SOUTH WALES Research Articles

Economic costs of responders for responding to residential fire incidents in new south wales, Australia

One in five fire incidents in Australia is residential fire. There is a paucity of data on the economic costs of responding to residential fires. The limited research has centred on fire services without due recognition of the involvement of other agencies. This study aims to determine the economic costs of all first responders for responding to New South Wales (NSW) residential fires. This was conducted using Fire and Rescue NSW administrative data from 44,623 residential fire incidents between January 2005 and March 2015, together with other publicly available information. Costs were expressed in terms of constant 2022 Australian dollars. Fire and Rescue NSW personnel spent an average of 130 min per residential fire, involving eight personnel. The total economic costs to all responders, including personnel and resources, for responding to residential fires, averaged AU$ 9.5 million per annum and AU$ 2200 per incident. Both the total economic costs and costs per incident increased significantly by 1.4 % and 2.8 %, respectively, over a decade. This pioneering study sheds light on the costs of first responders for residential fires, providing valuable insights for policymakers to enhance preparedness for residential fires and associated consequences, recognising the broader economic impact extending beyond the primary agency.

Temporal trends of pancreatic cancer in new south wales, australia: a longitudinal population-based study of incidence, surgery and survival

Temporal trends of pancreatic cancer in new south wales, australia: a longitudinal population-based study of incidence, surgery and survival

Associated medical conditions among 10-year-old children with oral clefts - a retrospective review across three cleft centres: Part 2

Introduction In many cases, children with oral clefts present with accompanying medical conditions. These associated conditions can add complexity to the patient's dental management, both in terms of their treatment need and risk. Recognition and careful consideration of associated medical conditions is therefore crucial in providing safe and effective care for these patients.Aim This paper is the second in a two-part three-centre series. It investigates the prevalence of medical conditions affecting cleft lip and/or palate patients attending three cleft units within the UK.Method Retrospective review was undertaken within three cleft units: South Wales (SW), Cleft NET East (CNE) and West Midlands (WM). This was completed via assessment of the 10-year audit record appointment clinical notes for the year 2016/2017.Results In total, 144 cases were reviewed (SW = 42; CNE = 52; WM = 50). Of these, 38.9% of patients (n = 56) had associated medical conditions recorded.Discussion The review highlights the variety and impact of medical conditions affecting UK cleft patients providing insight into the consequent complexity of their dental care.Conclusion An awareness of cleft lip and/or palate patients' associated medical conditions is important for all health care professionals involved in their care. Indeed, understanding of the patient's medical needs by multidisciplinary cleft teams is essential for effective planning and completion of holistic care. Involvement of specialists in paediatric dentistry sharing care with general dental practitioners is vital in providing appropriate oral health care and preventive support.

Dental anomalies in cleft lip and/or palate children at age 10 - a retrospective review across three cleft centres: Part 1

Introduction Children with oral clefts often present with dental anomalies which can impact function, aesthetics and complicate the patient's dental treatment and needs. An understanding of potential anomalies, along with early recognition and planning, is thus essential for effective care.Aim This paper is the first in a two-part three-centre series. This paper will assess the dental anomalies identified in 10-year-old patients attending three cleft centres in the UK.Method Retrospective review was undertaken of the clinical notes of 10-year-old patients attending South Wales (SW), Cleft NET East (CNE) and West Midlands (WM) cleft units, for their ten-year audit record appointment in 2016/2017.Results In total, 144 patients were reviewed (SW = 42; CNE = 52; WM = 50). Dental anomalies were recorded for 80.6% of patients (n = 116).Discussion The review gives insight into the dental complexities of UK oral cleft patients. These patients require specialist paediatric dental input and intensive preventive regimes.Conclusion Shared care between cleft team specialists and general dental practitioners is important when providing holistic care for cleft patients.

Economic analysis of integrating photovoltaics and battery energy storage system in an office building

The concept of ‘Active Building’ refers to any building, such as factories, offices, homes, and other structures in the built environment, which are equipped to conserve, generate, store, and release energy in the UK. One such Active Building was built at Swansea University in the UK in 2018 and is currently used as a small office including well fare facilities. The objective of this study is to analyse the economic performance of an Active Building, incorporating building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) and lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries with real building operational profiles and metered energy load profiles. The cost covers the capital cost of 22 kWp BIPV and 110 kWh Li-ion battery, and electricity cost from the electric grid with two types of time of use electricity tariffs - South Wales (SW) time of use tariff and Red, Amber, and Green (RAG) rates, and the potential carbon cost of electricity supplied from the Wales electric grid and generated from the Active Building. Four battery operational strategies are designed, and battery status of charge and electricity flow are monitored. The analysis is undertaken on the BIPV units with or without Li-ion batteries under various scenarios. The results show that the investment of BIPV units without Li-ion batteries can make a profit within the lifetime of BIPV in the current electricity market. However, the current Li-ion battery storage does not compensate for its capital cost from the reduced economic value obtained from the BIPV system when the electricity is curtailed. Even though the current economic analysis of the Active Building installing BIPV and battery is not convincing at the current capital price, this combination can enable the Active Building to be independent of the electric grid and to balance electricity demand and generation itself. The analysis will demonstrate the market conditions required to make these operational benefits cost-effective.

