Sources Of Financial Resources Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF SHIPPING FINANCING SOURCES IN THE CONTEXT OF UNCERTAINTY

The article is aimed at identifying the peculiarities of financing shipping under conditions of uncertainty and analysing the sources of financing of shipping companies. Methodology. This study is based on the analysis of trends in the socio-economic, military-political and environmental situation, which cause global uncertainty and limit the ability of shipping companies to obtain external financing. The article compares the Petrofin Global Ship Finance Index with the dynamics of seaborne trade volumes for the period from 2008 to 2022, determines the correlation coefficient of these indicators and identifies the leaders among the banks-creditors of the shipping industry in terms of the volume of shipping loans in the loan portfolio. Results. The study shows a direct correlation between the shortage of shipping financing and the three main forms of global uncertainty. The results of comparing the Petrofin index with the growing dynamics of seaborne trade indicate a decrease in the role of banks and an increase in the role of alternative sources to cover the shortfall in shipping financing, such as raising resources from capital markets, financial and leasing companies, private equity funds, private equity and venture capital investments, investment platforms, hedge funds, state capital, and capital from international organisations. The main reasons for the change in the structure of shipping companies' funding sources are the conservative lending policy of banks in the crisis, tighter regulation, higher interest rates, lending only to borrowers with a positive credit history, and increased loan collateral requirements. Instead, the advantages of alternative sources of financing are flexibility, speed, less regulation compared to banks, the ability to provide large volumes, new types and forms of financing, and more competitive rates. Practical implications. The volatile external environment complicates the process of finding financing for shipping companies, which directly affects fleet renewal, the increase in the cost of ship construction and refurbishment, and the digital and environmental modernisation of shipping. Therefore, shipping companies should diversify their sources of financial resources, have a margin of safety in equity, and redistribute their borrowing portfolio between bank loans and alternative forms of financing. Value/Originality. The analysis of traditional and alternative sources of financing for shipping in the context of macroeconomic instability allows to identify key trends in investment policy towards shipping companies, to identify the specific needs of shipping companies in the face of various forms of global uncertainty and to outline the features of the most common sources of financing.

Devising approaches to modeling enterprise business processes under conditions of modern digital technologies

A study was conducted on modeling business processes at an enterprise under the conditions of modern digital technologies, which could make it possible to determine the level of digitization at the enterprise in general, minimize costs, optimize work, and enable business processes automation. The main and most important business processes at an enterprise require simulation on basic digital technologies. As part of the research, the main business processes at an enterprise under the conditions of digital technologies were formed, which make it possible to determine the level of efficiency of the enterprise from the implemented digital technologies and the ways that the enterprise should implement to improve it. It has been established that digitalization has a positive effect on a country's GDP level, the level of employment, and the growth of the population's well-being. A methodical approach to the formation of the company's strategy based on the modeling of business processes, taking into account digital technologies, has been devised. This approach, unlike existing ones, makes it possible to determine the necessary level of digitization and identify the scope of implementation of the implementation of digital technologies at the enterprise. This makes it possible to assess digitization at an enterprise and determine the most important business processes for its operation. Practical implementation of the proposed methodology was carried out for four transport industry enterprises. The most important business processes for enterprises have been determined. According to the results of the study, it was found that digital modeling and optimization of business processes has the greatest impact, which is (3.00) and shows the level of effectiveness of the implementation of digital technologies, as well as their orientation to the search for appropriate sources of financial resources

Factors related to satisfaction with community-based home aging services in Shandong, China.

