South China Botanical Garden Research Articles

Research on the Application of Information Visualization Design Based on the Three-level Theory of Emotions

As society progresses, environmental challenges have emerged as a central concern in modern discourse. The degradation of ecosystems has led to the endangerment and extinction of numerous plant species. Moreover, the overwhelming influx of information available to individuals often hampers their understanding of the significance of these endangered species. Conventional written narratives are frequently inadequate in fulfilling the audience’s informational needs. As a nascent medium for scientific communication, information visualization presents an innovative and effective approach for individuals to swiftly acquire and interpret data. This paper concentrates on the endangered aquatic flora within the South China Botanical Garden, grounded in a three-tiered emotional theory framework. Strategies are developed across instinctual, behavioral, and reflective dimensions. The outlined strategic goals aim to elevate design aesthetic literacy, broaden cognitive processing capability, and enhance the efficiency of information dissemination. By employing endangered aquatic plants as a focal point for design initiatives in the South China Botanical Garden and integrating it with the theoretical framework, the objective is to present information regarding these vulnerable species in a more direct, inventive, and concise manner. This methodology aspires to raise public awareness surrounding the conservation of endangered plant life.

Statistics and Analysis of Digital Information on Vascular Plant Specimens and the History of Plant Collecting in Guangzhou, China.

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of digitized specimen data and relevant literature to investigate the vascular plant diversity in Guangzhou City, China. Specimen data were collected from various sources, including the China Digital Herbarium (CVH), the National Specimen Resource Sharing Platform (NSII), Global Plants on JSTOR, and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Following data standardization, the study identified 41,890 vascular plant specimens, encompassing 248 families, 1563 genera, and 4536 species, including subspecies and cultivated plants. Among them, the native plants of Guangzhou city accounted for 60.6% of the species. The temporal analysis identified three distinct peaks in specimen collection: 1916-1920, 1928-1936, and 1950-1964. Collection activities were primarily concentrated between the months of April and November. The distribution of collected specimens exhibited significant variation among different species, with families such as Fabaceae, Poaceae, and Myrtaceae having the highest number of specimens. Similarly, genera such as Eucalyptus, Ficus, and Citrus were well-represented. The most frequently collected species included Litchi chinensis, Eucalyptus robusta, and Cycas taiwaniana. Remarkably, 21 species had specimen counts exceeding 100. Unfortunately, approximately three-quarters of the species had fewer than 10 recorded specimens. Alarmingly, 1220 species were represented by only one specimen. Geographically, the majority of specimens originated from the former suburbs of Guangzhou, Conghua Delta Mountain, and Liuxi River areas, while other regions had limited representation. In terms of specimen collections, the Herbarium of South China Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (IBSC) recorded the highest number of specimens (13,828 specimens), followed by the Tree Herbarium of South China Agricultural University (CANT; 3869 specimens) and the Herbarium of Sun Yat-sen University (SYS; 3654 specimens). The collection history in Guangzhou spans nearly 300 years and can be broadly divided into two distinct periods. The first period extends from the late 13th century to 1949, primarily encompassing the collection efforts of foreign visitors in Guangzhou, and represents the pioneering phase of plant taxonomy research in China. The second period, from 1949 to the present, is characterized by extensive investigations and collection activities conducted by local scholars, with a specific emphasis on native plant resources. By meticulously organizing and verifying information derived from historical documents and specimens, the paper effectively summarizes the plant collection and research history of Guangzhou, providing detailed profiles of the key collectors. These findings furnish reliable historical reference materials for the study of plant taxonomy and diversity in Guangzhou.

Plant-Associated Novel Didymellaceous Taxa in the South China Botanical Garden (Guangzhou, China)

The South China Botanical Garden (SCBG), one of the largest and oldest botanical gardens in China, conserves important plant germplasms of endangered species. Therefore, ensuring tree health and studying the associated mycobiome of the phyllosphere is essential to maintaining its visual aesthetics. During a survey of plant-associated microfungal species in SCBG, we collected several coelomycetous taxa. Phylogenetic relationships were evaluated based on the analyses of ITS, LSU, RPB2, and β-tubulin loci. The morphological features of the new collections were compared with those of existing species, emphasizing close phylogenetic affinities. Based on the morphological comparisons and multi-locus phylogeny, we introduce three new species. These are Ectophoma phoenicis sp. nov., Remotididymella fici-microcarpae sp. nov., and Stagonosporopsis pedicularis-striatae sp. nov. In addition, we describe a new host record for Allophoma tropica in the Didymellaceae. Detailed descriptions and illustrations are provided along with notes comparing allied species.

