Southwestern Rajasthan Research Articles

Management of cumin blight by novel fungicides: A menacing disease of south-western Rajasthan

A study was carried out during winter (rabi) seasons of 2019–20 and 2020–21 at Agricultural Research Sub-station (Agriculture University, Jodhpur), Sumerpur, Pali, Rajasthan to find out the best novel fungicide for management of cumin blight. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design (RBD) comprised of 10 treatments i.e. Four fungicides, combination of Pyraclostrobin 133 g/litre + Epoxiconazole 50 g/litre (500 and 750 ml/ha), Tebuconazole 25% wg (500 and 750 g/ha), Azoxystrobin 23% sc (500 and 750 ml/ha) and Thiophanate-methyl 70% wp (750 and 1000 g/ha) in two different concentrations and one check (Mancozeb 75% wp @1000 g/ha) and one un-treated control, replicated thrice. The susceptible variety GC-4 (Gujarat cumin-4) of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) was used for the experiment. The in vivo study recorded variable sensitivity of different fungi-toxicants against cumin blight pathogen. Among the different fungi-toxicants, Tebuconazole 25% wg @750 g/ha, was found highly efficacious by observing lowest per cent disease intensity (8.89% and 12.11%) at 15 days after first foliar spray and 15 days after second foliar spray respectively and maximum yield (645 kg/ha). The combination of Pyraclostrobin 133 g/litre + Epoxiconazole 50 g/litre @750 ml/ha and Tebuconazole 25% wg @500 g/ha also found effective in controlling the cumin blight. While Azoxystrobin 23% sc @500 and 750 g/ha, Thiophanate-methyl 70% wp @750 and 1000 g/ha and Mancozeb 75% wp @1000 g/ha were found least effective.

Red-Wattled Lapwing (Vanellus indicus): A Traditional Rain Forecaster for Tribal Farmers of Southwestern Rajasthan

Abstract An intensive survey was carried out over the past 8 years in tribal-dominated areas of southwestern Rajasthan to document red-wattled lapwing (Vanellus indicus) behavior as a rain forecaster, relevant to farm planning and better crop production. The present study included tribal farmers, agriculture scientists, extension workers, ornithologists, and farm workers. The precision of their observations was compared with a contemporaneous study of 10–15 red-wattled lapwing nests across the 46-ha operational area of the Agricultural Research Sub-Station (ARSS) and Adaptive Trial Center (ATC), Sumerpur, Pali, Rajasthan (25.1526°N latitude, 73.0823°E longitude). Local knowledge was gathered through surveys and focus group discussions with the respondents to discuss lapwing behavior as a rain prediction indicator. Meteorological data were gathered from the ATC farm observatory. The findings revealed that the older tribal farmers have an assortment of knowledge about the behavior of red-wattled lapwing as rain prediction indicators such as nesting sites, egg position, egg arrangement, nesting material, numbers of eggs, and egg-laying patterns. These predictions have a direct correlation with modern meteorological observations. It was also noted that the elder tribal farmers planned their farms using lapwing indicators in order to increase crop production, whereas younger generations overlook the traditional rain prediction indicators and have significant knowledge about meteorological data-based weather forecasting. Both the elder and younger tribal farmers were equally interested in meteorological weather forecast announcements, but due to network connectivity challenges, residents in some remote places were unable to access modern meteorological information. Long-term accurate rain forecasting is needed for better agricultural planning and to secure crop production. Rain forecasting can be improved by blending modern meteorological information with traditional proven indications. Farmers who have considerable traditional knowledge along with modern technological updates are capable of using both sources of information in suitable and successful farm planning for better crop production. Significance Statement The purpose of this study is to examine red-wattled lapwing behavior as rain measurements and compare its reliability with modern rain forecasting methods. We also develop a theoretical framework for understanding traditional and modern rain forecasting methods for disaster management in remote and accessible areas, to assist resource management and to minimize costs of cultivation. Our results provide a guideline for blending both types of knowledge and for providing relevant information to remote tribal areas at appropriate times for better farm planning and crop production.