This study investigated the satisfaction of current community-based home care services and its factors in adults aged ≥60 years. Using stratified cluster random sampling, we surveyed 1,494 older adults in Jinan and Qingdao, Shandong province, between 2021 and 2023. The baseline and satisfaction surveys were designed by our research team, and the questionnaires were conducted in the form of structured interviews. Kruskal-Wallis H-test and Logistic regression analysis were used to explore the influencing factors of satisfaction. The satisfaction was mainly affected by age (p = 0.007), marital status (p < 0.001), pre-retirement occupation (p = 0.003), economic source (p < 0.001), and mode of residence (p = 0.001) in the study of 1,494 older adults. Under the influence of multiple factors, the evaluation of older adults services, married [OR = 4.039, 95% CI: 1.176-13.877] were more inclined to be average, and their occupations were agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, and water production workers [OR = 0. 237, 95% CI: 0.068-0.819] and production and transportation equipment operators and related personnel [OR = 0.153, 95% CI: 0.024-0.966] or [OR = 0.153, 95% CI: 0.029-0.820] tended to be more dissatisfied. The satisfaction level of community-based home care services is relatively high among older adults, and it is mainly affected by factors such as age, marital status, pre-retirement occupation, source of financial resources, and mode of residence. Addressing the emotional needs of older adults, lowering the cost of aging, and integrating health care and aging seamlessly are among the ongoing challenges that we need to tackle.

ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИЯ КАК ЭФФЕКТИВНЫЙ ФАКТОР УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННОЙ КУЛЬТУРОЙ

The alignment of the organization values with the employees values contributes to achieving the strategic goals of the organization. In order to strengthen the competitive advantages and increase the motivation of the organization’s employees, it is necessary to constantly improve the organizational culture of personnel management. The article considers the concept of organizational culture in an organization from the positions of different authors, studies indicators for evaluating organizational culture, factors affecting it, and in order to improve the organizational culture of personnel management in the context of digital transformation, it is important to use digital technologies in the personnel management system, which leads to the evolution of relations between the organization and personnel, as well as the openness of people’s lives. Digital technologies are changing management’s views on business processes and management decision-making. The level of organizational culture affects the competitiveness of an organization and its profitability. Improving the digital culture of an enterprise is impossible without a systematic approach, which determines the investments inflow into the human capital of the organization, namely in the development of skills, increasing the intellectual capabilities of staff, and professional development. So in that case, the systematic approach considers a human resource as an object that consists of several elements interacting with each other. Human capital is a source of financial resources, which, as a result of capitalization, brings additional income to itself and the organization. Employees of the organization receive only positive emotions from work, satisfaction and the opportunity to realize their goals and ambitions, openness, transparency in their daily work. Digitalization provides an opportunity for the development of each project participant in the organization in compliance with established rules and regulations In conclusion, the author summarizes the results and describes the issues that can be solved through the digitalization of the enterprise organizational culture.

Management concept «financial sustainability»: analysis and determination criteria in the conditions of sustainable development of territorial communities

Introduction. An important element of the implementation of the concept of sustainable development in Ukraine and the process of decentralization is the modernization of the financial mechanism and the formation of financially capable territorial communities.&#x0D; Purpose. The purpose of the article is to research theoretical approaches to the definition of criteria and methods of analysis of financial stability as the main concept of management of territorial communities in conditions of sustainable development.&#x0D; Methods. To achieve this, general scientific and special research methods are used: analysis and synthesis, comparison and generalization, structural-logical, economic- mathematical and coefficient analysis.&#x0D; Results. The proposed methodology for analyzing the financial stability of territorial communities covers two components: assessment of the level of financial stability, which involves the calculation of relative and absolute indicators and comparison of assets and sources of their financing; the analysis of the financial stability reserve involves the determination of the safety zone, financial and operational leverage, and the critical scope of implementation. The algorithm for determining the financial stability of a territorial community includes the use of a balance sheet model of financial equilibrium, the definition of a three-component indicator, and the finding of optimal degrees of coverage of sources of financial support. Attention is focused on the need to choose coefficients that best characterize individual features of the activity of a specific business entity.&#x0D; Prospects. Financial stability, in addition to quantitative indicators of financial activity, has a significant impact on qualitative characteristics such as: professionalism of management personnel, quality production or provision of services, image on the market, satisfaction of employees and consumers with the quality of life, implementation of innovative ways of attracting various sources of financial resources, etc. the analysis of which requires the use of other research methods, which will be the subject of our further research.