Operational Emissions in Prosuming Dwellings: A Study Comparing Different Sources of Grid CO2 Intensity Values in South Wales, UK

This paper analysed operational CO2 emissions from electricity grid interaction in photovoltaic prosumer dwellings in South Wales, UK. Operational CO2 emissions were quantified in four prosumer dwellings aiming to analyse (1) the differences in the result when time-varying data and static emission factors are used, and (2) the association of load-matching indicators to the results. Electricity balance data were obtained through monitoring (April 2020 to March 2021), and three sources for the grid’s CO2 intensity were considered: (1) UK nationwide average time-varying values (UK), (2) South Wales (SW) average time-varying values and (3) the UK Government’s official CO2 emissions factor (EF) for the study period. UK and SW grid CO2 intensity were obtained as dynamic data flows in a 30 min resolution, whereas EF was a year constant. Gross CO2 emissions calculated using SW data reached the highest emissions results: between 67.5% and 69.3% higher than the results obtained using the UK time-varying data, and between 41.1% and 45.1% higher than using the EF. The differences between the obtained yearly net emissions using dynamic data and the EF in each studied dwelling ranged between 6.2% and 294%. Results also show that the definition of geographic boundaries for location-based approach calculations can significantly affect the obtained emissions values.

023 Genetic carrier screening for duchenne muscular dystrophy: the outcome of over twenty years of genetic counselling on disease epidemiology in a single-centre cohort study in new south wales (NSW), australia

IntroductionDuchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), an X-linked recessive genetic disorder is maternally inherited in approximately two-thirds of affected boys. Female relatives have carrier risk. This study proposes that proactive genetic screening and counselling for patients’ relatives, contributes to reductions in preventable cases and ultimately disease incidence.MethodsA retrospective study of cases born in NSW from 1991–2013 was completed, using an electronic database of live male and prenatally diagnosed patients with DMD, referred to our tertiary service. Proband genotype/phenotype, pedigree, carrier-risk and extent of cascade screening were reviewed. Variance analysis (two-way ANOVA) was used to analyse changing trends in preventable cases.Results77 cases were identified. Mean age at presentation fell by 14-months over time. Probands were defined as ‘theoretically preventable’ when disease was identified in previous generations, or in males aged over 6 years, within the same generation. Fifteen (19%) cases were preventable, with a statistically significant decline in such cases over time.Cascade screening and prenatal testing of subsequent pregnancies was offered to all carrier mothers and female relatives in the mother’s generation. Fifteen women underwent prenatal testing. Three affected male foetuses were identified, with one live affected male being born, after parents proceeded with the pregnancy.ConclusionRigorous and expansive approaches to cascade-screening/counselling may account for decreases in preventable cases. Age of diagnosis has fallen, providing potential for more timely intervention, aided by newer diagnostic techniques that allow more accurate proband genotyping. Prenatal testing identified small numbers of affected males, facilitating parental decision-making in these select cases.

New detection of flinders island spotted fever (due to Rickettsia honei infection) in new south wales: A case of fulminant septic shock and multi-organ failure

We report a case of a new location and severe infection for Rickettsia honei. A 76-year-old man, five days after returning from a camping trip to Grafton and Coffs Harbour, presented to the emergency department with two-day history of widespread rash, fever, rigors, confusion and decreasing mobility with rapid deterioration. He eventually progressed into multi-organ failure requiring dialysis, vasopressor support and intubation. On day 2, rickettsial infection was suspected. Therefore, a blood ethylene diamine triacetic acid (EDTA) tube for rickettsial polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serology (microimmunofluorescence assay) were sent to the Australian Rickettsial Reference Laboratory. He was started on oral doxycycline 100 mg BD via nasogastric tube but did not improve. On day 4, his treatment was escalated to intravenous azithromycin 500 mg daily and intravenous doxycycline 100 mg BD (Special Access Scheme Category A) given non-improvement and doubtful absorption of oral doxycycline considering high vasopressor support. He rapidly improved 48 hours later with reducing organ support, extubated and subsequently discharged from ICU on Day 8. Subsequently, his serology and PCR suggested Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia. Further amplification of the citrate synthase and outer membrane protein A genes confirmed Rickettsia honei infection, which had not been detected in New South Wales previously.