Seven Sycoryctine Fig Wasp Species (Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae) Associated with Dioecious Ficus hirta Inhabiting South China and Southeast Asia.

Simple SummaryThe non-pollinating fig wasps are essential components of fig wasp communities, negatively impacting mutualism. However, this group of fig wasps has received less taxonomic attention than pollinating fig wasps. This study presents seven new non-pollinating fig wasp species associated with Ficus hirta fig trees inhabiting South China and Southeast Asia. The presence of a long ovipositor sheath characterizes this group of fig wasps. An identification key is provided to distinguish between them, and the relationships with their host fig trees are discussed. The type specimens and examined materials are deposited in the South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.Even though non-pollinating fig wasps are essential components in tropical and subtropical habitats, yet they are poorly described in the Oriental communities. This study presented seven new sycoryctine fig wasp species associated with Ficus hirta fig trees inhabiting South China and Southeast Asia. These new sycoryctine species belong to the genera Philotrypesis, Sycoryctes, and Sycoscapter. They can be easily distinguished by their adaptive morphologies such as face sculpture, body-color, and ovipositors. An identification key is provided to differentiate between them, and the relationships with their host fig trees are also discussed. The holotypes and paratypes are both deposited in the South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.

Variations in morphological and epidermal features of shade and sun leaves of two species: Quercus bambusifolia and Q. myrsinifolia.

Microclimatic differences between the periphery and the interior of tree crowns result in a variety of adaptive leaf macromorphological and anatomical features. Our research was designed to reveal criteria for sun/shade leaf identification in two species of evergreen oaks, applicable to both modern and fossil leaves. We compared our results with those in other species similarly studied. For both Quercus bambusifolia and Q. myrsinifolia (section Cyclobalanopsis), leaves from single mature trees with well-developed crowns were collected in the South China Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China. We focus on leaf characters often preserved in fossil material. SVGm software was used for macromorphological measurement. Quantitative analyses were performed and box plots generated using R software with IDE Rstudio. Leaf cuticles were prepared using traditional botanical techniques. Principal characters for distinguishing shade and sun leaves in the studied oaks were identified as leaf lamina length to width ratio (L/W), and the degree of development of venation networks. For Q. myrsinifolia, shade and sun leaves differ in tooth morphology and the ratio of toothed lamina length to overall lamina length. The main epidermal characters are ordinary cell size and anticlinal wall outlines. For both species, plasticity within shade leaves exceeds that of sun leaves. Morphological responses to sun and shade in the examined oaks are similar to those in other plant genera, pointing to useful generalizations for recognizing common foliar polymorphisms that must be taken into account when determining the taxonomic position of both modern and fossil plants.

The 2020 Chinese National Symposium on Systematic and Evolutionary Botany

On 26–28 November 2020, the Chinese National Symposium on Systematic and Evolutionary Botany (also known as the 14th Young Scholar's Symposium) was held at Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (XTBG), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in Menglun, Yunnan Province, China. The symposium was sponsored by the Botanical Society of China (BSC), and was organized by Professor Yao-Wu Xing from XTBG. The series has been held every other year regularly in the last decade. More than 500 participants from 141 institutes/universities gathered in XTBG to attend the symposium in person, and there were also more than 200 online participants. The symposium brought together the plant systematics and evolutionary biology community in China to discuss the advances in systematics, biodiversity resources and conservation, and evolutionary biology in general. Four workshops were launched on 25 November, covering “Taxonomy of tropical plants”, “Inference of divergence times”, “Organelle genome assembly and analyses”, and “Plant evolutionary genomics”. At the Opening Ceremony on 26 November, Professor Jin Chen (Director of XTBG), Professor Xiao-Quan Wang (Vice Chairman of BSC, and Director of Institute of Botany, CAS), and Professor De-Yuan Hong (Academician of CAS) addressed the symposium. The symposium also included four colloquia on “Plant taxonomy and resources”, “Paleobotany”, “Phylogenetics and biogeography”, and “Speciation and adaptive evolution”, in four concurrent sessions. There were 130 contributed oral presentations and 47 posters. Before the Closing Ceremony on 28 November, ten young investigators presented plenary talks in addition to the three plenary speeches delivered by more established scientists. In closing, Professor De-Zhu Li (Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS) provided a summary on the symposium, and Professor De-Yuan Hong made an appeal for innovative evaluation of the basic sciences, inspiring young botanists to confront the challenges facing the discipline of plant taxonomy. The symposium was very successful and well attended by many young systematists and evolutionary biologists (Fig. 1). Throughout the three days, there were very active exchanges in the form of questions/answers, discussions, and comments. The next Chinese National Symposium on Systematic and Evolutionary Botany was proposed to be held in South China Botanical Garden, CAS in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China in 2022.