ФАКТОРЫ И ИСТОЧНИКИ ФИНАНСОВЫХ РЕСУРСОВ БЮДЖЕТНОГО УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯ

The article discusses issues on factors and sources of financial resources in a municipal budgetary institution. Municipal budgetary institutions, providing services to legal entities and individuals, receive financial resources or funds. Sources of financing are budgetary funds and extra-budgetary funds received from various other sources other than budgetary funds. The factors that practically form the financial resources of municipal budgetary institutions are the number of municipal services provided and the cost of one conventional unit of services. Particular attention is focused on the dependence of changes in the factors of formation of financial resources on the sources of financing in the municipal budgetary institution. The article also points out that in the provision of services, practical, effective indicators of the quality of services have not been developed, especially for agricultural producers.

Economic and legal bases of the Carpathian Euroregion development during the COVID-19 pandemic (Hungary, Slovakia, Poland, Ukraine)

The article dwells upon the history of the Carpathian Euroregion as the form of a cross-border cooperation. The peculiarities of the economic development of the Carpathian Euroregion before the COVID-19 pandemic were considered. The main ways of obtaining financial resources for the development of the Euroregion economy were identified. The structure of the Carpathian Euroregion and the system of normative legal acts regulating the activity of this association were analyzed. The main consequences and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economic development of the Carpathian Euroregion were identified. Priority measures and activities for tourism development in the Carpathian Euroregion were discussed. The expediency of creating a tourist brand of the Euroregion and the need to promote tourism in the Euroregion at the international level were argued. The main international projects and programs of the Carpathian Euroregion regarding the cooperation between the states of the EU were studied. Proposals were made to improve the investment attractiveness of the Carpathian Euroregion and to overcome the consequences of the pandemic. The need to create a separate authority that will operate independently and ensure active communication in the Euroregion was established. It will also help find new sources of financial resources, develop a set of measures to support small and medium businesses, connections between the territories of the Euroregion and ensure an effective border and customs regime in the Carpathian Euroregion.

Institutional environment of financial regulation of social innovations

The increasing attention to social innovations in recent years has been caused by the search for alternative ways to solve the problems of the public sector, transformational processes in socio-economic systems taking place under the influence of accelerating technological progress, as well as increased interest and participation of economic agents in solving these problems, including through financial regulation. The purpose of the article is to develop theoretical ideas about the institutional environment of financial regulation of social innovations as a key tool for solving socio-economic problems caused by the increase in external and internal challenges and threats due to the increasing complexity of international relations, the risks of imbalance of the country's financial system, the growth of poverty and social inequality. As a result of the research, the following factors have been identified: factors affecting the stability of the institutional environment of financial regulation of social innovations; specific functions characterizing the institutional environment of financial regulation of social innovations; the main directions of influence of the state as the main subject of the institutional environment of financial regulation of social innovations; the subject-institutional composition of participants in the social innovation process. The effectiveness of social innovations is directly dependent on the development of the relevant institutional environment and the well-functioning mechanism of interaction of the subjects of the socio-innovation process. In this regard, further development and transformation of the institutional environment of financial regulation of social innovations should be aimed at creating conditions for stable functioning and regulation of social innovation activities, involving the widest possible range of stakeholders in it, expanding access to the necessary sources of financial resources.

Новые задачи и новые возможности экономического роста

The growth of the global economy and the advancement of leading countries is considered to be on the rise in 2023, but overall dynamic has slowed significantly. At the same time, central banks of developed countries continue to raise rates, limiting opportunities for economic growth. It is noted that under new conditions the issue of strengthening the internal mechanisms of economic development is becoming more urgent. Under sanctions the Russian economy is faced with fundamentally new circumstances and other challenges, which requires additional levers of regulation and economic support. The need to support economic growth based on domestic demand factors, the creation of new sources of financial resources and new mechanisms for their formation are emphasized. Nevertheless, it becomes more important to provide the economy with long-term money to finance investments accessible to a wider range of market participants; a stable and non-depreciating ruble exchange rate is advisable, etc. All this requires a significant modification of monetary and financial approaches.