Management of sesame phyllody: Adestructive disease of South-western Rajasthan

Management of sesame phyllody: Adestructive disease of South-western Rajasthan

Influence of soil applied zinc on productivity of soybean (Glycine max) in south-western Rajasthan

A field experiment was conducted to study the influence of soil applied zinc on productivity, nutrient uptake and profitability of soybean (Glycine max L.) under Typic Haplustepts soil of sub-humid southern plain and aravalli hills region of Rajasthan during kharif 2016 and 2017. The treatments were consisted of five levels of zinc, viz. zero (control), 3 kg Zn/ha, 4 kg Zn/ha, 5 kg Zn/ha and 6 kg Zn/ha with four replications. Results revealed that significantly (P=0.05) maximum number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, test weight, seed yield, haulm yield, biological yield, nutrient content and uptake (N, K and Zn) in seed and haulm, net return and B:C ratio were recorded with the application of zinc @ 6 kg/ha along with the recommended dose of fertilizer (NPK) during 2016-17 and in pooled basis. However, the increase was significant up to 5 kg Zn/ha during both the years as well as in pooled analysis which was found statistically at par with 6 kg Zn/ha. Whereas, the application of zinc significantly decreased the phosphorus content in seed and haulm as compared to control and phosphorus uptake by seed and haulm was found to be non-significant with the application of zinc during both the years as well as in pooled analysis. The application of recommended dose of fertilizer along with combined application of Zn @ 5 kg/ha offered the best combination in realizing maximum yield of soybean and maximizing the economics both in absolute terms (net returns) and benefit-cost ratio.

Impact of Quality of Nursing Work Life on Turn over Intention among Staff Nurses Working in Selected Private Hospital of South-Western Rajasthan

Quality of work life (QWL) refers to an employee's satisfaction with working life. A high QWL is critical for healthcare organisations to attract and retain qualified, committed and motivated employees. The QWL and nurse turnover are challenging issues for health care organisation because of the consequences and impact on patient care. Low satisfaction of nurses with their quality of working life results in a high intention to leave. The objectives were to assess the level of quality of nursing work life (QNWL), to identify the turn over intention among staff nurses, to find out the association between QNWL, turn over intention and selected work-related characteristics and to determine the correlation between QNWL and turn over intention to leave the job among staff nurses. The research approach used was quantitative and the research design was non-experimental, correlational design. The data were collected from 100 staff nurses selected from private hospitals of South-Western Rajasthan using non-probability purposive sampling technique. The data were collected with the help of Brooks and Anderson's QNWL scale and Anticipated Turnover Scale. The highest percentage (58%) of staff nurses had moderate QNWL, 42% have high QNWL and none of the staff nurse had low QNWL. Majority (60%) of the staff nurses had the intent to leave. There was a significant association between current nursing position and QWNL (P < 0.05). Findings revealed that there was significant association between nursing position, type of unit and intention to leave and there was high significant association between salary, nature of job and intention to leave the job (P < 0.05). There was weak significant positive correlation (r = 0.33) between level of QNWL and level of intention to leave. Work-related characteristics can influence QNWL and intention to leave.

Traumatic posterior fossa extradural hematoma

Background. Extradural hematoma of posterior fossa (PFEDH) is less common and there are not many articles about PFEDH. These patients can deteriorate very rapidly due to compression over brainstem. Thus, early identification and immediate intervention can save the lives of these patients.Objective. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of patients with PFEDH and evaluate the postoperative outcome which may be of help to make further preventive strategies.Methods and Materials. The study included 16 patients admitted with traumatic PFEDH from July 2016 to July 2018 at R.N.T. Medical College & M.B. Groups of Hospital Udaipur, southwestern Rajasthan, India. We have retrospectively reviewed the data. Analysed factors were gender, age, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Noncontrast CT scan findings, associated brain injury, type of intervention, Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). GOS was assessed at discharge, at 3 months and 6 months follow-up.Results. Out of a total of 16 patients, 11 were male and 5 were female with age ranging from 05-46 years. 12 patients had GCS 13 -15 at admission and only one of them had GCS < 8. 15 patients underwent surgical intervention. At 6 months follow-up, 12 patients had good recovery GOS is 5.Conclusion. Early detection and immediate evacuation of PFEDHs should be done if causing fourth ventricle, basal cistern or brain stem compression. It may be rapidly fatal due to the expansion of hematoma leading to brainstem compression, tonsillar herniation, and/or obstructive hydrocephalus. Early detection and immediate evacuation lead to a better outcome in these patients.