Management of Major Obstetric Haemorrhage using ROTEM Point-of-Care Haemostasis Analysers Can Reduce Blood Product usage Without Increasing Fibrinogen Replacement Therapy

Major obstetric haemorrhage (MOH) is a leading cause of maternal death and morbidity, with the majority of deaths occurring within four hours of delivery. Therefore, prompt identification of women at risk of MOH is crucial for the rapid assessment and management of blood loss to urgently restore haemodynamic stability. Furthermore, as the rate of blood loss during MOH can increase rapidly in the time when laboratory results are awaited, the management of MOH could benefit from point-of-care coagulation testing by the ROTEM analyser which has a quicker turnaround time compared to standard laboratory coagulation tests. A number of studies indicate that ROTEM-based management of MOH has resulted in a significant reduction in massive transfusions and decreased transfusion of concentrated red cells (CRC) and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) due to a reduction in total blood loss. Several reports which have linked MOH to the depletion of fibrinogen reserves indicate that the reduction in CRC and FFP transfusions is largely due to an increase in early fibrinogen replacement therapy which corrects hypofibrinogenemia. This short report discusses preliminary findings on the impact of ROTEM point-of-care haemostasis analyser on the transfusion of various blood products to obstetric women experiencing MOH at the Royal Gwent Hospital in South wales. The number of blood products transfused following decisions based on the ROTEM analyser measurements (ROTEM group) was compared to historical transfusion data before the ROTEM analyser became available (Pre-ROTEM group). Blood product transfusion in the Pre-ROTEM group was guided by measurements of standard laboratory coagulation tests in conjunction with the established major haemorrhage protocols at the time. The findings indicate that the ROTEM analyser was effective in managing MOH at point-of-care and led to a reduction in the transfusion of CRC, FFP and platelets. However, contrary to published studies, the reduction in blood product usage was not accompanied by an increase in fibrinogen replacement transfusion therapy, suggesting that the ROTEM’s FIBTEM assay accurately quantified fibrinogen levels based on fibrin-clot firmness to enable an early diagnosis of hypofibrinogenemia. Early establishment of the absence of hypofibrinogenemia helped to prevent unnecessary transfusion of fibrinogen concentrate in this study. These findings support the adoption of routine use of ROTEM analysers at point-of-care on labour wards to manage MOH and reduce fibrinogen replacement therapy. The ease of use and rapidity of ROTEM tests could enable departure from globally directed correction of coagulopathy during MOH to a more focussed and precise target transfusion therapy, which will ultimately reduce blood product wastage (including fibrinogen concentrate) whilst minimising transfusion-associated side effects such as alloimmunisation, circulatory overload and dilutional coagulopathy.

Exhibition Reviews

Abstract Passion and Procession: Art from the Philippines, Art Gallery of New South Wa les, Sydney, Australia, 24 June 2017–7 January 2018 So You See Me|International Symposium, Cooper Gallery, Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art, University of Dundee, Dundee, 2 December 2017 Play the City Now or NEVER!, mobile app, Helen Stratford and Idit Nathan, released 2017 If It Starts to Fall, Move Out the Way, Finn Thomson, Gibberd Gallery, Harlow Town, Essex, 25 November–22 December

A warm-front triggered nocturnal tornado outbreak near Kiama, NSW, Australia

This paper documents the case of a nocturnal outbreak of tornadoes on the New South Wales (NSW) south coast on 23 February 2013, and provides an analysis of the conditions that led to the outbreak. These tornadoes were associated with the passage of a warm front which had developed on the eastern flank of a mature extratropical cyclone.The damage from the tornadoes is discussed, and an analysis of the synoptic and mesoscale conditions that led to the event is provided. An analysis of radar at the time of the event shows a series of vortices developing within a zone of horizontal shear just prior to the tornadoes developing. The tornadoes were difficult for operational forecasters to predict, partly due to the infrequent occurrence of nocturnal tornadoes of this type in NSW, and in part due to operational demands from the broader scale severe weather event that resulted from the low-pressure system. This paper presents an analysis of the event that may assist forecasters in identifying similar events in the future.

