South Asian Immigrant Population Research Articles

Rethinking Methodologies: Implications for Research on International Students

Research in international student success, satisfaction, and challenges seems still to be constructed around the colonial, imperial paradigm. Informed by deficit models of language, culture, and literacy teaching, such research portrays international students’ challenges in terms of deficiency; discounts other languages, cultures, and literacy education; and reinstitutes the progressive and paternalistic role of the West, reifying its linguistic and cultural superiority. This essay interrupts the still dominant narrative that recreates the old binaries in two ways: (a) It frontloads the need to adopt strength-based approaches to counter dominant methodological paradigms from which much of knowledge about culturally and linguistically different/disadvantaged (CLDI) students is derived, and (b) based on my own ethnographic study on a South Asian immigrant population in Canada, it demonstrates that what the old paradigm views as deficits can and should be the very measures from which to appraise student success and satisfaction. Accordingly, the article’s main objectives are twofold: (a) expose the weaknesses of the deficit models of language, culture, and competence and (b) stress the need to reshape international student studies in higher education as a field of inquiry by foregrounding appreciative models and methodologies.

Barriers to Follow Up Care in the South Asian Immigrant Population at High Risk of Acute Coronary Syndrome at Elmhurst Hospital Center.

We studied South Asian immigrant patients who did not return to Elmhurst Hospital Center (EHC) after emergent cardiac catheterization in order to propose interventions to improve follow up care. We identified 74 eligible patients, interviewed 30 about follow up practices, and analyzed findings. Most patients are Bangladeshi and 77% preferred a foreign language. Some were visiting the US during the admission without intent to follow up. Half were dissatisfied with EHC providers, complications, and inadequate care at follow up appointments. Some patients were unaware of scheduled appointments or the necessity of follow up. Most follow with private providers due to language accessibility, availability, and proximity. We found that language barriers contribute to loss to follow up and the true loss to follow up rate is lower than reported at EHC. This can inform practices at hospitals with immigrant populations, minimize resource waste, and improve quality of care.

'Cost, culture and circumstances': Barriers and enablers of health behaviours in South Asian immigrants of Australia.

The health behaviours related to chronic diseases experienced by South Asian immigrants are interrelated with their culture and socioeconomic conditions. South Asian immigrants experience a disproportionate burden of chronic disease compared with non‐immigrants Australian‐born general population. The primary aim of this study was to gain an in‐depth understanding of health behaviours and healthcare access in the South Asian immigrant population of Australia. Five focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with South Asian immigrants (n = 29; 18 females) aged 27–50 years in Brisbane, Australia. Separate FGDs were conducted for males and females in the English language. Semi‐structured guided questions related to the perception, barriers and facilitators of health behaviours. Data were analysed with Nvivo‐12 following a thematic analysis. A conceptual model is proposed to provide a summarised understanding of barriers and facilitators of health behaviours in South Asian immigrants. The major reported constraints for participating in physical activity were cultural beliefs, lack of time, work stress and high fees of fitness activities, while parks and peer modelling were mentioned as a strong motivator for walking, cycling and participating in group sports activities. The cultural and religious connections, cost of cigarettes and drink driving penalties were the most mentioned facilitators for a healthy lifestyle. The important factors related to unhealthy eating habits were the traditional cooking methods, social interactions and the high cost of fruits and vegetables. Community perceptions and language barriers were also acknowledged as the main factors for the decrease in accessing health care services. This study illustrates that cultural beliefs, high cost of healthy food and facilities and social circumstances are mainly linked with the health behaviours and healthcare access in South Asian immigrant's lifestyles.

Comment on de la Monte et al. Betel Quid Health Risks of Insulin Resistance Diseases in Poor Young South Asian Native and Immigrant Populations. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 6690

In September 2020, de la Monte and colleagues published the article "Betel Quid Health Risks of Insulin Resistance Diseases in Poor Young South Asian Native and Immigrant Populations" [...].

