establishing similar XRH facilities, covering key aspects of facility setup and operation. Researchers and institutions interested in developing state-of-the-art histology and imaging facilities can utilise this resource to explore new frontiers in their research and discoveries.

THREE FRACTION STEREOTACTIC RADIOTHERAPY (SRT) FOR VESTIBULAR SCHWANOMMA: THE WESSEX EXPERIENCE

Abstract AIMS Retrospective review of SRT for vestibular schwannoma. University Hospital Southampton treat tumour vol umes max 2.5cm in diameter without brainstem compression with 21Gy/3#. This reviews the experience of local control and toxicity profile in our centre and the impact of limiting dmax. METHOD Retrospective analysis of patients treated for radiologically diagnosed vestibular schwannoma from 2019 to present. Patient notes, audiograms, imaging and radiotherapy planning system were reviewed for data collection. No patients were removed from analysis due to missing data. RESULTS 36 patients have been treated with three fraction SRT. Median age 68 (47-83). PTV volume from 1.03cm3 to 5.52cm3 (median 2.37cm3). All patients have radiologically stable disease to date, with 14 patients (38.9%) having objective tumour response on imaging. 9 patients had serviceable hearing at baseline and 1 remained serviceable at follow up. 7 (19.4%) patients experienced treatment-related toxicity. 6 patients reported facial nerve toxicity in which 4 (66.7%) this was self-limiting with full recovery. 2 patients had persistent facial nerve symptoms (House-Brackmann score 2, and 3 respectively). Those with dmax &amp;lt;26Gy (n=15) experienced this less with only 1 patient experiencing facial nerve toxicity (House-Brackmann score 2). CONCLUSIONS Three fraction SRT provides excellent local control with high levels of objective radiological response in tumours up to 4cm3, however, long term follow-up is required. This treatment has acceptable toxicity with most symptoms resolving spontaneously. Permanent facial nerve toxicity was seen in 2 (5.6%) of patients. By limiting dmax to &amp;lt;26Gy the rate of facial nerve toxicity is reduced significantly.

P11.35.B STEREOTACTIC RADIOTHERAPY FOR VESTIBULAR SCHWANOMMAS: THE WESSEX EXPERIENCE

Abstract BACKGROUND Review of SRT for vestibular schwannoma (VS) within Wessex region led by University Hospital Southampton (UHS). UHS treat tumour volumes max 2.5cm in diameter without brainstem compression with 21Gy/3#. We reviewed the experience of local control and toxicity profile in our centre comparing with 1 and 5 fraction SRT schedules. We present three fraction SRT as an appropriate fractionation schedule. MATERIAL AND METHODS This is a retrospective analysis of patients treated for radiologically diagnosed vestibular schwannoma from 2019 to present. Patient notes, audiograms, imaging and radiotherapy planning system were reviewed for data collection. No patients were removed from analysis due to missing data. RESULTS 84 patients have been treated with SRT for VS. Median age 66 (39-94). 12Gy/1# (1#) in 36 patients, 21Gy/3# (3#) in 36 patients, 25Gy/5# (5#) in 12 patients. In the 1# group PTV volume 0.31cm3-4.44cm3 (median 1.12cm3), in the 3# group PTV volume from 1.03cm3 to 5.52cm3 (median 2.37cm3), in the 5# group 2.05cm3-5.44cm3 (median 4.12cm3). All patients have radiologically stable disease to date. Objective radiological response noted in 14 patients (38.9%) in 3# group this is higher than any other group and statistically significant (p=0.016). Pre-treatment serviceable hearing only in a minority of patients. Treatment related toxicity was seen in 27% in the 1# group, 19% of patients within the 3# group, and 33% in the 5# group. This was mostly mild and self-limiting. Facial nerve toxicity was seen in 8.3% of the 1# group, 16.7% of 3# group, and 33.3% of the 5# group. However, this was only persistent in 2 patients in 1# group (5.6%), 2 patients in the 3# group (5.6%), and 1 (8.3%) in the 5# group. There is no statistical difference in toxicity between any group using Chi squared test. In 3# group, when Dmax limited to &amp;lt;26Gy (n=15), the frequency of facial nerve toxicity reduces to 1 (2.78%). CONCLUSION Three fraction SRT provides excellent local control with high levels of objective radiological response in tumours up to 4cm3, however, long term follow-up is required. This treatment has acceptable toxicity which is not significantly different from alternative fractionation schedules and is improved by limiting Dmax to &amp;lt;26Gy.

A high-throughput 3D X-ray histology facility for biomedical research and preclinical applications.

The University of Southampton, in collaboration with the University Hospital Southampton (UHS) NHS Foundation Trust and industrial partners, has been at the forefront of developing three-dimensional (3D) imaging workflows using X-ray microfocus computed tomography (μCT) -based technology. This article presents the outcomes of these endeavours and highlights the distinctive characteristics of a μCT facility tailored explicitly for 3D X-ray Histology, with a primary focus on applications in biomedical research and preclinical and clinical studies. The UHS houses a unique 3D X-ray Histology (XRH) facility, offering a range of services to national and international clients. The facility employs specialised μCT equipment explicitly designed for histology applications, allowing whole-block XRH imaging of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue specimens. It also enables correlative imaging by combining μCT imaging with other microscopy techniques, such as immunohistochemistry (IHC) and serial block-face scanning electron microscopy, as well as data visualisation, image quantification, and bespoke analysis. Over the past seven years, the XRH facility has successfully completed over 120 projects in collaboration with researchers from 60 affiliations, resulting in numerous published manuscripts and conference proceedings. The facility has streamlined the μCT imaging process, improving productivity and enabling efficient acquisition of 3D datasets. The 3D X-ray Histology (XRH) facility at UHS is a pioneering platform in the field of histology and biomedical imaging. To the best of our knowledge, it stands out as the world's first dedicated XRH facility, encompassing every aspect of the imaging process, from user support to data generation, analysis, training, archiving, and metadata generation. This article serves as a comprehensive guide for establishing similar XRH facilities, covering key aspects of facility setup and operation. Researchers and institutions interested in developing state-of-the-art histology and imaging facilities can utilise this resource to explore new frontiers in their research and discoveries.