Collection and Utilization of Germplasm Resources of Myrtaceae Wild Plants in China

Myrtaceae is an important group of higher plants, the eighth family of angiosperms, with 134 genera, 5500-5900 species, mainly distributed in tropical America, Oceania and Asia. There are 9 genera, 126 species and 8 varieties of wild myrtle in China. South China Botanical Garden of Chinese Academy of Sciences introduced and related studies on the Myrtaceae wild plant germplasm resources since the 1930s. There are 58 species of 9 genera of Myrtaceae wild plants in China, of which there are 1 species of the genus Acmena, 1 species of the genus Baeckea, 2 species of the genus Cleistocalyx, 3 Species of the genus Decaspermum, 2 species of the genus Psidium, 2 species of the genus Pyrenocarp, 1 species of the genus Rhodamnia, 1 species of the genus Rhodomyrtus, and 45 Species of the genus Syzygium were collected. Myrtle plants have an important and far-reaching impact on the world economy in wood resources, volatile aromatic oils, industrial and pharmaceutical materials, edible spices, tropical fruits, and ecological and environmental protection. This paper studies the collection and application of wild plant germplasm resources of myrtle in China, in order to provide strategic support for China's economic development, sustainable utilization of resources and ecological environment protection.

热带珊瑚岛植物种植对土壤改良及其微生物群落形成的影响

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 热带珊瑚岛植物种植对土壤改良及其微生物群落形成的影响 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201804240928 作者: 作者单位: 中国科学院华南植物园,中国科学院华南植物园,中国科学院华南植物园,中国科学院华南植物园,中国科学院华南植物园,中国科学院华南植物园,中国科学院华南植物园,中国科学院华南植物园,中国科学院华南植物园 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 科技部重点研发计划项目（2016YFC1403001）；中国科学院战略先导科技专项（A类）（XDA13020600，XDA13020505）；国家自然科学基金项目（31425005） Soil improvements and microbial community development following establishment of plant communities in a tropical coral island Author: Affiliation: South China Botanical Garden,,,,,wxj@scbg.ac.cn,,South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:植被及关联的土壤微生物对于维持热带珊瑚岛的生态系统功能和稳定性具有重要作用。采集了植物种植前的种植土和种植早期珊瑚砂土，以及栽植幼苗基质中的根际土和非根际土，利用扩增子测序的手段，分析其中的真菌和细菌的多样性、群落组成及变化。分析结果显示，种植土、幼苗基质中的非根际土和根际土可能是珊瑚砂土壤中微生物的重要来源，其中最主要的类群包括以担子菌门和接合菌门为代表的真菌，以及以变形菌门、酸杆菌门为代表的细菌。珊瑚砂土的真菌丰度（864.2±41.4，为每0.25 g土的物种数）显著低于来自苗基质的根际土（1086.1±64.3，P=0.014）和苗非根际土（1251.4±48.1，P < 0.001）；珊瑚砂土的细菌丰度与苗基质根际土和非根际土之间并没有显著性差异。通过对比种植土和植物种植后的珊瑚砂土的微生物群落β-多样性，也发现植物种植对真菌和细菌类群组成产生了影响；主要类群接合菌门真菌相对丰度从0.2%增加到17.4%，而伞菌纲真菌的相对丰度从20.8%下降到0.9%，β-变形菌纲细菌的相对丰度从17.7%下降到0.1%。研究结果启示，珊瑚砂土壤微生物的组成并非是对不同来源微生物进行简单的集合，其中生活史与植物关系密切的微生物类群，目前还未在珊瑚砂土壤中表现出优势分布；相反，一些在植物根际和非根际土中较少出现的微生物，在珊瑚砂土壤中则广为存在，从而说明土壤微生物群落恢复过程的复杂性。 Abstract:Vegetation and associated soil microbial community play important roles in the maintenance of the function and stability of tropical coral island ecosystems. In this study, we collected different soil samples from a tropical coral island at the preliminary stage of plant community establishment. These soil samples included bulk soils before and after plant establishment (coral sand), nutrition soils used during planting (nutrition soils), and the bulk and rhizosphere soils of the transplanted seedlings in the nursery (nursery bulk and rhizosphere soils). Using amplicon sequencing, we assessed and compared the diversity, composition, and variation of fungal and bacterial communities among the four types of soil samples. Our results showed that the nutrition soils, nursery bulk and rhizosphere soils were important sources for microbial community restoration in coral sands. The major fungal phylums in these soils included Ascomycota and Zygomycota, while the major bacterial phylums included Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria. Fungal richness was significantly lower in coral sands (864.2±41.4) than in nursery rhizosphere (1086.1±64.3, P=0.014) and nursery bulk soils (1251.4±48.1, P < 0.001). However, no significant difference in the bacterial richness was detected among these soils. The establishment of plant community also significantly altered the composition of both fungal and bacterial communities in the coral sands; the relative abundance of Zygomycota increased from 0.2% to 17.4%, Agaricomycetes decreased from 20.8% to 0.9%, and β-Proteobacteria decreased from 17.7% to 0.1%. Our results demonstrate that the process of microbial community restoration in the coral sands is not simply fulfilled by adding up microbial groups from the different soil sources; several microbial groups with lifestyles being closely associated with plants were not predominant in the coral sands. Furthermore, some microbial groups with lower relative abundances in the seedling soil samples were dominant in coral sands, suggesting that the soil microbial community restoration was complex. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Studies on Collection Breeding and Application of Zingiberaceae Plants Wild Resources in China