Loneliness and mental health outcomes among South Asian older adult immigrants in the United States: a cross‐sectional study

There is growing concern of mental health issues among South Asian immigrant populations, although limited disaggregated data on determinants of these issues exists. The aim of this study was to examine factors associated with mental health outcomes among South Asian older adult immigrants living in New York City (NYC). Data were sourced from a needs assessment among self-identified South Asians aged 60+ conducted by an NYC-based frontline agency and nonprofit organization. Variables assessed included the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, degree of difficulty experienced due to depression, loneliness, emotional distress, as well as sociodemographic, living situation, acculturation, general health, and financial related indicators. Among the 682 responses, 9.4% of participants displayed symptoms of mild or moderate depression (16% of Caribbean-origin, 10% of Pakistani, 9% of Bangladeshi, and 8% of Indian participants). About a third of participants (29.9%) reported feeling lonely sometimes and 39.1% experienced any type of emotional distress. When compared to those with excellent or very good self-rated health, having fair, poor, or terrible self-rated health was associated with a greater adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of having mild or moderate depression (AOR: 8.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 22.09) and experiencing emotional distress (AOR: 3.03, 95% CI: 1.88-4.94). Those experiencing emotional distress were more likely to be younger (AOR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95-1.00) and live alone (AOR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.21-3.53). Findings support the need for tailored mental health interventions targeting concerns, such as poor self-rated health, among South Asian older adult immigrants, as well as specific subpopulations such as Indo-Caribbeans who may be experiencing a disproportionate burden.

Betel Quid Health Risks of Insulin Resistance Diseases in Poor Young South Asian Native and Immigrant Populations.

Betel quid, traditionally prepared with areca nut, betel leaf, and slaked lime, has been consumed for thousands of years, mainly in the form of chewing. Originally used for cultural, medicinal, and ceremonial purposes mainly in South Asian countries, its use has recently spread across the globe due to its psychoactive, euphoric, and aphrodisiac properties. Now it is widely used as a social lubricant and source of financial profit. Unfortunately, the profit motive has led to high rates of habitual consumption with eventual conversion to addiction among young girls and boys. Moreover, the worrisome practice of including tobacco in quid preparations has grown, particularly among pregnant women. Major health concerns include increased rates of malignancy, oral pathology, and cardiovascular, hepatic, fertility, metabolic, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Metabolic disorders and insulin resistance disease states such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome contribute to cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. Mechanistically, the constituents of areca nut/betel quid are metabolized to N-nitroso compounds, i.e., nitrosamines, which are carcinogenic at high doses and cause insulin resistance following chronic low-level exposures. From an epidemiological perspective, the rising tide of insulin resistance diseases including obesity, diabetes, and dementias that now disproportionately burden poor countries has been propagated by rapid commercialization and enhanced access to betel quid. Public health measures are needed to impose socially and ethically responsible barriers to yet another cause of global health disparity.

Eating Bhorthas in America: Exploring Dietary Changes upon Migration Among Bangladeshi Muslims Women in New York City (P04-123-19)

ObjectivesThe United States is experiencing an increased influx of Bangladeshi and Bengali immigrants, yet there is limited research on how migration may affect the traditional diet in this population. Addressing this research need, the present study aimed to: (1) Examine the dietary changes upon migration among Bangladeshi women in New York City (NYC), and (2) Explore the influence of religion (Islam) on the dietary acculturation process. MethodsCross-sectional qualitative study, using semi-structured interviews with 18 Bangladeshi-born, Muslim women, who immigrated to the US within the last 15 years. Interview transcripts were analyzed iteratively using Dedoose to organize and compare themes emerging from the interview. ResultsThe women reported having access to traditional ingredients in NYC, given the expansion of South Asian stores. Drivers for dietary change included trying new foods as part of celebrating American holidays, learning about new foods through their children, and trying new recipes for American and other ethnic foods found through social media. Following Islamic diet laws prevented the women from consumption of pork products, and led them to modify dishes served during American holidays (i.e., Thanksgiving, Memorial Day, Fourth of July, and Labor Day). Changes were also reported in views regarding the healthfulness of Bengali cuisine after migration. These changes included the switch to brown rice instead of white rice, grilling meat rather than frying, and portion control. ConclusionsThis study contributes to understanding of the dietary acculturation process in Bangladeshi- American population, including the influence of religion in the process. The results show that immigrants seek to keep their identities and that food is one of the main ways to keep their memories of their homelands. These findings can be applied to future interventions targeting the growing South Asian immigrant population in the US. Funding SourcesCUNY-Brooklyn College.

