Source Of Funds For Investment Research Articles

Remittances, institutional quality and investment in Sub-Saharan Africa

PurposeThis paper investigates the relationship between remittances, institutional quality and investment in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries using data from 2004 to 2018.Design/methodology/approachThe two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimator is the main methodology used, while the system generalized method of moments (Sys-GMM) technique is employed to test the robustness of the results.FindingsThe results show a positive and significant impact of remittances on investment in SSA. The findings further reveal a substitutional linkage between remittances and institutions in promoting investment. In essence, remittances serve as investment capital in countries with poor institutions. The results also show that the marginal significance of remittances as a source of funds for investment decreases in countries with well-developed institutions.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample excludes some of the SSA countries due to the unavailability of data.Practical implicationsIn the face of current institutional weaknesses, there is a need for SSA countries to prioritize policies that encourage the effective use of remittances for business activities. Furthermore, SSA countries must improve their economic freedom and democratic practices by reducing government size, protecting property rights, and promoting respect for political and civil rights.Originality/valueThis is the first study to analyze the relationship between remittances, institutional quality and investment in SSA. It also provides a novel framework for future research on the remittance–investment nexus.

USAHA PENINGKATAN KUALITAS LINGKUNGAN HIDUP BERDASAR ANALISIS KELAYAKAN INVESTASI DALAM BELANJA MODAL

The study was carried out explain the feasibility of the investment plan for additional garbage truck by Banjarmasin Environmental Service, viewed from the investment criteria assessment namely in the term of technical, social and econimic feasibility.
 It was a quantitative descriptive study. The data obtained in the form of Budget Execution Document, Local Revenue Receipt Report, Waste Retribution, and direct interview. The analysis technique is: knowing the source of investment funds, creating a forecast of retribution income during the economic age, making a forecast of operating cost over economic age, evaluating investment proposal with technical analysis, social and economic using NPV, IRR, CBA.
 The result indicated that (1) From the result of technical aspect and social aspects, the government investment investment for additional garbage truck is feasible to implement. (2) Net Present Value (NPV) method with a social discount rate 9% results negative NPV of Rp.-764.123.860. It means that the investment for additional garbage truck is not feasible. (3) The value of Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is not able to be found since the present value of cost is all negative. So, a positive NPV cannot be found. (4) From Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) method, comparison result between benefit/cost yields a number of 0.49 which means less than 1. Thus, the feasibility analysis of the investment for additional garbage truck is not feasible.

Analysis of the Foreign Trade and Gross Domestic Product Effect on Foreign Direct Investment using Panel Data Regression Estimation

Investment is one of the components that determines a country's economic growth. Sources of investment funds can be seen through two approaches, domestic investment and foreign investment. One of the promising components of foreign investment is Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). FDI is considered more valuable for the country because it is more long-term in nature. This study aims to see the effect of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and export-import as foreign trade activities on FDI, through estimation with panel data regression model. The data used is data from 20 countries with observation period from 2009 to 2018. With the Random Effect Model as the best model, which the estimators also qualify the BLUE estimator. it can be concluded that partially the GDP variable has no significant effect. Meanwhile, exports have a significant positive effect and imports have a significant negative effect on FDI.

Farm Level Capital Formation in Agriculture: Pattern and Sources of Investment in Southern Karnataka

Farm level capital formation by farmers is largely for the creation of productive assets. An understanding of pattern of investment on capital assets and the source of funds for investment at farm level has greater significance in the present context from the point of view of agricultural development. With this background, the study aims at analysing the farm level agricultural investment in Southern Karnataka specifically focusing on progressive (Tumakuru) and less progressive (Ramanagara) agriculture districts with an objective understanding the pattern of investment and source of funds at farm level. The study revealed that, a lion share was accounted by investment on irrigation structures, livestock and farm machinery and implements, across all type of farms in both progressive and less progressive regions. However, magnitude of investment was different across the region. On an average, in both progressive area and less progressive area, large farmers invested greater amount on farm assets per farm followed by irrigated farmers, small farmers and rainfed farmers. In the progressive area, the irrigation development was the preferred area of investment, where as in less progressive area, it was the livestock. The small and rainfed farmers depended on borrowed funds for investing in assets. In progressive area, institution source of funds played a major role than the non- institutional source of funds and vice versa in less progressive area. On the other hand, the large and irrigated farmers, because of their resource base, made investment from their own sources.