The main vectors of changes in local budgets in the context of budget decentralization and martial law

Implementation of regional problems of socio-economic development of territories depends on the efficiency of local authorities. An important factor in the implementation of these programs is the sufficiency of their own financial resources at their disposal. This problem had to be overcome by the reform of budget decentralization, according to which each local authority should provide a decent level of primary and basic public services for the population. Russian military aggression added even more problems to local communities: causing mass migration and stopping business, the need to solve humanitarian, communal, migration problems, and rebuild destroyed housing. In 2015–2022, the structure of local budget revenues changed: the share of transfers in revenues and the share of subventions in the total amount of transfers decreased. This was influenced by the following factors: changes in the payment of a single tax, personal income tax deductions to local budgets, cancellation of medical and some social subsidies, cancellation of transfer of reverse subsidy. Factors that influenced the structure of the revenue base of local budgets also affected their spending part. The change in the composition of interbudgetary transfers is directly related to the reduction of spending powers of local authorities and the change in the mechanism of financing budget programs in the field of education, health care, social protection and social security. However, the decrease in the share of local budget expenditures on the social sphere occurred at a slower pace than the decrease in the amount of subventions to local budgets for these purposes. This indicates the growing role of local budgets in financing programs of local importance and is a positive result of the budget decentralization reform. The full-scale war of 2022 showed how financially stable local authorities are and whether they are able to withstand any changes in the financing of their powers with dignity. After all, the local government, in addition to continuing to provide public services at a high level, has taken on additional responsibilities: ensuring territorial defense activities, assisting the Armed Forces, supporting relocated businesses, assisting internally displaced persons, preparing shelters, etc. Of course, such opportunities were influenced by the reform of budget decentralization, which enabled local authorities to obtain their own sources of financial resources, which played a key role in facing challenges.

Discovery and Arrangement of Nizhny Novgorod Public Widow’s House name of Blinovs and Bugrovs in Late XIX — Early XX Centuries

The article is devoted to the organization and cherishing of the Nizhny Novgorod city public name of the Blinovs and Bugrovs of the Widow’s House at the end of the 19th — beginning of the 20th century. The relevance of the study is due to the intensification of entrepreneurial activity and private initiative in the field of charity in modern Russia, the emergence of numerous charitable organizations and foundations, and the need to get acquainted with historical experience. The history of the construction and opening of the Widow’s House, active interaction in this process with the Nizhny Novgorod City Duma are traced in the article. Based on the charter and reports of the institution, its goals, objectives, management structure, sources of financial resources, forms of assistance to those in need are considered. The author shows the quantitative, class and age composition of the detainees, their marital status, types of occupations. Expenditure of funds (heating, lighting, repairs, purchase of food and equipment, salaries to employees, school), sources and forms of donations (charitable foundations, contributions from individuals, free meals, events, gifts) are covered in detail. The author comes to the conclusion that the Widow’s House in Nizhny Novgorod is a unique charitable institution of its time, the public need for which only increased. Thus, the second half of the 19th — the beginning of the 20th century was a period of private initiative in the matter of social security with significant support from local governments.

FINANCIAL DECENTRALIZATION IN UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN TRENDS

Decentralization is considered one of the most successful reforms in Ukraine. It has become a decisive factor in the social and economic development of the country. As a result of the reform, a significant amount of powers and sources of financial resources were transferred from the state authorities as close as possible to the people – to territorial communities in the form of local self-government bodies. Decentralization processes are dominant in the developed countries of the world and involve strengthening the financial autonomy of municipalities. However, in contrast to European countries, Ukraine remains a state in which extensive methods of economic development are preserved.The article is devoted to the study of the process of financial decentralization in Ukraine, which was carried out in the context of European trends. It is justified that powers between the levels of power and management should be demarcated according to the principle of subsidiarity. The article analyzes the degree of decentralization of revenues of local budgets of Ukraine and the countries of the European Union. The current system of local taxation in Ukraine has been studied. According to the results of the study, problems related to financial decentralization were identified. The search for ways to increase local communities' own incomes and ways to increase the autonomy of local self-government bodies was carried out. Proposals have been developed to improve the efficiency of tax revenue generation, which aims to help strengthen the financial independence of local budgets at the current stage of development.