Assessing Intimate Partner Violence in South Asian Women Using the Index of Spouse Abuse.

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) affects 21-40% of South Asian (SA) women in the United States. No screening tool has been validated in this population. This study sought to determine the validity of the Index of Spouse Abuse (ISA) as an IPV screening tool and to determine the prevalence of IPV among a SA immigrant population. Thirty-one percent of women screened positive on one or both ISA scales. The ISA-P and ISA-NP items were highly reliable as was the correlation between the ISA-P and ISA-NP scores. The ISA is a valid and reliable IPV screening tool in the SA immigrant population.

If you build it, they will stay: the development of public cricket provision as a construction of social citizenship

Immigration is transforming the United States and cultural diversity is becoming increasingly visible within an emerging poly-ethnic society. Such a challenge to the singularity of cultural assimilation is having policy implications at multiple levels. For municipal parks and recreation departments, this cultural shift presents an extra dimension to the local government role of providing facilities that meet the needs of residents. This paper presents the case study of Church Street Park in Morrisville, North Carolina, which is the site of the first purpose-built cricket facility in the Research Triangle area. Furthermore, this paper argues that a Marshallian framework, albeit in re-conceptualized terms, can elicit the objective and subjective domains of citizenship as constructed through sport participation. Specifically, the development of the cricket field fosters a mono-ethnic and diasporic identity as well as a rich sense of belonging among the growing resident South Asian immigrant population.

A Validated Screening Instrument for Identifying Intimate Partner Violence in South Asian Immigrant Women.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) for South Asian immigrants is prevalent and has many unique sociodemographic and cultural factors associated with it. Current screening instruments do not address the unique cultural factors associated with IPV in this population. The South Asian Violence Screen (SAVS) is a 14-item screening tool for IPV designed based on the specific demographic and cultural issues affecting South Asian immigrant women in the United States. The tool was validated using the Index of Spouse Abuse (ISA), a well-established survey instrument for detecting IPV. The participants in the study included 116 South Asian immigrant women, who were recruited from a medical clinic and two community centers in Chicago, IL. With a prevalence of 23.3% of women reporting physical abuse and 28.4% reporting nonphysical abuse, the negative predictive value of the SAVS compared with the ISA was 0.99 and 0.97 for physical abuse and nonphysical abuse, respectively. When compared with the ISA-physical, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.96 and 0.87, respectively, and when compared with the ISA-nonphysical, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.94 and 0.92, respectively. This study demonstrates that the SAVS is an effective and efficient screening tool in the South Asian immigrant population in Chicago.

Differences in Prevalence of Diabetes among Subgroups of the South Asian Immigrant Population

The prevalence of diabetes is high in South Asian immigrants living in Canada. However, previous research has studied South Asians as a whole. It is important to recognize South Asians in Canada have migrated from various countries in the Indian subcontinent (India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Bangladesh). Further, wide variety of cultures, diets, belief systems, educational attainment and socio-economic status are encompassed among different South Asian sub-groups. The objective of this study was to examine the diabetes prevalence between South Asian subgroups. Provincial health care and Immigration databases were used to compare diabetes prevalence between immigrants from different South Asians countries and the non-immigrant population. There were 431,765 first-generation South Asian immigrants; 68,440 (15.9%) were diabetic. After adjustment for age, sex and income, prevalence rates were highest among South Asians from Sri Lanka (OR 3.10 [95% CI 3.04–3.16]) followed by Bangladesh (OR 2.62 (2.52–2.71), Pakistan (OR 1.96 [1.92–2.00]), India (OR 1.77 [1.76–1.80]) and Nepal (OR 1.11 [0.94–1.30]) in comparison to the non-immigrant population. Striking differences in the prevalence of diabetes are evident among immigrants from different countries of South Asia. Awareness of the heterogeneity may help in recognizing priorities for the development of prevention and management programs for specific South Asian subgroups.

Invisible Voices: An Intersectional Exploration of Quality of Life for Elderly South Asian Immigrant Women in a Canadian Sample.