Zingiberaceae wild plants are abundant, diverse in form and color, and are important resources for the development of new varieties of cultivation. There are about 1300 species of 52 genera in the world, which are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. The application value of Zingiberaceae wild plant resources has long attracted the attention of domestic experts and scholars. However, so far, introduction, breeding and application of Zingiberaceae wild plant resources have not been systematically introduced and studied. In this paper, based on the analysis of Zingiberaceae wild plants germplasm resources distribution, the result was reported that South China Botanical Garden of Chinese Academy of Sciences introduced and related studies on the Zingiberaceae wild plant germplasm resources and has collected Zingiberaceae wild plants 18 genera and 116 species in China since the 1970s. Now, all the Zingiberaceae wild plants have planted in the endangered base and the greenhouse in South China Botanical Garden of China Academy of Sciences. At the same time, through the collection of wild resources of Zingiberaceae plants in China, systematic research on sexual, asexual and tissue culture and breeding technology of Zingiberaceae wild plants was carried out to explore the application of wild resources of Zingiberaceae plants in underforest economy, ethnic medicine and garden landscape, in order to provide references for further development and utilization of zingiberaceae wild plant resources.

鼎湖山南亚热带天然针阔叶混交林臭氧吸收特征

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 鼎湖山南亚热带天然针阔叶混交林臭氧吸收特征 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201709201687 作者: 作者单位: 华南植物园,华南植物园 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 广东省自然科学基金（2014A030313746）；国家自然科学基金项目（31670453） Ozone uptake by the dominant canopy tree species in a natural mixed conifer-broadleaf forest in Dinghushan, Guangdong Province, south China Author: Affiliation: South China Botanical Garden,South China Botanical Garden Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:针阔叶混交林是我国南亚热带针叶林向地带性常绿阔叶林演替的中间林分类型，为我国南亚地区主要森林类型，发挥着重要的生态系统服务功能。基于树干液流技术和对臭氧浓度的连续监测，评价该森林类型的臭氧吸收特征和能力有着重要的环境生态学意义。对鼎湖山天然针阔叶混交林优势种马尾松（Pinus manssoniana）、锥栗（Castanopsis chinensis）、木荷（Schima superba）和华润楠（Machilus chinensis）在自然环境条件下的臭氧吸收能力进行了分析研究。结果表明：在日尺度上，4个优势树种的冠层气孔对臭氧导度（GO3）和臭氧吸收通量（FO3）均呈单峰型曲线，其最大值的时间在干季（10月至竖年3月）比湿季（4月至9月）滞后；季节尺度上，臭氧浓度在湿季达到最大值48.94 nL/L，湿季GO3、FO3和年臭氧吸收累积量（accumulative stomatal O3 flux，AFst）均显著高于干季（P < 0.01），华润楠的臭氧吸收能力最强，在干季和湿季可分别达1.11 nmol m-2 s-1和1.71 nmol m-2 s-1。随着水汽压亏缺（VPD）增大，优势种GO3降低。光合有效辐射（PAR）超过1500 umol m-2 s-1时，优势树种GO3和FO3呈下降趋势。针阔叶混交林的年臭氧吸收累积量超过了保护森林树木所采用的临界阈值，可认为鼎湖山针阔叶混交林受臭氧危害的潜在风险较高。 Abstract:We determined ozone (O3) uptake rates of the dominant tree species (Pinus manssoniana, Castanopsis chinensis, Schima superba, and Machilus chinensis) in a natural mixed conifer-broadleaf forest based on sap flow measurements and environmental monitoring. On a diurnal scale, the ozone uptake flux (FO3) by the dominant tree species had a unimodal pattern, and that the maximum flux appeared earlier in the wet season (April-September) than in the dry season (October-March). Compared to the wet season, the time of the maximum flux in the dry season was delayed. Seasonally, the maximum O3 concentration occurred in the wet season (48.94 nL/L). Canopy stomatal conductance for O3 (GO3), FO3, and annual accumulative stomatal O3 uptake (AFst) in the wet season were significantly higher than in the dry season (P < 0.01). Machilus chinensis had the highest O3 uptake capacity among the four species considered. The maximum FO3 was 1.11 nmol m-2 s-1 in the dry season and 1.71 nmol m-2 s-1 in the wet season. GO3 decreased with increasing vapour pressure deficit (VPD) in all the studied species. At photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) > 1500 umol m-2 s-1, GO3 and FO3 for all species declined at higher PAR. Annual AFst exceeded the threshold that could be tolerated by forest trees, suggesting a potential O3 risk for mixed conifer-broadleaf forest in Dinghushan. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Ecophysiological responses of two closely related Magnoliaceae genera to seasonal changes in subtropical China