Factors Influencing Institutional-Based Pediatric Rehabilitation Services among Caregivers of Children with Developmental Delay in Southwestern Rajasthan.

Context:A limited number of caregivers of children with developmental delay access rehabilitation facilities in India. The study explored utilization of rehabilitation services at a tertiary care setup in southwestern Rajasthan and various factors influencing it.Aims:The aim of this study is to explore rehabilitation service utilization among children with developmental delay at a tertiary care setup and to ascertain factors that influence this pattern.Settings:This study was conducted at the department of physical medicine and rehabilitation at tertiary care setup.Design:This was an observational study.Subjects and Methods:Children with developmental delay who were advised institutional-based rehabilitation were identified over span of 1 year. Those who failed to return for rehabilitation after the first visit were interviewed telephonically. The interview had semi-structured open-ended questions about their reasons for inability to avail services.Statistical Analysis:SPSS statistics 22 was used for descriptive analysis and correlation of variables.Results:Of 230 children with developmental delay visiting department in 1-year duration, 48 took regular rehabilitation. Parents of 129 children with complete records were asked regarding discontinuation. Factors cited by majority were long distance from institute and service at hospital. Other reasons for discontinuation were related to belief system, family issues, time issues, socioeconomic factors, etc. Socioeconomic status was significantly associated with parental education (C = 0.488, P = 0.000) and financial issues. Location of family had significant association with long distance (C = 0.315, P = 0.000), parental education (C = 0.251, P = 0.003), and belief system (C = 0.265, P = 0.002).Conclusions:Distance from institute and quality of hospital service determined rehabilitation service use at a tertiary institute. Other factors such as socioeconomic status, family support, and social belief system must also be addressed while delivering institutional rehabilitation to children.

Morphological characterization of weevils and blister beetle infesting kharif pulses in South-western Rajasthan of India

Morphological characterization of weevils and blister beetle infesting <i>kharif</i> pulses in South-western Rajasthan of India

Diversity and seasonal incidence of insect pest complex of tropical tuber crops in South-Western Rajasthan

Diversity and seasonal incidence of insect pest complex of tropical tuber crops in South-Western Rajasthan

Spatio-temporal variation in terminal drought over western India using dryness index derived from long-term MODIS data

Drought has always been one of the major hazards in semi-arid and arid regions of the world. This study was undertaken to investigate spatial trends in terminal drought over western India composed of the states of Rajasthan and Gujarat, which are characterized by semi-arid to arid climate. These two states have always been vulnerable to drought since they receive highly variable moderate to scanty rainfall. Leaf area index (LAI)-based temperature vegetation dryness index (TVDI) for the period 2002–2012 was computed using 8-day composites of Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperature (LST) and LAI datasets with 1-km spatial resolution. TVDI maps were prepared for all days of the year (DOY) for the months of September and October, which facilitated our understanding of the spatial extent of drought during different 8-day periods. Based on the analysis, it was found that the LAI-based TVDI could capture drought conditions over space and time. Temporal evolution of the observed crop moisture index (CMI) against TVDI reveals that the TVDI exhibited an increasing trend as the CMI decreased or became negative during the 2002 drought year. A significant and negative relationship (R2=0.23) with TVDI and CMI indicates more sensitivity of TVDI to soil moisture in sparse vegetation canopies under drought conditions. Spatial trends in terminal drought intensity were analyzed using linear regression and Mann–Kendall trend test. It was revealed that a majority of the northern part of the study area witnessed an increase in terminal drought intensity and the southern portion registered negative trends. With 80% confidence, it can be stated that the terminal drought intensity increased at scattered locations over southwestern and central Gujarat. However, over central and southwestern Rajasthan, decreasing trends were registered.