Despite the emerging presence of South Asian elderly population in Canada, there continues to be a paucity of research concerning the immigration and acculturation experiences of these marginalized elderly populations and their quality of life. This research builds knowledge of the quality of life experiences faced by South Asian elderly immigrant women residing in Canada using an intersectional analytical framework. While there is a gradually developing body of research regarding elder persons globally, the present research is unique in that explores challenges, stresses and strains, and builds an understanding of the treatment of older ethnic minorities and immigrant families. Furthermore, this research has implications for policies and practices governing these growing aging populations. Finally, this research gives voice to a "silenced" and invisible group of elders whose stories may help to make improvements in the quality of living and well-being for the aging South Asian immigrant population in Canada.

Cardiovascular Disease & Cancer Risk Among South Asians: Impact of Sociocultural Influences on Lifestyle and Behavior.

A comprehensive literature review revealed cultural beliefs, societal obligations, and gender roles within the South Asian community to be indirect contributors to the health of South Asian immigrants (SAIs). Health professionals need to increase their work with SAI communities to change less beneficial cultural elements such as misconceptions about health and exercise, and lack of communication when using alternative medicines. Community engaged efforts and continuing medical education are both needed to improve the health of the South Asian immigrant population in a culturally appropriate manner.

INFLUENCE OF ACCULTURATION ON THE BRAND SELECTION OF THE SOUTH ASIAN DIASPORA IN THE UK

It is found throughout the literature that culture is an important influence on consumer behaviour. Those people who migrate to another country belong to a different class of consumers, who is influenced by home or host culture simultaneously. This study is aimed to explore the influence of acculturation on the brand choice of the South Asian immigrants in the UK. This study used a quantitative methodology to test a proposed model, developed with the help of past studies. A survey instrument was developed to collect data from the South Asian immigrant population living in the UK. Structural equation modelling was used to test the hypotheses. The study found that various personal factors like length of stay in the UK and income positively influence the acculturation, while acculturation decreasing with the increasing age among the South Asians in the UK.This study provides an insight about looking beyond the demographic variables while developing strategies to attract the market segments. The brand marketing management in the UK and other western countries while attracting the diaspora should understand the level of acculturation of their target market. The retailers may also consider the consumer cultural profile while deciding their product mix.

PWE-069 Differences in luminal distribution and clinical characteristics of ulcerative colitis in south asians and white british in the north of england: Abstract PWE-068 Table 1

Introduction Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are inflammatory conditions that affect the gastrointestinal tract and may have extra intestinal manifestations. The two main subtypes are Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The incidence of IBD has traditionally been higher in Caucasian populations in Europe, North America and Australia compared to other regions of the world. There is now evidence of increasing incidence in all populations worldwide. Studies from the UK, North America, Malaysia and Singapore have observed a 2–3 times higher incidence of IBD in South Asian immigrant populations compared to local cohorts. However, few studies have described the disease phenotype and mucosal distribution in the South Asian immigrant population. Method Ethics approval was obtained ref: O5/Q1407/274. Patients were recruited prospectively in 11 centres in the North Of England. Inclusion criteria were diagnosis of UC and age >16 years. Exclusion criteria were Diagnosis of IBDU or IDC and Age Results In total 186 South Asians (SA) and 535 White British (WB). In the South Asian cohort males were more likely to be affected compared to White British. South Asians had a younger average age of diagnosis 30 vs. 40 for White British. There were differences in luminal distribution with South Asians more likely to have Extensive Colitis (45% vs. 26%) or Left sided colitis (42% vs. 22%) and White British more likely to have Proctitis (13% vs. 52%). The differences in luminal distribution between groups were highly statistically significant. There was no statistical difference in family history between groups with 21% of South Asians vs. 27% for White British. There was also no statistical difference in need for colectomy between groups (5% for SA vs. 3% for White British). Also there was no statistical difference in the presence of EIM’s 6% for SA vs. 5% for White British. Conclusion There are significant differences in luminal distribution and age of diagnosis between groups. South Asians had a younger age of onset and more extensive colitis, but the relatively low rate of colectomy and EIM’s which suggest a less severe disease phenotype. In addition the younger age of onset and extensive disease in South Asians may influence risk of colorectal cancer in the future. These differences may represent differences in disease pathogenesis in particular genetic susceptibility or environmental factors. This information will help inform current and future genotype studies. Disclosure of interest None Declared.

