Source Of Family Income Research Articles

Status of farm mechanization and factor affecting its adoption among the rice (Oryzae sativa) farmers in Sarlahi district, Nepal

This study aimed to investigate the degree of agricultural mechanization adoption and the factors influencing its acceptance in the Haripurwa municipality and Parsa rural municipality of Sarlahi district, specifically concerning rice agriculture using a multistage random sampling method. A total of 98 respondents were selected for the study, 52 were from Haripurwa municipality and 46 were from Parsa rural municipality. Primary data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires, focal group discussion, and key informant interviews whereas secondary data were obtained through review of relevant literature. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, scaling and indexing, chi-square tests, T-tests, and the logit model. By analyzing the adoption index, 62.245% and 37.755% of respondents were under the adopter and non-adopter categories respectively. In contrast to 100% physical labor for transplanting, fertilizer application, and other intercultural tasks like weeding and harvesting, the study found that land preparation was done mechanically (100%). The two biggest obstacles to the use of agricultural machinery were small farms scattered terrain and poor infrastructure with index values of 0.845 and 0.843, respectively. Major factors influencing agricultural mechanization were respondents' educational status, gender, farmers' experience, participation in organizations, loan availability, and primary source of family income. Thus, it can be said that socio-economic determinants which had a significant association with adoption status and most needed farm implements for farmers can be considered by the concerned authority to increase the farm mechanization and enhance profitability from rice farming.

Maternal Malnutrition and Its Associated Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Childbirth in Dadu District, Sindh, Pakistan

Background: Maternal malnutrition poses serious risks to both mother and child, contributing to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as anemia, pre-eclampsia, and low birth weight. Addressing maternal malnutrition is essential for promoting healthy pregnancies and favorable birth outcomes. Methodology: The study involved 660 third-trimester pregnant women at a tertiary care hospital in Dadu district, Sindh, Pakistan. The aim was to identify the association patterns of maternal nutrition on birth outcomes to inform future programming. Data were collected using a mixed-methods approach with a snowballing technique. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using R-Studio and Canvas software to analyze associations and differences related to maternal nutrition. Results: The majority of rural participants (84%) intended to deliver at DHQ Dadu, with 81% facing inconsistent family income sources, impacting food security and healthcare access. Maternal education positively correlated with healthcare service utilization, while maternal counseling had a weaker influence. Early pregnancies were prevalent, with 29% of women reporting their first pregnancy before age 20 and 6.7% before age 16. Iron and folic acid utilization was suboptimal (20.4%), and access to healthcare was hindered by distance, cost, and inconsistent coverage, particularly in rural areas. Maternal malnutrition was a significant concern, with 15.4% identified as acutely malnourished. Conclusion: The study highlights significant challenges, including socioeconomic disparities, early pregnancies, inadequate healthcare access, and poor maternal nutrition status. Targeted interventions such as improving healthcare infrastructure, enhancing maternal education, promoting early prenatal care, strengthening community-based nutrition programs, and leveraging social safety net programs can help mitigate adverse birth outcomes.

Prevalence and risk factors of food insecurity among Syrian refugees in Türkiye

BackgroundAlthough Türkiye (Turkey) hosts the largest number of Syrian refugees, studies on food insecurity are limited. This study examined the prevalence and risk factors of food insecurity among Syrian refugees living in Istanbul, which has the highest number of refugees in Türkiye.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among Syrian refugees in Istanbul between September 2021 and March 2022. The main income earners of 103 households were interviewed by a research dietitian, with the assistance of an Arabic speaking interpreter through hour-long face-to-face. Data on sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, nationality, marital status, educational status, the family income, the major source of family income, and the number of family members living in the household etc.) and household food insecurity status were collected. Household food insecurity status was assessed with the eighteen-item Household Food Security Survey Module.ResultsThe household food insecurity rate was 90.3%, and those of adults and children were 88.4% and 84.8%, respectively. It was observed that family income level was significantly associated with food insecurity. A one-unit increase in monthly income increased food security by 0.02 times (p < 0.001). The number of employed refugees in the food security group was higher than that in the food insecurity group (p = 0.018). A significant difference was found in the rate of occupation type of the major income earner between the groups (p = 0.046).ConclusionsHigh rates of food insecurity, particularly severe food insecurity, were found among Syrian refugees living in Istanbul. While more research is warranted to explore the root causes and efficacy of the current support system, it requires the immediate attention of policymakers at the national and international levels to implement effective policies and interventions.