Identify Conflict Resolution Styles used by Nursing Professionals working in Clinical and Academic settings of selected Hospitals and Nursing Colleges of Southwestern Rajasthan

Identify Conflict Resolution Styles used by Nursing Professionals working in Clinical and Academic settings of selected Hospitals and Nursing Colleges of Southwestern Rajasthan

Deformation and granite intrusion in the Sirohi area, SW Rajasthan—Constraints on Cryogenian to Pan-African crustal dynamics of NW India

This study provides further evidence for a Cryogenian (∼770–760Ma) deformation event in NW India, a region generally regarded tectonically stable during the Rodinia to Gondwana transition. This deformation is prominent in the Sirohi region (southwestern Rajasthan State), previously referred to as the ‘Sirohi Orogeny’, younger to and independent of the ∼1Ga to 820Ma Delhi Orogeny. Synkinematic intrusion of the Balda Granite during the NW-directed thrusting and folding of sediments of the Neoproterozoic Sirohi Group is constrained by combined field, microstructural and magnetic fabric analyses. Thrusting (D1) occurred under medium grade deformation conditions along mylonitic to ultramylonitic shear zones featuring quartz and feldspar recrystallization. Steepening of thrust planes and transition from dip-slip kinematics to oblique and dextral strike-slip in high strain areas indicate transpressive kinematics during the late-stage of D1 deformation. A second deformation event (D2) is documented in strain concentration along a conjugate set (N–S & E–W) of shear zones wherein dilation along the N–S trending structures provided space for voluminous synkinematic quartz mineralization. This linear structure, traceable for ∼10km and named ‘Balda-Paladi Shear Zone’, has overprinted the NE–SW trending magmatic fabrics in the Balda Granite by N–S oriented shearing. Brittle behavior of feldspar constrains this overprint as a low temperature deformation event that also represents the terminal Cryogenian imprint in the Sirohi sector. The findings of this study indicate that an early Cryogenian imprint, seen in three different tectonomagmatic zones, from E to W referred to as South Delhi high-grade metamorphic terrane, Sirohi anatectic terrane and Sirohi fold and thrust terrane, is coeval with the initial closure of the Mozambique Ocean as constrained for central and northern Madagascar. A continuation of early Cryogenian mobile belts extending from southern India, crossing Madagascar into NW India is proposed. Related structures could have served as pathways for heat convection and triggered local late Pan-African thermal resetting in NW India.

Biology and morphomatric variation within local species of Kharif grasshopper, Hieroglyphus nigrorepletus Bolivar in South-western Rajasthan

Biology and morphomatric variation within local species of Kharif grasshopper, Hieroglyphus nigrorepletus Bolivar in South-western Rajasthan

A key and systematic account of the short horned grasshopper (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae) in south western Rajasthan

A key and systematic account of the short horned grasshopper (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae) in south western Rajasthan

Survey, Distribution Patterns and Abundance of Pyrgomorphid Fauna (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae) in Agro-ecosystems of South Western Rajasthan

Survey, Distribution Patterns and Abundance of Pyrgomorphid Fauna (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae) in Agro-ecosystems of South Western Rajasthan

Species Richness, Density and Diversity Indices (Simpson and Shannon Weiner) of Grasshoppers Fauna (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae) in Maize-Wheat Cropping System of South-Western Rajasthan (India)

Species Richness, Density and Diversity Indices (Simpson and Shannon Weiner) of Grasshoppers Fauna (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae) in Maize-Wheat Cropping System of South-Western Rajasthan (India)