Plants use a variety of hydraulic strategies to adapt to seasonal drought that differ by species and environmental conditions. The early-diverging Magnoliaceae family includes two closely related genera with contrasting leaf habits, Yulania (deciduous) andMichelia (evergreen), which naturally inhabit temperate and tropical regions, respectively. Here, we evaluate the hydraulic strategy of species from both genera that have beenex situ conserved in a subtropical region to determine how they respond to the novel cool-dry season climatic pattern. We measured ecophysiological traits in fiveMichelia and fiveYulania species conserved in the South China Botanical Garden in both wet and dry season conditions and monitored the whole-year sap flow for four of these species. We found that Magnoliaceae species that have beenex situ conserved in a subtropical climate did not suffer from excessive water stress due to the mild drought conditions of the dry season and the ecophysiological adjustments the species made to avoid this stress, which differed by leaf habit. Specifically, deciduous species completely shed their leaves during the dry season, while evergreen species decreased their turgor loss points, dry mass based photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance and specific leaf areas (SLAs) compared to wet season measurements. In comparing the two distinct leaf habits during the wet season, the leathery-leaved evergreen species had higher leaf hydraulic conductance and leaf to sapwood area ratios than the papery-leaved deciduous species, while the deciduous species had greater hydraulic conductivity calculated on both a stem and leaf area basis, dry mass based photosynthetic rates, leaf nutrients, SLAs and stomatal sizes than the evergreen species. Interestingly, species from both genera maintained similar sap flow in the wet season. Both photosynthetically active radiation and vapour pressure deficit affected the diurnal patterns of sap flow in the wet season, while only vapour pressure deficit played a dominant role in the dry season. This study reveals contrasting hydraulic strategies inYulania andMichelia species under subtropical seasonal conditions, and suggests that these ecophysiological adjustments might be affected more by leaf habit than seasonality, thus reflecting the divergent evolution of the two closely related genera. Furthermore, we show that Magnoliaceae species that areex situ conserved in a subtropical climate are hydraulically sound, a finding that will inform future conservation efforts of this ancient family under the threat of climatic change.

A set of novel microsatellite markers developed for an economically important tree, Dracontomelon duperreanum, in China.

Dracontomelon duperreanum, the most representative species of the family Anacardiaceae, is an important multipurpose tree in China and Vietnam. However, no genetic diversity studies have been reported on this species. In this study, we identified 11 microsatellite markers for D. duperreanum by using the restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) method and examined their polymorphisms in 22 samples obtained from the South China Botanical Garden, South China. We could detect only two or three alleles for each microsatellite marker. The mean observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.41 and 0.39, respectively, which were lower than those reported for the species with similar life history forms. These relatively low genetic diversities in this common plant species are unexpected and might have resulted from its extensive cultivation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of microsatellite markers in the genus Dracontomelon. These microsatellite markers will be valuable for studying the genetic diversities and structures in D. duperreanum and other Dracontomelon species.