PTH-047 Differences in luminal distribution and clinical characteristics of crohn’s disease in south asians and white british in the north of england

<h3>Introduction</h3> Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are inflammatory conditions that affect the gastrointestinal tract and may have extra intestinal manifestations. The two main subtypes are Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The incidence of IBD has traditionally been higher in Caucasian populations in Europe, North America and Australia compared to other regions of the world. There is now evidence of increasing incidence in all populations worldwide. Studies from the UK, North America, Malaysia and Singapore have observed a 2–3 times higher incidence of IBD in South Asian immigrant populations compared to local cohorts. However, few studies have described the diseas phenotype and mucosal distribution in the South Asian immigrant population. <h3>Method</h3> Ethics approval was obtained ref: O5/Q1407/274. Patients were recruited prospectively in 11 centres in the North Of England. Inclusion criteria were diagnosis of CD and age &gt;16 years. Exclusion criteria were Diagnosis of IBDU or IDC and Age &lt;16 years. Information was collected from using a standard clinical proforma. Data was stored on and analysed on a FileMaker Pro database. Chi Squared analysis was used to compare groups. <h3>Results</h3> In total, 128 South Asians (SA) and 426 White British. In the South Asian cohort more males than females were affected compared to White British cohort, which had the opposite trend. South Asians were most likely to be diagnosed with Colonic disease (L2) compared to White British (50% vs. 24% respectively), which was highly statistically significant (p = 1 × 10^–6). Differences in each luminal distribution group (L1–L4) were statistically significant in both groups. In addition differences in disease behaviour were statistically significant for B1 and B2 disease but was not significant for B3 disease. South Asians were less likely to be diagnosed over the age of 40 (A3) compared to White British which was statistically significant (p = 0.02). There was no statistical difference in positive family history or EIM’s between groups. South Asians were less likely to need surgery compared to Caucasians (29% vs. 58%), which was highly significant. <h3>Conclusion</h3> There are significant differences in luminal distribution, age of diagnosis and need for surgery between groups. South Asians are less likely to need surgery suggests a less severe phenotype compared to White British. These differences may represent differences in disease pathogenesis in particular genetic susceptibility or environmental factors. This information will help inform current and future genotype studies. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.

Elevated HbA1c levels in individuals not diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in Qatar: a pilot study.

Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Qatar and the Middle East is one of the highest in the world. It is estimated that about one quarter of the individuals with tbl2D are undiagnosed. Elevated HbA1c levels are an indicator of tbl2D or a pre-diabetic state. In this study we set out to examine which factors, such as anthropometric and socio-demographic risk factors, are associated with elevated HbA1c levels in a population without tbl2D. Methods: We examined 191 subjects with no record of tbl2D. Anthropometrics and HbA1c were measured. Socio-demographic (age, gender, ethnicity and educational level) and health information were assessed through questionnaires. Elevated HbA1c levels were defined as >6.0% (>42 mmol/mol). Individual risk factors were examined in relationship to having elevated HbA1c levels using logistic regression. Results: Thirty-eight (20%) study participants had elevated HbA1c levels. Participants from South Asian and Filipino descent were more likely to present with elevated HbA1c levels than Arab participants (adjusted odds ratios (OR): 13.30 (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.24, 41.79), p < 0.001 for South Asian and 4.54 (95% CI: 1.04, 19.83), p = 0.04 for Filipinos). A body mass index of above 30 kg/m2 was associated with elevated HbA1c levels (adjusted OR: 2.90 (95% CI: 1.29, 6.51), p = 0.01). Neither gender nor educational level was associated with elevated HbA1c levels. Conclusions: Elevated HbA1c levels in individuals not diagnosed with diabetes were most frequently found in the South Asian and Filipino immigrant population. Special attention should therefore be given to the early identification of tbl2D in these subjects.