Geochemical characteristics, discrimination and petrogenesis of Neoproterozoic peralkaline granites, Barmer District, SW Rajasthan, India

The Malani Igneous Suite is characterized by discontinuous, ring-shaped outcrops of peralkaline granite associated with minor exposures of volcanic rocks around Barmer town in southwestern Rajasthan, India. These granites are defined as peralkaline, within plate, and A-type based on their bulk rock compositions. The most distinctive geochemical characteristics of these A-type granites are enrichments in Na2O + K2O, Fe/Mg, Zr, Nb, Y, depletions in Al2O3, CaO, Sr, and low-absolute abundances of incompatible trace elements compared to granites from adjoining areas. The igneous activity is considered as a reflection of the ‘Pan-African Event’. The correlative mineralogy, chemical characteristics, and tectonic setting of the peralkaline granites from the study area, and comparison with data from adjoining areas, suggest their generation under a common thermal event.

New records of Short-nosed Fruit Bat Cynopterus sphinx (Vahl, 1797) from Thar Desert, Rajasthan

© Zoo Outreach Organisation; www.zoosprint.org Manuscript 1428; Received 03 September 2005; Revised received 14 July 2006; Finally accepted 20 August 2006; Date of publication 21 September 2006 The Short-nosed Fruit Bat Cynopterus sphinx is distributed widely in the Indian subcontinent and in south-east Asia. Within India it occurs commonly and is widespread (Bates & Harrison, 1997; Molur et al., 2002). Although it has been reported from southern and southwestern Rajasthan (Sinha, 1980; Advani, 1982; Molur et al., 2002; Dookia, 2004), we could find no previous reference to its presence in the parts of northwestern Rajasthan. Recently, we recorded this species for the first time in Thar desert of Jaisalmer and Jodhpur districts of Rajasthan (Fig. 1).

Geology and Geochemistry of Granites Around Jaswantpura, Jalore District, Southwestern Rajasthan, India

The Neoproterozoic granite plutons around Jaswantpura, western India, form a large complex of granitic rocks and, at least, four distinct granite types, based on cross-cutting relationships, have been found: coarse- to medium-grained biotite granites; medium- to fine-grained two- mica granites; coarse- to medium-grained porphyritic hornblende granites and fine-grained biotite granites with accessory hornblende. Younger acidic and basic dykes cut these granites. The Jaswantpura granites show a narrow range of variation in terms of their chemistry. The hornblende granites are hypersolvus with mild peralkaline character as reflected by the enrichment in incompatible trace elements including Zr, Nb, La and REE but are characterized by relatively low Sr and Al 2O 3. The biotite granites are subsolvus, mildly to moderately peraluminous and are characterized by relatively high SiO 2, Al 2O 3, Rb and low Zr, Nb and REE contents compared to the hornblende granites. The mineralogical and chemical characteristics of the different granite types exposed in the Jaswantpura area point to a continental crust source.

Economics and productivity of two crop rotations and their integrated nutrient management of irrigated areas in south-western Rajasthan

- A 4-year field experiment was conducted during 1994-98 to compare the 2 crop rotations under 8 different nutrient-management practices at Keshwana, Jalore, Rajasthan, India, grown under assured irrigated condi- tions. Clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taubertl-mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Zernj. &amp; Cossonl- greengram (Phaseolus radiatus L.) rotation gave significantly higher greengram-equivalent yield (GEY), gross income, net income and benefit:cost ratio than sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori &amp; Paol.)-greengram rotation at all the levels of nutrient management. Treatment of 100% NPK through chemical fertilizer + 2.5 tonnes gypsum provided the maximum greengram-equivalent yield, net income and benefit:cost ratio in both the crop rotations. Other treatments of 100% NPK through chemical fertilizer and 75% NPK through chemical fertilizer + 25% through FYM were also comparable to the above treatment. Farmer's practice of applying 100% NPK through chemical fertilizer + 10 tonnes FYM recorded higher yields and gross in- come but lesser net income and benefit:cost ratio.