Innovative Financial Economic Stimulation Tools For ESG-Transformation of a Company: opportunities for application and specifics of regulation

Objective: The search for ways to transition to a business model of sustainable development is a cutting-edge trend in the global economy. This movement has its own national features concerning the application and regulation of ESG principles. World practice has already revealed a clear relationship between the application of sustainable development principles and the growth of company profitability and its long-term prospects. Method: The study relies on systemic and complex approaches in combination with a set of general and special scientific methods. Results: The paper considers all possible solutions as a source of financial resources, including green bonds, lending with regard to the borrower's compliance with ESG principles, and green crowdfunding. Particular attention is paid to the process of developing and regulating the taxonomy of projects and financial instruments. Conclusions: Popularization of the benefits of the concept of sustainable development among all market participants will eventually yield the result of improved business competitiveness.

УПРАВЛІННЯ ФІНАНСОВИМ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯМ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ В СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ

Domestic enterprises in modern conditions are faced with the question of the effectiveness of forming the necessary volume of financial support. The purpose of the article is to generalize the features of financial support in the conditions of martial law.&#x0D; The work examines the essence of financial support of enterprises. The constituent elements of the system of financial support of economic activity are analyzed.&#x0D; The components and types of financial support are considered. The main components of the system of financial support of innovative activity are: subjects, objects, methods of financing, forms of financing, levers of influence on economic activity, monitoring and control over the financing of economic activity. According to the form of ownership, private and state financing are distinguished. Depending on the form of provision, financial support of industrial enterprises can be provided in the following forms: self-financing, lending, investment, state financing. Quite often, in order to maximize profit and ensure the optimal ratio, enterprises simultaneously use various forms of financial support.&#x0D; The dynamics of such a source of self-financing as net profit is analyzed. Тhe share of enterprises that during 2016-2020 earned a profit, exceeded 70% and practically did not change.More than 25% of enterprises of all sizes operated at a loss, which indicates that they lack their own sources of financial resources. The use of such a source as depreciation deductions, which is explained by outdated fixed assets, is problematic for many enterprises.&#x0D; In connection with the insufficient volume of such a source as self-financing, it is proposed to use loans from international financial organizations.

Management of municipal property in Ukraine and some countries: the essence, tools

Introduction. Unfortunately, municipal property, like private property in Ukraine, is not a reliable source of stable local budget revenues because, mainly, the form of ownership is not the leading factor in the high efficiency of the economic system, and the conditions in which it can be created to any of the forms of ownership, including municipal, could reveal its own potential, which will increase the economic efficiency of business entities and improve the living standards of community members.The aim of the article is to clarify the essence of municipal property and to establish tools for municipal property management in Ukraine and some countries around the world for comparison and improvement.Research methods. In the process of research to achieve the goal of the article used a number of methods of scientific knowledge (analysis, induction, deduction, synthesis, generalization, comparison of systems and tools of municipal property management in Ukraine and some countries).Results. In the scientific literature, there is mainly a classification of world-famous models of municipal government organization, which provide for the formation of relations between local governments and relevant authorities in the center. According to this approach, it is expedient to distinguish three such fundamental models of local self-government, as: Anglo-Saxon (classical), continental and mixed. The Anglo-Saxon (classical) model is common, mainly in the United States, Britain, Canada, Australia, India and others, where the eponymous legal system. The continental (or French) model of local government organization is quite different, common not only in European countries, including France, Spain, Italy, Belgium, but also in many Latin American countries, the Middle East, and France. It is clear that the analysis of the current state of affairs abroad can play a leading role in solving the problems of improving the management of Ukrainian municipal property. Generalization and popularization of the positive practice of individual countries with developed democracies in the subject area studied by us is expedient for the improvement of the Ukrainian legislation of Ukraine. For example, in order to form several sources of financial resources that are objects of the current municipal property of any country.Discussion. The analysis of the positive practice of local self-government in Ukraine and some countries of the world allows to draw a number of conclusions: granting local governments some state powers increases the authority of these bodies, promotes their “merging” and mutual enrichment; There is a need to develop the necessary future steps to develop the system and tools of local self-government of Ukraine and consolidate them at the regulatory level, taking into account the different types and forms of business entities, and subject to new laws continue to work in, lack of sufficient necessary financial and economic base, incomplete economic and legal regulation. We should not expect a one-time creation of the basis of local self-government throughout Ukraine, but move in this direction step by step and so on.Perspectives. In the future, more attention should be paid to the study of the principles and methods of collecting and disseminating positive experience in municipal property management both in Ukraine and in some countries around the world, which were discussed in this publication. It would also be worthwhile to deepen research on areas for improving the efficiency of operational management of municipal property and indicators of its evaluation.