Южно-Китайский ботанический сад Академии наук Китая

Южно-Китайский ботанический сад Академии наук Китая

Interactive effects of rising CO2 and elevated nitrogen and phosphorus on nitrogen allocation in invasive weeds Mikania micrantha and Chromolaena odorata

Global environmental changes and biological invasions are important environmental problems. A better understanding of their interactions will help us improve management for plant invasion control under global change context. Mikania micrantha and Chromolaena odorata are two of the most notorious invasive weeds in southern China. They have caused serious damage to semi-natural forests, pastures, crops and plantations. In this study, they were grown under elevated and ambient CO2 (700 ± 50 and 380 ± 50 μmol mol−1, respectively) in open-top chambers in south China botanical garden and treated with fertilizers in the form of soluble nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), N + P (NP), and with tap water as control. Elevated CO2 had significant positive effects on most variables for M. micrantha, and N addition had positive effects on most variables for C. odorata. Elevated CO2 and N or NP addition increased Rubisco content, photosynthetic rates and photosynthetic N use efficiency of both weeds, which improved their resource capture ability and resource utilization efficiency, and improved their growth capacity. SDS-insoluble protein decreased in response to elevated CO2 in both weeds indicating a decrease in their mechanical defense when CO2 elevated. P addition decreased the quantity of N invested in the photosynthetic apparatus under ambient CO2 in both weeds, but this effect was reduced under elevated CO2, suggesting that high soil P will not benefit for the growth of the two weeds under current CO2 levels but less so if CO2 levels continue to rise. From the results we predict that the invasion potential of both weeds will decrease in the high P and low N area at present CO2 concentration, but increase in the high N deposition area, especially with elevated CO2.

鼎湖山森林土壤活性碳及惰性碳沿海拔梯度的变化

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 鼎湖山森林土壤活性碳及惰性碳沿海拔梯度的变化 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201401230171 作者: 作者单位: 中国科学院华南植物园,中国科学院大学;中国科学院华南植物园,中国科学院大学;中国科学院华南植物园,中国科学院大学;中国科学院华南植物园 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项课题(XDA05050205) Altitudinal changes in active and recalcitrant soil carbon pools of forests in the Dinghu Mountains Author: Affiliation: Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650,,, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:对鼎湖山3个不同海拔高度下的沟谷雨林(LA)、低地常绿阔叶林(MA)和山地常绿阔叶林(UA)的土壤活性碳库和惰性碳库进行了研究。结果表明:(1)土壤总碳库仅在30-45 cm土层中存在显著差异且碳库大小随着海拔的增加而增加。(2)土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)碳库在0-15 cm是LA和MA显著大于UA,在30-45 cm是MA和UA显著高于LA,在45-60 cm土层中MA最大。水溶性碳(WSOC)和颗粒碳(POC)碳库均不随海拔高度而改变。WSOC碳库占总碳库的百分比仅在30-45 cm土层中存在差异且大小顺序为:LA >UA >MA,POC碳库占总碳库的百分比仅在土层15-30 cm上存在显著差异且MA比值最大。易氧化性碳(ROC)碳库及占总碳库百分比都是在表层土壤(0-15 cm)中产生显著变化,且UA极显著地大于LA和MA。(3)惰性碳(RC)碳库仅在深层土壤中存在显著差异且MA中RC碳库最大,UA次之,LA最小。RC碳库占总碳库比值仅在表层土壤0-15 cm存在显著差异且UA最大。表层土壤中ROC碳库和RC碳库占总碳库百分比的增加是导致中高海拔森林土壤总碳库最大的主要原因。(4)不同海拔高度上森林土壤理化性质与土壤碳库组成存在显著相关,土壤理化性质的改变是引起不同海拔高度森林土壤碳库组成变化的重要原因。 Abstract:Active and recalcitrant carbon (RC) fractions are two important components of soil organic carbon (SOC). The active SOC fractions with short turnover times, including microbial biomass carbon (MBC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), and readily oxidizable carbon (ROC), are considered biologically available sources of carbon (C) and respond faster to environment changes than total SOC. Recalcitrant carbon with long turnover times may be indicative of the long-term positive feedback of soil decomposition in a warming world. Study of these two C fractions can help us to understand the dynamics of SOC. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the dynamics of SOC along an elevation gradient in Southern China. To this end, an experiment was conducted in the Dinghu Mountains (also called Dinghushan Nature Reserve) of subtropical China to investigate changes in the active and recalcitrant soil carbon pools in a ravine rainforest (LA), a lowland monsoon evergreen broadleaf forest (MA), and an upland monsoon evergreen broadleaf forest (UA), which represent low, middle, and high altitudes, respectively. In all three forests, active and recalcitrant C were measured at four soil depths (0-15, 15-30, 30-45, and 45-60 cm), and physicochemical properties of the soil were assessed. The results showed that water content, total nitrogen (N), hydrolysable-N, and available potassium decreased with an increase in altitudinal gradient. The C/N ratio similarly increased with an increase in altitudinal gradient, and the ratio was significantly higher in UA than in MA and LA. pH and bulk density were also highest in UA and were in the order of MA< LA< UA. The results also suggested that C stocks increased with an increase in altitudinal gradient; however, a significant difference among the three forest types was only found in the 30-45 cm soil layer. The MBC pool in the 0-15 cm soil layer was significantly higher in LA and MA than in UA; however, the pool in the 30-45 cm soil layer was significantly higher in MA and UA than in LA, and the highest value of MA was recorded in the 45-60 cm soil layer. In contrast, neither the WSOC pool nor the POC pool of the forests showed altitudinal variation. The percentage of WSOC pool to C stock in the 30-45 cm soil layer of the three forests was in the order of LA >UA >MA. The percentage of POC pool to C stock among the three forests differed significantly only in the 15-30 cm soil layer and the value was highest in MA. The size of the ROC pool and the percentage of ROC pool to C stock in the 0-15 cm soil layer were significantly higher in UA than in LA and MA. Among the three forests, the size of the RC pool was in the order of MA >UA >LA, although a significant difference was found only in the 30-45 cm and 45-60 cm soil layers. The percentage of RC pool to C stock in the 0-15 cm soil layer was highest in UA. In conclusion, the increasing ROC pool and the percentage of RC pool to C stock in the surface layer along the altitudinal gradient contribute to the largest stock of carbon in UA. Furthermore, the significant relationship between C fraction pools and soil physicochemical properties suggested that changes in soil physicochemical properties might be an important factor contributing to alterations in the C constitution of forests soils along the altitudinal gradient. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Diketopiperazines from the Marine Sponge Axinella sp.