Impacts of anemia and its determinants among 6–59 months age children residing in Dayniile internally displaced person’s camps, Banadir region, Somalia

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of anemia in children under 5 years of age is a multifaceted issue influenced by various factors, leading to diverse findings across studies. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among children under 5 years of age living in internally displaced persons camps in the Dayniile district of Somalia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2022 and July 2023 in Mogadishu, Somalia. Blood samples from children under 5 years of age were checked for malaria and parasites, as well as for hemoglobin, erythrocytes, hematocrit, mean cell volume, and hematocrit. SPSS version 27.0.1 was used for data analysis, involving descriptive and inferential statistics. Fisher’s exact test examined anemia associations due to low expected counts. RESULTS: The prevalence of anemia among children under 5 years old was 17.6%. Anemia severity varied from mild (8.4%) to moderate (8.7%) to severe (0.5%). No significant correlation was found between a child’s primary caregiver and anemia status nor between anemia and sex, age, maternal factors, or family income sources. However, the presence of income from other relatives was statistically significant (P = 0.046*), indicating that financial support from extended family members may reduce the incidence of severe anemia in young adults. Children with a history of malaria had notably higher rates of mild and moderate anemia (25.0% and 75.0%, respectively) than those without. CONCLUSION: Our study, along with previous research, underscores the complexity of the prevalence of childhood anemia and its contributing factors. Addressing anemia in children from lower-income families and urban areas requires tailored intervention. In addition, controlling malaria and promoting breastfeeding are essential strategies for reducing the prevalence of anemia in young children. Overall, a multifaceted approach considering socioeconomic, health, and dietary factors is crucial for the well-being of children under 5 years old.

Instrumental and sensory tools to evaluate the production potential of a new type of sparkling wine from umbu (Spondias tuberosa)

Umbu is a native fruit from the Brazilian Caatinga Biome, which is a source of income for families involved in extractivism. This fruit is highly perishable and production losses have been experienced. The production of sparkling wine can be a strategy for better use and to add value to this fruit. Furthermore, consumers have been attracted to innovative beverages, produced with alternative raw materials and with an exotic and pleasant aroma. The potential for producing sparkling wine from umbu was evaluated through physical-chemical, instrumental (gas chromatography with detection by mass spectrometry and olfactometry) and sensory analyses (acceptance test, Just-about-right (JAR) scale, and penalty analysis). Both the base wine and the sparkling wine meet all regulatory physicochemical parameters. The volatile profile of umbu pulp contains mainly terpenes (55%), while esters predominated in the base and sparkling wines (32 and 33%, respectively). In sparkling wines, hexanoic acid (3114 mg L−1) and linalool (1266 mg L−1) were the major compounds. Among the 26 odor-active compounds of sparkling wines are mainly ethyl esters with fruity aroma (acetate, decanoate, and 2-phenylacetate; OSME area: 4.8, 4.8, and 5.0%, respectively), and terpenes with floral notes (p-cymene, geranic oxide and linalool; OSME area: 8.5, 7.4, and 6.9%, respectively). The acceptance and purchase intention tests endorsed the commercialization expectation, although JAR scale and penalty analysis showed that the umbu aroma and sweetness may be improved. The potential of umbu for the production of sparkling wines has been proven, which satisfies the current market demand for innovative beverages.