Стратегия-2030: вектор развития социохозяйственного комплекса Волгоградской области

The article presents the result of the analysis of the strategy for the social and economic development of Volgograd region until 2030, adopted at the end of 2021, which is the main strategic planning document that determines the goal-setting of the development of the federal entity of the Russian Federation. The article presents a description of the content of the strategy under consideration, its main parts, including an assessment of its financial and economic support and sources of financial resources. A brief overview of the achieved goals of social and economic development from the implementation of the previously existing strategy (strategy until 2025) is given, a comparative analysis of some elements of the strategy until 2025 and the new strategy until 2030 is carried out (main goal, strengths and weaknesses of Volgograd region, target scenarios and development priorities of the region). The author’s opinion appeared in relation to certain provisions of the strategy until 2030, including the presented analysis of adverse factors for the development of the region, approaches to the formation of target scenarios for the development of the region. A number of assumptions written in by the strategy until 2030 were critically assessed by the authors (potential to achieve the general goal, growth rate of the gross regional product, achievement of zero total population growth, consistency of tasks, activities and indicators according to the development priorities “Population, social services and a healthy lifestyle”, “Health care”, “Construction, housing policy and urban environment”, “Investment development”, “Transport infrastructure”). In addition, the article gives a description of the system of strategic planning as a whole within the framework of state strategic management, emphasizes the role of the strategy of social and economic development in it (including the example of identical documents of the federal level), legislatively established requirements for its structure and content, expert opinions are given on the goals and objectives of strategic planning.

Role of financial planning in making managerial decisions

Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study were the works of domestic and foreign scientists on the study of innovation and investment activities planning for enterprises, its role in modern economic conditions. In order to achieve this goal, the authors use general scientific and special methods: theoretical generalization – to study the process of innovation and investment activities planning for the enterprise; formalization (for setting the task of mathematical modeling); logical analysis − in the formation of ways to improve the management of investment activities of enterprises. Results. Financial planning as an element of enterprise management includes the following stages: problem statement; performance evaluation; application of alternative solutions to problems; decision making; implementation of the plan; control. Financial planning in modern conditions should be understood not only as drawing up a financial plan (plans) or forecasting financial results, but also the process of preparing and making management decisions that affect the amount of financial resources, as well as the values of enterprise indicators in the planning period that provides solving tasks in the most rational way to achieve the goals in the long run by agreeing on the sources of financial resources and directions of their use in accordance with the plans. In this case, financial planning is a tool to increase the effectiveness of the management decisions implementation, because it includes both stages of preparation and stages of implementation and control. Novelty. The management model and directions of improving the investment activities management of enterprises is suggested based on improving the decision-making process to maximize profits, which takes into account the lost opportunity to generate revenue when the implementation of one innovative project requires abandoning the implementation of another. Practical value. The use of economic and mathematical modeling in making investment decisions will improve the quality and efficiency of decisions made.

ФІНАНСОВЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНОГО РОЗВИТКУ В УКРАЇНІ