National Natural Science Foundation of China [31100260]; Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [KSCX2-EW-J-28]; Program of Guangzhou City [12C14061559]; Program of South China Botanical Garden [201037]; Foundation of Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization; South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences [201210ZS, 211012]

Current status and prospects of &lt;I&gt;ex situ&lt;/I&gt; cultivation and conservation of plants in China

Current status and prospects of ex situ cultivation and conservation of plants in China Hongwen Huang, Zheng Zhang South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650 Abstract: This review paper summarizes the history of plant introduction and acclimatization in China, and reviews the current status and progress of plant ex situ conservation. Overall, a total of 23,340 species belonging to 3,633 genera, and 396 families are maintained in botanical gardens, whereas 412,000 accessions of 1,890 crop or crop relatives species are preserved in Chinese national crop germplasm banks and 54,000 accessions of 7,271 wild plants in Chinese germplasm bank of wild species. The paper also discussed problems and challenges in plant ex situ conservation and outlooked further development in future: (1) initiation of “Ex situ Cultivated Flora of China project”; (2) development of integrating research of ex situ and in situ plant conservation; (3) enhancing research in ex situ conservation theory and methodology for endemic plants of China; (4) facilitating restoration and recovery of rare and endangered plants into wild on basis of ex situ conservation; and (5) strengthening evaluation and utilization of economic important plants.

Description of Schistonchus superbus n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), an associate of Ficus superba in China

A new nematode species was recovered from the syconia of Ficus superba from the South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, during a survey of nematode biodiversity from 2007 to 2012. It is described herein as Schistonchus superbus n. sp. and is characterised by possessing the combined characters of a short post-uterine sac and digitate tail without a mucron in females, excretory pore located near the metacorpus, amoeboid sperm, a unique wedge-shaped male tail with variable tip and two pairs of subventral papillae, absence of a gubernaculum and possession of sickle-shaped spicules without a cucullus and with a thorn-shaped rostrum. Schistonchus superbus n. sp. is typologically differentiated from all other described species in this genus by the possession of a wedge-shaped tail in males and a digitate tail without mucron in females. Schistonchus superbus n. sp. was easily differentiated from other sequenced species by the partial small subunit rRNA gene (SSU), D3 expansion segment of the large subunit rRNA gene (LSU) and mitochondrial DNA subunit I (mtCOI). Phylogenetic analysis with partial SSU sequences suggests that S. superbus n. sp. is sister to S. caprifici and S. hirtus, and is a polyphyletic relative to other Schistonchus species that have been sequenced. Based on inferences using LSU D3 sequence data, S. superbus n. sp. is in a well-supported monophyletic clade with S. caprifici, S. hirtus and S. macrophylla.