UNDERSTANDING DEMENTIA AMONG THE BANGLADESHI COMMUNITY IN ENGLAND

Background: Despite a growing ageing South Asian immigrant population in England, little is known about the experiences of diagnosis and care for those living with dementia. Dementia in the South Asian ethnic groups has been characterized as ‘a hidden problem in a hidden population’ within a considerably marginalized group and for which the existing literature is limited. Worldwide, there have been a number of small, qualitative studies among South Asian people living with dementia. Consolidation through qualitative meta-synthesis can: (1) merge the experiences of a number of participants across studies to reveal fresh insights, (2) provide an enhanced understanding of the experience, (3) reduce replication by identifying gaps in current literature and (4) generate new research questions. Methods: Following a systematic search of the literature, included qualitative studies were assessed by two independent reviewers for methodological quality. Data were extracted using the Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument (QARI) developed by The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Findings were synthesized using JBI approach of meta-synthesis by meta-aggregation. Results: Synthesis from thirteen papers were aggregated into six meta-synthesis themes as: (1) Poor awareness and understanding of dementia, (2) Permeated stigma and shame, (3) Burdens or blessings of family caring? (4) Healthcare decision making power within family, (5) Food as coping mechanisms, (6) Attitudes to current and future provision of dementia care services. Conclusions: One research gap was identified using the population framework where despite increasing number of older people from the Bangladeshi community in England, little or no specific research has been carried out on their understanding and management of dementia. Yet, Bangladeshis have higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes and heart disease; both are important indicators of developing dementia in old age. In addition, in England they have lowest education rates, highest smoking rates, poorest socio-economic and worst health positions risk factors for underdiagnosis, poor access to healthcare services and support. The synthesis (1st part) findings will inform the research questions of the 2nd and 3rd parts of the study; focus groups interviews with adults of Bangladeshi origin people without dementia of all ages (18+ years, with no upper age limit) across all socio-economic backgrounds and semi- structure qualitative interviews with Bangladeshi older people living with dementia, their family carers/ significant others respectively.

South Asian populations in Canada: migration and mental health.

BackgroundSouth Asian populations are the largest visible minority group in Canada; however, there is very little information on the mental health of these populations. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence rates and characteristics of mental health outcomes for South Asian first-generation immigrant and second-generation Canadian-born populations.MethodsThe Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) 2011 was used to calculate the estimated prevalence rates of the following mental health outcomes: mood disorders, anxiety disorders, fair-poor self-perceived mental health status, and extremely stressful life stress. The characteristics associated with these four mental health outcomes were determined through multivariate logistic regression analysis of merged CCHS 2007–2011 data.ResultsSouth Asian Canadian-born (3.5%, 95% CI 3.4-3.6%) and South Asian immigrant populations (3.5%, 95% CI 3.5-3.5%) did not vary significantly in estimated prevalence rates of mood disorders. However, South Asian immigrants experienced higher estimated prevalence rates of diagnosed anxiety disorders (3.4%, 95% CI 3.4-3.5 vs. 1.1%, 95% CI 1.1-1.1%) and self-reported extremely stressful life stress (2.6%, 95% CI 2.6-2.7% vs. 2.4%, 95% CI 2.3-2.4%) compared to their Canadian-born counterparts. Lastly, South Asian Canadian-born populations had a higher estimated prevalence rate of poor-fair self-perceived mental health status (4.4%, 95% CI 4.3-4.5%) compared to their immigrant counterparts (3.4%, 95% CI 3.3-3.4%). Different profiles of mental health determinants emerged for South Asian Canadian-born and immigrant populations. Female gender, having no children under the age of 12 in the household, food insecurity, poor-fair self-rated health status, being a current smoker, immigrating to Canada before adulthood, and taking the CCHS survey in either English or French was associated with greater risk of negative mental health outcomes for South Asian immigrant populations, while not being currently employed, having a regular medical doctor, and inactive physical activity level were associated with greater risk for South Asian Canadian-born populations.ConclusionsMental health outreach programs need to be cognizant of the differences in prevalence rates and characteristics of mental health outcomes for South Asian immigrant and Canadian-born populations to better tailor mental health services to be responsive to the unique mental health needs of South Asian populations in Canada.

PTU-060 Phenotypic Characterisation of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in South Asians in the United Kingdom-Insights into a Shifting Landscape

IntroductionThe aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains elusive. The increasing incidence of IBD in developing countries and immigrant populations appears to outpace what genetic influences alone could instigate. There...