The purpose of this study is to analyze the rates of R&D investments and taxes levied on profits of firms that can optimize the labor productivity of nations. Statistical evidence, based on OECD data, reveals that high rates of R&D intensity and tax on corporate profits do not maximize the labor productivity of nations. In particular, the models here suggest that the R&D intensity equal to about 2.5% and tax on corporate profits equal to 3.1% of GDP seem to maximize the labor productivity of nations. Beyond these optimal thresholds, the labor productivity begins to decrease. These results can be explained by the curvilinear relationship between labor productivity and R&D intensity, and between labor productivity and tax on corporate profits. Some environmental determinants of these results are discussed. Overall, then, these findings can clarify whenever possible, some sources of labor productivity and suggest an industrial policy of optimal rates of R&D intensity and tax on corporate profits (as percentage of GDP) to support competitive advantage, technological innovation and wealth creation of nations over time.