Анотація. У статті розглянуто регулювання державних фінансів, які впливають на розвиток країни та орієнтоване на підтримку населення країни. Наголошено, що для реалізації соціальної функції держави метою доходів та видатків державного бюджету є створення та побудова державних коштів, що забезпечують основні параметри життя особистості та суспільства. Визначено, що соціальна мета трансфертів з державного бюджету до місцевих бюджеті полягає у забезпеченні цілісності національного суспільства, соціальній гармонії та стабільності у суспільстві шляхом розподілу державних фінансових потоків та суспільних благ між регіонами країни задля сприяння сталого соціально-економічного та культурного розвитку окремих регіонів та країн загалом. Акцентується увага на основних особливостях фінансового забезпечення державних соціальних програм: фінансова підтримка реалізується відповідно до прийнятих нормативних актів, що свідчить про те, що процеси створення та спрямування фінансових ресурсів для реалізації державних соціальних програм контролюються державними органами та громадянським суспільством — це кошти суб’єктів господарювання, домогосподарств, іноземних держав (прямо чи опосередковано), кошти міжнародних організацій та фондів, кошти державного та місцевих бюджетів. Фінансова підтримка соціальних програм — це виділення певної суми коштів на виконання завдань, пов’язаних із цим процесом, визначених у соціальній та фіскальній політиці держави. Окреслено, що фінансова підтримка є одним із факторів, що впливають на якість життя шляхом розвитку конкретного соціального об’єкта. Узагальнено, що функціональна сукупність окремих елементів і процесів соціальної реальності створює систему суспільного відтворення. В окремому господарстві відтворення відбувається у формі безперервного циклу адекватного доходу чи капіталу для забезпечення життя та господарської діяльності окремої особи. Водночас, певні параметри відтворення не тільки реалізуються безпосередніми учасниками процесу, але й навмисно встановлюються та коригуються ними. Визначено, що основним джерелом фінансових ресурсів у сфері соціального захисту населення є ВВП у процесі розподілу та перерозподілу, які можна поділити на три основні групи: централізовані державні фонди; державні децентралізовані фонди; приватні соціальні фонди. Ключові слова: держава, регулювання, податки, фінанси, підтримка, розвиток, населення, реформування. Формул: 0; рис.: 2; табл.: 1; бібл.: 10.

ФІНАНСОВА СКЛАДОВА ІНСТИТУЦІЙНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ АГРАРНОГО СЕКТОРУ: ВІТЧИЗНЯНА ТА ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКА ПРАКТИКА

The results of the research showed a tendency towards a significant increase in the volume of financial flows aimed at achieving the goals of sustainable development of agriculture and green areas in European countries. Three key areas of financial support for projects of sustainable development of agribusiness and rural (green) territories of the EU countries were identified: 1) program of sustainable food supply; 2) program of revitalization of agriculture and rural areas 3) food and natural resources. The sources of financial resources are the funds of the common agricultural budget within the framework of the SAP of the EU countries, and the funds involved in the framework of joint projects of private-partnership relations. The Horizon 2020 project was a powerful financial tool for implementing the dominant principles of sustainable agricultural development. Ukraine has significantly fewer financial opportunities to ensure the development of the agricultural sector. The share of State budget expenditures for financing the agricultural sector does not exceed 8%. The financial capabilities of Ukraine to ensure the development of the agricultural sector are significantly smaller. The share of State budget expenditures for financing the agricultural sector does not exceed 8%. The main directions of state financial support for the agricultural sector in recent years are: state support for the livestock industry; support for the development of hops, establishment of new gardens, vineyards, berry orchards; providing loans and making them cheaper; support for the development of farms; partial compensation of the cost of complex domestic agricultural machinery. The use of flexible financial instruments is a priority direction for improving the level of financial provision of institutional support for the sustainable development of the agricultural sector and rural areas of Ukraine. The main ones are: loans, credit lines, loans, grant aid, state subsidies and subventions, etc. State and private finan- cial institutions, commercial banks, financial associations, specialized and guarantee funds, cooperatives, specialized financial institutes of sustainable development, providers of implementation of grant European programs can be financial intermediaries in such flexible schemes of financial support for the sustainable development of the agricultural sector. The combination of par- ticipants in the joint process of financial support for the implementation of sustainable development tasks should be on the basis of the creation of new or existing information-consulting and analytical agro-platforms.

FINANCIAL POLICY OF THE HIGHER EDUCATION INDUSTRY: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE FOR UKRAINE

The article describes the mechanism of financing the development of the higher education system. Several models of education financing, flows and sources of financial support for higher education institutions are considered. The financial policy of higher education in different countries of the world is analyzed: Canada, Great Britain, France, Japan, Sweden, Norway, China, Nigeria, Brazil, Argentina, India, Greece, Italy, Denmark, Finland, Israel, the Netherlands and the USA. It is noted that in Ukraine some elements of the American system of tax benefits for educational services could be applied. Diversification of sources of education funding is one of the ways to reduce the resource dependence of free economic education on the state. Examining the state of financing of higher education and sources of financial resources, it is indicated that it is necessary to include in the priority areas of improving the system of financing education in the context of ensuring the competitiveness of free economic education.