P03.09 Implementing sexual health ‘spaced education’ for undergraduate medical students in new south wales, australia

Introduction Most STIs are managed in primary care settings in Australia, so the New South Wales (NSW) STI Programs Unit supports sexual health education of professionals in these settings. However each NSW undergraduate medical school curriculum is different and is inconsistently taught. To support some consistency in teaching, the Workforce Education Development Group (WEDG) University of Sydney (USyd) agreed to develop and implement a sexual health module for medical students using spaced education (Qstream). Spaced education has been shown to improve knowledge acquisition, increase long-term knowledge retention and change behaviour. Methods The University of NSW and USyd Medical School Academic Departments of General Practice agreed to pilot the module during undergraduate primary care clinical attachments. Sixteen clinical scenarios with questions, model answers, references, and links to key resources were developed. Results Forty two undergraduate medical students completed the pilot providing mostly positive feedback about the delivery method (interactive, daily reminders, retesting knowledge) and content (realistic clinical scenarios). The main criticism was the desire for more case studies to compliment or fill gaps in prior learning. The sexual health module is now offered during 5th and 6th year Primary Care attachments at UNSW and is a required learning activity during 3rd year Community Health block at USyd. From August 2014–March 2015, 88 students from UNSW have commenced the course with a 50% completion rate. From October – December 2014, all 61 medical students at USyd completed the course with 64% finding the course very helpful or helpful. Feedback since module implementation remains positive with mobile friendliness, reminders, gradual learning and scenario rationales all rated highly. Conclusion Spaced education has proven adaptable to sexual health education and was accepted as beneficial and a positive style of learning about sexual health. Other NSW undergraduate programs have now been offered the module. Disclosure of interest statement The NSW STI Programs Unit is funded by NSW Health. No pharmaceutical grants were received in the development of this project.

OA28 At the clinical shores - palliative care volunteers and population health in new south wales (NSW).

In October 2014 a detailed mapping study of volunteers in palliative care services in NSW was undertaken for the first time. This presentation will provide a thematic analysis of the initial findings. The aim of this study was to provide a thematic analysis of the occupational terrain of palliative care volunteers across NSW as part of a project to develop the capacity of palliative care volunteer services and to raise public awareness of their work. A total of 44 Volunteer Coordinators, clinicians and other health service staff were surveyed across 38 services mostly by telephone and face-to-face meetings using a 21 question survey which measured quantitative and qualitative data. The survey clarified the number and distribution of the 38 palliative care services, 1,242 volunteers and 22 full-time-equivalent volunteer coordinators in NSW. Data included comments made by participants in the survey, and thematic analysis reveals that the palliative care volunteers are constructed as neither exclusively clinical nor non-clinical in nature. Palliative care volunteers metaphorically stand at the shores of the clinical domains, interacting collegially with the clinician but identifying with the public and acting to guide people ashore and through the expert landscape. The report concludes that given the emergent nature of palliative care practice there are precedents for the inclusion of palliative care volunteers more extensively within communities of practice at strategic, policy and operational contexts, but this might actually do a disservice to the unique function of volunteers as coast watchers.

Examination of narratives from emergency department presentations to identify road trauma, crash and injury risk factors for different age groups.

Road trauma represents a high proportion of injury-related emergency department presentations. Narrative text recorded in the emergency department could provide useful information to monitor road trauma and to identify crash and injury risk factors by age group. To examine the Public Health Real-time Emergency Department Surveillance System (PHREDSS) to identify road users (i.e. motor vehicle drivers, motor vehicle passengers, motorcyclists, pedal cyclists and pedestrians), and crash (e.g. vehicle speed) and injury risk factors (e.g. non-restraint use) by age group. Narrative text from the PHREDSS in New South Wales, Australia, during 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2012 was reviewed. A keyword search of all emergency department presentations potentially identified 388,991 road trauma-related presentations and between 6,420 motorbike crashes to 138,889 motor vehicle accident emergency department presentations. Potential crash and injury risk factors were also identified. This exploratory study demonstrated the capability of information from PHREDSS to be used to support injury prevention efforts in road safety.

Pengaruh Jfaktor lingkungan terhadap intensitas pembungaan Melaleuca alternifolia

A detiled knowledge of a species flowering phenology is essential for estimating the reproductive success. Time, frequency and intencity of flowering may vary within species due to genetic differences also modified by abiotic and biotic factors. For M. alternifolia, knowledge of flowering phenology is important to develope an efficient breeding strategy. therefore, this study were undertaken to find out the environmental factors influenced the flowering intensity of M. alternifolia. Flowering phenology assessments were undertaken by counting the number of buds, inflorescences and capsules of individual trees at natural population for 6 years. Where as the assesment of all individual trees at seed orchards were carried out by estimating the number of buds, inflorecences capsules using 8 point scales during 4 years. the average of maximum and minimum temperatures and the rainfall datas were collected from meteorogical station close to study sites. This study revealed that M. alternifolia was remarkably consistent in its main flowering period both within an outside of its natural range in new south wales. This suggest that floral initiation was associated with day length pattern between sites in this study. Flowering intensity of M. alternifolia appears to be strongly associated with the total rainfall during the spring flowering season with low temperature as trigger of floral initiation during winter months.