Оцінка компонентної структури господарського потенціалу Карпатського регіону

The economic potential of the region characterize its possible development; It is important to use the complex territorial resources, existing and future structure of its economy, geographical location; goal – improving the quality of life of the region. Purpose.Important research problems at present is the assessment component of the economic development of the region and identify potential development. Evaluation component structure of economic potential of the Carpathian region will improve the management of the region, the adoption of appropriate administrative decisions. Data&Methods. By itself, without the potential use of goal does not exist; investigating any potential always mean something which requires provisions and capabilities to achieve any result. Given this, and given the data of regional statistics to assess the structure of the economic potential of the Carpathian region we distinguish the following components: production capacity, investment and innovation potential, employment potential, financial potential. Results.To assess the production potential of the Carpathian region we used indicators: the volume of industrial products manufactured in the region; the volume of agricultural products;imports of goods and services are data on gross regional product. In 2015 there was a decrease of per formance to 10%. The investment potential of the region – a set of own and borrowed funds. In the Carpathian region the main source of funding for investments in fixed assets are own funds of enterprises and organizations. The employment potential of the region is reflected in the labor force. The Carpathian region has surplus manpower. In the last two years are significant problems with the formation of financial capacity. We believe you need to solve the problem of regional potential. To do this, select how increasing economic potential should be based on problem-oriented (targeted) estimates. For topical Carpathian region is the development of recreational areas. So we stopped at the eco-economic potential of the region. It is a combination of available natural resources and the natural environment. The Carpathian region has significant recreational, forestry, water resources; compared with other regions of Ukraine has a favorable environmental situation for the development of recreation and tourism, green tourism. Important economic value for the Carpathian region have environmental and economic factors: the landscape (take a large part of the Carpathian Mountains), geographical location, climate, resources, mineral water (336 sources).

Trading on gender: the perversity of Asian labour exports as an economic development strategy

The Philippines, Sri Lanka and Indonesia have promoted female labour migration as a strategy for generating export revenue in the form of income remittances in order to relieve external balance problems and as a source of investment funds. This strategy has relied largely on these countries' exploitation of their comparative advantage in the supply of workers for low-paid service sector work, and especially domestic work, on limited-term work permits and on conditions of employment that leave women vulnerable to a range of abuses. Labour market disadvantage has become institutionalised in this global labour market and, while there has been substantial growth in its scale, the evidence that labour exports provide the basis for delivering and maintaining economic benefits for individuals or the broader economy is questionable.

Information and Telecommunications Technology Infrastructures in Romania

The European Union is embarking on a massive expansion over the coming 3 years. Among the candidate countries is Romania slated for accession in 2007. Joining the EU is expected to promote Romania's economic growth, provide access to western technology, increase employment and attract foreign investments. The EU placed expectations on Romania as well. This article examines Romania's national information and telecommunications technology infrastructures (NII) in the country's bid for EU accession, its investment needs in order to improve the NII, expected payoffs from NII improvements, and potential sources of investment funds for the project. The authors propose possible solutions in order to update the country's NII.

Measuring Information Technology's Indirect Impact on Firm Performance

It has been recognized that the link between information technology (IT) investment and firm performance is indirect due to the effect of mediating and moderating variables. For example, in the banking industry, the IT-value added activity helps to effectively generate funds from the customer in the forms of deposits. Profits then are generated by using deposits as a source of investment funds. Traditional efficiency models, such as data envelopment analysis (DEA), can only measure the efficiency of one specific stage when a two-stage production process is present. We develop an efficiency model that identifies the efficient frontier of a two-stage production process linked by intermediate measures. A set of firms in the banking industry is used to illustrate how the new model can be utilized to (i) characterize the indirect impact of IT on firm performance, (ii) identify the efficient frontier of two principal value-added stages related to IT investment and profit generation, and (iii) highlight those firms that can be further analyzed for best practice benchmarking.

Enhancing water policy discussions by including analysis of non-water inputs and farm-level constraints

Water resource professionals have many opportunities to contribute to policy discussions regarding agricultural productivity. Often those discussions are focused on increasing the output generated with limited water supplies, such as maximizing the “crop per drop” or improving irrigation efficiencies, either at the field level or throughout a river basin. Policy discussions involving water resources in developing countries can be enhanced by placing greater emphasis on the roles of non-water inputs and resource constraints in farm-level production and marketing decisions. Three categories of policies that lie outside the water resource realm, but have substantial impacts on water use and agricultural productivity, are examined: (1) policies that modify farm-level input and output prices directly; (2) international trade policies; and (3) policies that modify key institutions, such as land tenure and the sources of investment funds.