Use of remittance and Coronavirus pandemic in Nepal

Remittance based economy of Nepal has been badly affected by the Corona virus pandemic. In this study, we analyze the household and social level use of remittance by the remittance recipient households before and after the pandemic. We adopted cross-sectional study design to collect data from 777 randomly selected respondents residing in Chautara Sngachwokgadhi (Mountain region), Galkot(Hill) and Mithila (Tarai) municipalities in Nepal. We used a reliable questionnaire tool having 0.8 cronbachalpha, and we visited the respondents from 6th June- 18th October 2022. The study found that the remittance recipient households have good access to households, educational, financial and health facilities. A significant amount of remittance also has been used to donate to the youth club, medical treatment seeker, school/college and community level (public moral hazard) after the Coronavirus pandemic. Remittance and agriculture were the major source of family income in each ecological region. However, remittance has failed to increase agriculture production and distributions (domestic household hazard) and also failed to increase entrepreneurship development in the local levels. This study can be a reference for developing evidence-based policies for minimizing public moral hazard and domestic household hazards caused by remittance in developing countries like Nepal.

Pendampingan Pencatatan Akuntansi Sederhana pada Pemilik UKM Kerupuk Singkong di Desa Sawojajar

The cassava chips industry is a home or family industry which makes this industry a source of family income as well as a milestone in the community's economic cycle. The importance of this industry is unfortunately not accompanied by the ability of business actors to carry out optimal financial records, whereas accounting recording activities are an important activity in the management process of a company. business. With the assistance activities carried out by the community service team regarding financial recording, business actors can increase their understanding of simple financial recording. The results of the activities carried out are The owner of the cassava chips business "Dwi Putri" stated that he was able to carry out financial records in the business process, and was good at calculating sales profits.

Kajian Empirik Pilihan Rasional dan Jaringan Nelayan Tani Di Kawasan Danau Tempe

This study aims to assess the rationality and social networks formed among fishermen farmers who live and run farms in tidal areas in the Tempe Lake area. The study was conducted in Tempe Lake area, covering Salo Menraleng and Laelo villages, Tempe sub-district, Wajo district from April to May 2016. The assessment method used was the Rapid Rural Appraisal method. Interviews were conducted repeatedly with 2-3 people from the community who work as farmers-fishermen, heads of farmer groups, community leaders and local agricultural extension workers. The interview was considered complete when it had reached a saturation point, i.e. there were no more things to ask. The process of forming rational choices of fishermen farmers who live and run farms in tidal areas in the Tempe Lake area is the existence of actors in this case are fishermen farmers and resources (land) where the relationship between the two is power and interests. The power here means that the landowner fishermen farmers have the right to work on anything in the natural conditions that occur in the Tempe Lake area to fulfill their interests or goals. The goal is to fulfill food needs and a source of family income. This is the reason and background they make decisions or actions in the form of farming methods, cropping patterns, selection of rice varieties and switching from secondary crops to rice. The social network formed among fishermen farmers is a sense of knowing each other, informing each other, reminding and helping in carrying out or overcoming something. Social networks will not materialize without being based on norms and mutual trust. The network of farmer group formation can be used as a means to learn to increase the productivity of their rice farming land.

Small To Medium Enterpirses In The Digital Era On Line Shop Professional Community (Kaji) In East Java