Participation in cervical screening by older asian and middle eastern migrants in new South wales, australia.

There is little information on the detailed patterns of cervical screening uptake in older migrant women in Australia. This linkage study was performed to assess cervical screening participation in older migrants. We linked year 2000-2001 records for 14,228 Middle Eastern/Asian-born women 40-64 years of age, and an age and area matched random sample of 13,939 Australian-born women in the New South Wales (NSW) Admitted Patients Data Collection (APDC), which records country of birth, to screening register records. Screening behaviour after 1st July 2001 was assessed in women without a recorded prior cervical abnormality Compared to Australian-born women, women born in South Central Asia had a lower screening participation rate (odds ratio for being screened at least once within a 3 year period 0.78, 95% CI 0.70-0.88). However, participation appeared relatively higher (17%-25%) in women born in the Middle East or other parts of Asia. Screening increased with increasing socioeconomic status (SES) in Australian-born women, but this trend was not observed in the migrant women. When we broadly corrected for hysterectomy, the apparent excess of screening in women from the Middle East and other parts of Asia was substantially eliminated and in contrast, the apparent deficiency in screening in women from South Central Asia increased. Older women from the Middle East, and North East and South East Asian countries appeared to have similar overall screening participation to that of Australian-born women. Women from South Central Asia appeared less likely than Australian-born women to participate in cervical screening at the recommended interval.

'NOT RADICALLY A DISSENTER' : SAMUEL LEIGH IN THE COLONY OF NEW SOUTH WALES

Research Article| January 01 2012 'NOT RADICALLY A DISSENTER' : SAMUEL LEIGH IN THE COLONY OF NEW SOUTH WALES Glen O'Brien Glen O'Brien Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Wesley and Methodist Studies (2012) 4: 51–69. https://doi.org/10.2307/42909827 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Glen O'Brien; 'NOT RADICALLY A DISSENTER' : SAMUEL LEIGH IN THE COLONY OF NEW SOUTH WALES. Wesley and Methodist Studies 1 January 2012; 4 51–69. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/42909827 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectivePenn State University PressWesley and Methodist Studies Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © Clements Publishing Group Inc., 20122012Clements Publishing Group Inc., Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Change in referral and diagnostic trends in fetal cardiac screening over 7 years in south wales

AimTo identify the reasons for referrals, foetal demise, termination of pregnancies in relation to foetal heart conditions, trend in yield rate and place of delivery.MethodsRetrospective review of all the tertiary...

Habitat characteristics may override climatic influences on ant assemblage composition: a study using a 300-km climatic gradient

We assessed the relative importance of a variety of climatic and habitat variables in structuring ant communities along a 300-km climatic gradient. Sampling was conducted in semiarid, transitional and cool temperate climatic zones in New South wales, Australia. Ants were sampled at three paired sites of two habitats (pastures and conservation ‘remnants’) in each of the climatic zones (herein referred to as ‘zones’) using pitfall traps. Remnants represented original open forests, while pastures were a mix of grassland vegetation and cleared woodland. We tested the effects of habitat type, region (representing different climatic zones) and environmental variables on assemblages using distance-based similarity measures (Permanova and Permdisp) and canonical analysis of principal coordinates. Assemblage composition differed between habitats and zones, but we found no interaction effects. Assemblage dispersion (between-site heterogeneity) differed between habitats but not among zones. Pasture habitats supported more homogeneous assemblages than remnant habitats. Our findings suggest that habitat type, and structure, homogenise assemblages in pastures, thus overriding the effects of local climate apparent in remnants. As remnants are isolated within the biologically homogeneous pastures, movement of unique species between remnants in response to climate changes may be limited, thus landscape connectivity is likely to be important in reducing species loss.

Long Handled Sock Aid

Australian Occupational Therapy JournalVolume 16, Issue 1 p. 44-44 Long Handled Sock Aid Judith Calcutt, Judith Calcutt final year student, NEW SOUTH WALES COLLEGE OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPYSearch for more papers by this author Judith Calcutt, Judith Calcutt final year student, NEW SOUTH WALES COLLEGE OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPYSearch for more papers by this author First published: January‐March 1969 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1630.1969.tb00323.x AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume16, Issue1January‐March 1969Pages 44-44 RelatedInformation