Schistonchus fistulosus n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) associated with Ficus fistulosa in China

A new nematode species was recovered from syconia of Ficus fistulosa from the South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, during a survey of nematode biodiversity from 2007 to 2012. It is described herein as Schistonchus fistulosus n. sp. and is typologically characterised by possessing the combined characters of a long post-uterine sac, excretory pore located near the metacorpus, amoeboid sperm, three pairs of subventral papillae on the male tail, a mucron on the male tail tip, absence of a gubernaculum and possession of ox-horn-shaped spicules without a terminal cucullus and with a short, broad and bluntly rounded rostrum. Schistonchus fistulosus n. sp. was easily differentiated from other sequenced species by the partial small subunit rRNA gene (SSU) and D3 expansion segments of the large subunit rRNA gene (LSU). Phylogenetic analysis with partial SSU sequences suggests that S. fistulosus n. sp. has a closer relationship with S. guangzhouensis and S. baculum in the same highly supported monophyletic clade than to the other sequenced Schistonchus species. Based upon inferences using LSU D3 sequence data, it is also in a well-supported monophyletic clade with S. guangzhouensis and S. baculum.

模拟酸沉降对鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林地表径流水化学特征的影响

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 模拟酸沉降对鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林地表径流水化学特征的影响 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201209111279 作者: 作者单位: 中国科学院华南植物园 广州,中国科学院华南植物园 广州,中国科学院华南植物园 广州,中国科学院华南植物园 广州,中国科学院华南植物园 广州 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2009CB421101);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA05050205))资助 Effect of simulated acid deposition on chemistry of surface runoff in monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest in Dinghushan Author: Affiliation: South China Botanical Garden,,,,South China Botanical Garden Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:通过模拟酸沉降实验,研究了旱季期间(10-3月份)鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林在4种不同pH模拟酸雨处理(对照、pH 4.0、pH 3.5、pH 3.0)下地表径流水化学输出特征。结果显示:(1)地表径流pH随酸处理强度增强呈"U"型变化模式,酸沉降对地表径流pH的影响不显著(P>0.05),表明模拟酸沉降尚未引起地表水的酸化。(2)地表径流中NO3-、SO42-浓度随酸处理强度增强略有增加;HCO3-浓度的变化模式与地表径流pH类似。酸根离子浓度与地表径流pH相关性分析表明,SO42-、HCO3-有助于提高地表水抗酸化能力而NO3-则有助于促进地表水酸化。(3)地表径流中盐基离子对酸沉降的响应不尽相同。pH 3.0处理显著提高地表径流中Ca2+、Na+浓度;Mg2+浓度具有随酸处理梯度增强而增加的趋势;K+受模拟酸度的影响小。表明强酸(pH 3.0)处理将导致土壤Na+ 、Ca2+、Mg2+盐基离子流失。(4)酸沉降具有诱发土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)流失的倾向,增加地表水受有机污染的风险。 Abstract:The effects of simulated acid deposition on chemical properties of surface runoff were studied in a monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest in Dinghushan Nature Reserve. Four gradients of simulated acid rain treatments with three replications were designed: control (natural lake water, pH 4.5±0.3), pH 4.0, pH 3.5 and pH 3.0. The surface runoff pH, nitric acid (NO3-), sulfuric acid (SO42-), bicarbonate (HCO3-), base cations (K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were detected from October 2011 to March 2012. The result showed that the surface runoff pH was not significantly different among treatments, which exhibited "U" patterns with increasing acid intensity. This suggested the pH was unlikely to decline in a short time. The NO3- and SO42- concentrations increased with acid increment, while HCO3- exhibited the same pattern as the surface runoff pH. According to the correlation between acid ions concentrations and the surface runoff pH, we found that SO42- and HCO3- promoted the ability of anti-acidification, while NO3- was adverse. Base cations responded differently to simulated acid treatments. Ca2+ and Na+ were very sensitive to acid deposition, and their concentrations at pH 3.0 treatment were significantly higher than at other acid treatments. Mg2+ concentration increased with the simulated acid intensity, however, there were not significant differences among different acid treatments. K+, however, was not sensitive to acid treatment. These results indicated that pH 3.0 treatment led to the loss of Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ from the soil. In addition, acid treatments tended to cause dissolved organic carbon (DOC) loss, increasing the risk of organic contamination in the surface runoff. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献