Small To Medium Enterpirses In The Digital Era On Line Shop Professional Community (Kaji) In East Java. The contribution of SMEs has had an impact on the regional and national economy (Bunga, 2022), the growth and development of SMEs in Indonesia cannot be separated from the various challenges faced, the economic crisis that occurred at the end of 1997 brought multi-economic impacts, including SMEs (Tejasari, 2008), the impact of Covid 19 which occurred in early 2020, the impact of the global economy occurred as a whole. SMEs also felt the same impact with the independence that SMEs have, being able to overcome global economic challenges (Aksan, 2022), entering the digital era. East Java UKM (KAJI) is faced with online shop UKM must be able to take a role and control the market so that the existence of SMEs is not eroded by digitalization, especially online shops. Legitimacy theory focuses on interactions between companies and society based on legitimacy theory, namely that a "social contract" occurs between companies and the community where the company operates and uses economic resources. It explains the concept of social contract, all social institutions, including companies, operate in society through social contracts, both explicit and implicit, their survival and growth is based on what consists of, the final result (social output) provided to the wider community, the distribution of economic, social and political benefits. to groups according to their power (Gray, 2001). The research method used in the research is qualitative analysis of case studies. Single case case study is used to obtain data from various primary and secondary research sources (observations, artifacts, archives, documents, interviews, multiple sources), is a research strategy involving one or more cases (multi cases) creating theoretical constructions, middle range propositions or theories based on empirical fact cases (Eisenhardt, 1989). The results of the research and discussion can be concluded that the existence of East Java UKM (KAJI) is described as follows: a. Able to support the family economy as an alternative source of family income, b. The existence of KAJI East Java, facilitates UKMs to establish friendly relations between UKMs, c. Market opportunities are still limited. SMEs still have difficulty marketing SME products. e. The attention received by SMEs in business development and capital assistance has not been maximized, f. Lack of innovation and creativity among SMEs. Suggestions for the existence of SMEs should receive more attention, especially in policies that support the existence of SMEs, especially the policy of implementing online shops to ensure the continuity of the existence of SMEs.

Farmers’ Income and the Driving Forces for the Switch from Shifting Cultivation to Settled Agriculture in Meghalaya, India

This study assesses the dependence of farmers on semi-settled (a combination of shifting and settled cultivation) and settled agriculture as a source of family income. The farmers residing in the hilly tracts of West Garo Hills mostly adopt semi-settled cultivation. Farmers are also transitioning from semi-settled to settled agriculture. This study was conducted to investigate the factors influencing the transition and the socioeconomic conditions of farmers practicing semi-settled and settled agriculture. The researchers surveyed 119 randomly selected households in West Garo Hills, a district of Meghalaya, India, using a structured questionnaire. Exploration of influencing factors for transitioning is important to provide insights into how factors interact, thereby facilitating the development of effective adaptation strategies and policies that will ensure farmers’ future well-being. Results showed that settled farmers generate more income and possess more land area than semi-settled farmers. Besides available land area, a stable source of income for a family is a strong determinant for abandoning shifting cultivation and transitioning to settled agriculture to boost income with less time investment and labor. The farmers found that shifting cultivation helped meet their dietary needs and some income during the COVID-19 lockdown. Alongside efforts to boost commercial agriculture, the government should also assist farmers with limited resources in transitioning to settled agriculture by building market networks for the goods produced from shifting cultivation.

Social Determinants of Household Food Security among Rural Families in Kismayo District of Jubaland, Somalia

Food security issues and concerns are very prevalent in Somalia. A significant part of the population face food insecurity in the entire country. Even though global evidence shows that this menace affects mostly the illiterate, families headed by females, poor families, and those households headed by old members of the family, there is dearth of these literature for the case of Somalia. Thus, this study sought to establish family characteristics which influences food security among rural families in Kismayo District of Jubaland State of Somalia. Specifically, the study sought to find out the influence of family income sources, family gender characteristics, family asset diversification and family head background characteristics in determining food security. Cross-sectional design was adopted with a sample of 400 households drawn from five main villages in Kismayo District, namely Abdidhore, Gobweyn, Yontooy, Yaqshinile, and Madhawa using systematic random sampling technique. Primary data was gathered using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive and regression techniques were deployed to analyze data with the aid of SPSS version 20.0. The study has established that family income, age of the household head, gender, and family asset diversification have a statistically significant influence on family food security. Additionally, education of the household head influences family food security. The study recommends that the relevant authorities should create gainful employment for residence of Kismayo District so as to ensure food security. In addition, families should be sensitized on the importance of having diverse assets and, family heads be educated and equipped with basic skills that can help them guide the family toward food security.