A re‐examination of Lardy‐Donnithorne debate in the provincial context of Guangdong, 1949–1992

This paper re‐examines the Lardy—Donnithorne debate in the provincial context of Guangdong. The study period is from 1949 to 1992. In the first place, the adequacy of provincial capital investment is evaluated against its population and national income shares. Secondly, it examines the capital construction investment from the administrative perspective with capital construction projects classified into central, ministry‐supported and local projects. Thirdly, it looks at the relationship from the financial perspective through a breakdown of capital construction investment by sources of investment funds, that is, state appropriation, domestic loans, foreign investment and self‐raised funds and others. Fourthly, the central‐local relationship is scrutinized through the fiscal relationship between the central and Guangdong governments. Lastly, extra‐budgetary funds data, whenever available, are also analyzed. The paper finds that the centripetal and centrifugal forces in Guangdong have always been in dynamic and precarious balance both before and after the Open Policy.

PROFITS, INVESTMENT AND BUSINESS FLUCTUATIONS

ABSTRACTIn this paper we analyze the impact of profits on investment in a simple Kaleckian investment model in which profits and capacity determine the level of investment. The analysis leads to the following conclusions. In the first place, the estimated impact of profits on investment behaviour in the Netherlands has diminished in the 1980s. The impact of the stock of capital on investment has remained constant in our sample period. In the second place, it can be observed that the impact of both profits and capital on investment is countercyclical. In periods of boom entrepreneurs prefer public capital markets as a source of investment funds, whereas in a recession they primarily rely on cheaper internal funds.

Estimates of Tax-Favored Retirement Saving Behavior of the Self-Employed

Self-employment activity has increased in the United States in recent years, and this growth has expanded the role of saving by self-employed workers as a source of funds for investment. A major if not the primary motive for saving by the self-employed is to provide for income during retirement. Retirement saving via Keogh plans receives preferential tax treatment not unlike that accorded IRAs, yet Keogh saving behavior has generally been overlooked in econometric research. This article presents empirical estimates of the determinants of the decision to participate in a Keogh savings plan and the amount of annual contributions to the plan.

Capital Formation in Egyptian Industry and Agriculture, 1882-1967.

Current interest in the measurement of capital stems from its importance as a symptom and a cause of economic growth. For this purpose capital is understood in the real sense, and we are interested in it as a factor of production and the contribution it makes to output. Lack of quantitative enquiries into the historical pattern of Egypt's economic growth in general, and long-term estimates of capital formation in particular, account for the fact that the role played by real capital in the process of growth is quite uncertain and not very well understood. It is the primary objective of this study, therefore, to draw on available statistics in order to measure gross and net fixed capital formation and capital stock in Egyptian agriculture and industry, at current and constant (1960) prices, covering the period 1882-1967. The estimation procedure involved the application in the first place of the commodity-flow approach, and wherever data were available, the expenditure approach was also followed. The emphasis is almost exclusively on one aspect of capital formation; yearly capital accumulation in terms of additions to fixed capital stock. Consequently, little attention is given here to both the sources of investment funds and the determinants of investment decisions, An attempt is also made in this study to describe the long-term trends in the rate and structure of capital accumulation and to outline the broad economic, institutional and historical factors affecting the rate and pattern of growth of capital formation in agriculture and industry. Moreover, the two sectors are discussed together in order to compare their performance and contrast the types of structural change that took place. Finally, the study concludes by some speculation on the general pattern of growth of the Egyptian economy as a whole.

The Financing of Public Investment in Communist China

For underdeveloped countries bent on accelerating their economic development, there are two alternatives: one is a mixed economy compatible with democracy, the other is planned development under totalitarianism. What has been happening in Communist China during the past few years is a striking example of the latter case, and its degree of success will undoubtedly have far-reaching influences on other economically backward countries desiring rapid economic development. Since rapid economic development is unattainable without substantial investment, the sources of investment funds are of crucial importance in the whole development program. The purpose of this paper is to explore how public investment was financed in Communist China, and to estimate which population groups bore the burden of such financing.