Arthroscopic Meniscal Repair: University Hospital Southampton Experience.

Introduction The meniscus plays an integral role in the proper functioning of the knee joint. Located between the articular surfaces of the tibia and femur, the meniscus functions to provide stability to the knee joint, even out axial load, absorb shock, and provide some lubrication to the knee joint. Accordingly, treatment of meniscal injuries aims to preserve as much meniscal tissue as possibleto avoid the myriad complications that arise from its removal. This study of the all-inside technique for meniscal repair evaluates the University Hospital Southampton experience by comparing our outcomes with the available literature. Patients and methods This is a retrospective study from January 2016 to December 2020. Records of patients were obtained through the preoperative assessment clinics network and electronic notes. The endpoints of the study were defined as patients who either were discharged, experienced failure of repair, i.e., symptomatic or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes, or were offered re-surgery. Results Eighty-one patients, comprising 51 males and 30 females, were included in the study, and 85 repairs were performed. A steady increase in the number of procedures was observed year on year until the outbreak of COVID-19. The mean age of patients was 24.7 years, with a range of 39 years. The medial meniscus was found to be injured more often than the lateral meniscus. The most commonly observed injury pattern was the bucket handle (BH) type. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury was found to be associated with meniscal injuries in around half of patients. The reason for this occurrence can be attributed to the ligamentous connection between the medial meniscus and the anterior cruciate ligament in the phenomenon described in the "unhappy triad." On average, three FasT-Fix sutures were required per procedure. Discussion and conclusion After a follow-up of 11 months, 11 (13.6%)treated patients were noted to have failed repair, as defined by the endpoint criteria. Age and acuity were noted to not affect outcomes, and the results suggest that males are at higher risk of failed repair than females (p<0.05).

The Significance and Burden of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: Interviews with Two Leading Experts

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the family Herpesviridae. This virus can remain dormant in the body over a long period after initial infection. Transmission of CMV occurs through direct contact with bodily fluids, such as saliva, urine, blood, semen, and breast milk, from individuals who are actively shedding the virus in these bodily fluids. CMV is extremely common and is found throughout all geographical locations and socioeconomic groups. Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection is the most common congenital infection globally and has potentially severe consequences for infants; however, there is little awareness of cCMV infection among pregnant females, families, and healthcare professionals (HCP). For this article, EMJ conducted interviews in March 2023 with two leading experts: Christine E. Jones from the University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK; and Megan Pesch from the C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA, and the National CMV Foundation, Tampa, Florida, USA, both of whom have a wealth of experience and expertise in the management of cCMV. The experts gave valuable insights into topics such as the impact of cCMV infection on infants and their families and on public health; and screening, diagnosis, and treatment of cCMV infection. The experts also explored the potential complications of cCMV, particularly sensorineural hearing loss, the importance of prevention of maternal infection, and strategies to raise awareness of cCMV infection among HCPs and the public. In addition, Pesch provided a patient advocate perspective on the consequences of cCMV infection, sharing their experience of how cCMV has impacted their child, themself, and their family.

Elective Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Surgery: A Tertiary Center Experience.

Background A thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a diseased expansion of the thoracic aorta. There is morbidity associated with a dilated aorta, as well as significant mortality. Open thoracic surgery is the fundamental management for proximal lesions, offering definitive treatment with excellent results. This study aimed to summarize preoperative data and operative outcomes of patients who underwent TAA repair at our institution. Methods Data were retrospectively collected from 234 patients that underwent elective open thoracic surgery at University Hospital Southampton for TAA disease, between 2015 and 2019. Demographics, clinical factors, surgical details, as well as outcome measures, were gathered. Results There were 166 males and 68 females, with an overall mean age of 66 years. The breakdown of operations comprised 105 aortic roots, 171 ascending aorta, 20 aortic arch, and 12 descending aorta cases. The mean follow-up was 370 days. 30-day mortality was 5.13%. Mortality was associated with female gender, aortic root surgery, and prosthetic valves. Mean aortic diameters at the time of surgery for the non-genetic aortopathy and genetic aortopathy groups were respectively 4.93cm and 4.63cm in the aortic root, 5.56cm and 4.88cm in the ascending aorta, 5.08cm and 3.87cm in the aortic arch, and 6.63cm and 5.50cm in the descending aorta. Conclusion Several factors are associated with complications and morbidity, which should be considered when discussing the risks of intervention with patients. There were no neuroprotective strategies that altered post-operative neurological function. Current practice in our unit fits in with current international guidance.

Ldquo]Adrenal Giants[rdquo] Review of adrenal masses ≥ 10 cm detected and treated during a 10- year period at the University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)

Adrenal Haemorrhages: A review of cases presenting to University Hospital Southampton over six-year period

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)

Editorial: Lipids to support physiology and function: both quantity and quality are important

aSchool of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine bNIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK cFatty Acid Research Institute dDepartment of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA Correspondence to Philip C. Calder, School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, IDS Building, MP887 Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK. E-mail: [email protected]