Quality of Life Among Elderly People in Chitwan District, Nepal

As the world's elderly population grows, the Quality of Life (QoL) of the elderly becomes an emerging issue and plays a vital role in social development. The aim of this study was to assess the QoL of elderly people in the Chitwan district, Nepal. An analytical cross-sectional study design was employed to evaluate the Quality of Life (QoL) among the elderly residing in the 17 wards encompassing all municipalities and the metropolitan area. The sampling method employed was Probability Proportionate to Size (PPS), which facilitated the selection of 26 respondents from each of the chosen wards. In total, 442 elderly individuals were recruited from the community and surveyed using the WHOQoL-brief questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data in SPSS 20. Most of the elderly mentioned neutral status in both overall QoL (71%) and satisfied with their health status (48.4%). Elderly aged 60-69 years had higher QoL scores in the physical (p&lt;0.007) and psychological (p&lt;0.014) domains compared to other age groups. There was statistically significant association of physical domain with age group, marital status, religion, and presence of chronic illness. The psychological domain was associated with age group, education, religion, and presence of chronic illness. The social domain was associated with marital status, type of family, education, ethnicity, and presence of chronic illness. The environmental health domain was associated with sources of family income, marital status, education, different living arrangements, religion, ethnicity, and presence of chronic illness. All QoL domains showed a positive correlation (p&lt;0.01) with each other as well as with the overall health and quality of life of elderly people. The overall health status and QoL of elderly people was neutral. As increasing the age of the elderly, almost domains of quality of life were declining. Living arrangement with family was associated with the environmental health domain. The absence of chronic illness was associated with all domains of the quality of life of the elderly.

Knowledge And Practice of Preconception Care Among Women of Reproductive-Age in Bheerkot Municipality, Nepal

Background Preconception care is a crucial aspect of maternal and child healthcare services that aims to mitigate adverse pregnancy outcomes and enhance the desired health outcomes for women, newborns, and children. Despite the continuous multi-sectoral efforts in preconception care, maternal mortality and morbidity remain significant health concerns globally. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of preconception care and its associated factors among women of reproductive age in Bheerkot Municipality, Nepal. Methodology A community-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 215 reproductive-age women to assess knowledge and practice regarding preconception care in Bheerkot Municipality, Nepal. Structured questionnaires were designed in the Nepali language and used in face-to-face interviews. We used a simple random sampling technique to collect quantitative data. In a statistical analysis, we employed the Chi-squared test and logistic regression analysis to identify possible predictors using the odds ratio and considered variables with p&lt;0.05 statistically significant at a 95% confidence interval. Result Out of the 215 women who participated in the study, only 46.9% had a good knowledge of preconception care. Approximately half (43.7%) of the respondents had never practiced preconception care. Among respondents who had practiced preconception care before, 47.9% reported good practice, and 52.1% reported poor practice. Age of the respondent (χ2=14.2063, P=0.000823, df=1), marital status (χ2=17.9851, P=0.000022, df=1), time to reach a health facility (χ2=30.1371, P=0.00001, df=1), and age at first pregnancy (χ2=4.7975, P=0.0285, df=1) were statistically associated with knowledge about preconception care. Women who have foreign employment as a major source of family income and whose age is from 25 to 34 years were more likely to have a better practice of preconception care than their counterparts (COR 3.5000, CI 1.3343 to 9.1805, P = 0.0109) and (COR 3.4000, CI 1.1646 to 9.9265, P = 0.0252), respectively. Additionally, out of those who practiced preconception care, most respondents (93.4%) have practiced it in government health facilities. Conclusion Respondents had relatively poor knowledge and practice of preconception care. Collaboration of governmental health institutions between multiple sectors at local levels for more education and information and a specific national protocol or policy formulation would be beneficial in improving preconception care in Nepal.

Identifikasi Tumbuhan Famili Amaranthaceae di Jepara

Spinach plants as leaf vegetables have long been known and loved by the wider community. However, the impact is very large in terms of improving the household economy, especially the provision of nutritious food and also a source of family income. Data collection uses documentation, identification, and observation. This research was conducted in Troso Village, Pecangaan District, Jepara Regency. The height of the place meters above sea level. The research was carried out with field observations of 21 points. The research method used was the identification of each species of spinach consisting of Sand Spinach (Cyathula prostrata) = 182 species, Thorn Spinach (Amaranthus spinosus) = 2 species, Red Spinach (Amaranthus retroflexus) = 75 species, Boroco (Celosia Argentea) = 22 species , Flower knop (Gomphrena goblosa) = 23 species, Bunga Kremah (Altenathera Sesillis) = 121 species, Jorong (Achyranthes Aspera) = 15 species. The results of the research show that there are many plant species of the Amanranthaceae family. The plant species found will be identified based on their morphological characteristics.

Pelatihan Abon Kates (Bontes) sebagai Daya Tarik Wisata kuliner di Padukuhan Klepu Lor Sendang Mulyo Minggir Sleman Yogyakarta

The purpose of this community service is to increase public knowledge about kates processing by making shredded and increasing knowledge about the packaging of shredded papaya products so that they can be sold as souvenirs and as a culinary tourist attraction from the Klepu Lor village. This training is intended for women who are members of the Klepu Lor Padukuhan UKM who are located at Klepu Lor Padukuhan, Sendangmulyo, Minggir, Sleman. The method used in the training for making shredded kates (Bontes) uses the Lecture and Hands-on Practice method. The outputs of this community service activity are (1) Increasing knowledge that papaya fruit can be used to be processed into food; (2) Increasing the creativity and product innovation of Klepu Lor Padukuhan UMKM by processing papaya fruit into shredded kates; (3) Increase knowledge and skills in processing papaya which can be used as a source of family income. The positive impact of this community service on shredded kates processing is that housewives who are members of the Padukuhan Klepu Lor MSME group have the knowledge and insight to utilize their yards by planting papayas (Kates).

Strengthening Financial Literacy for Palm Sugar Farmers in Lombok Island

The growth and development of technology in everyday life has the potential to improve people's welfare. The level of public understanding of financial literacy is very important because it plays a role in financial management. The people in Kekait Village have utilized the Aren plant as a source of family income. The knowledge level of digital financial literacy in palm sugar farmers still needs strengthening. Therefore, community service activities were carried out in the form of strengthening digital financial literacy for palm sugar farmers in Kekait Village, Gunungsari District, West Lombok Regency. Based on the community service activities that have been carried out, it can be seen that partners have given positive responses, including: acquiring new knowledge regarding digital financial literacy and digital financial platforms; the community wants to immediately implement good financial planning and management and intend to have digital savings. Sustainability of this activity is needed as a form of monitoring and evaluation of assistance in an effort to provide solutions to problems faced by partners.

Kampung Susu Lawu on the slopes of Mount Lawu as a tourist destination

This study aims to analyze the potential attractiveness of tourist destinations and the obstacles faced in developing the tourism potential of Kampung Susu Lawu on the slopes of Mount Lawu, Magetan Regency, East Java, Indonesia. It uses a qualitative descriptive research method. Data collection techniques were carried out by triangulation, with inductive data analysis using more than one data acquisition method. The results of the study show that the tourist destination of Kampung Susu Lawu (KSL or Lawu Milk Village), actually has a potential attraction that can be enjoyed by tourists which includes nature, culture, and man-made. Land management permits are expected to increase the welfare of tourism workers, open up job opportunities, provide a source of income for families, increase the variety of jobs, and increase knowledge in tourism business management.

How Machine Learning Can Unveil Challenges Faced by Women Entrepreneurs in Pakistan

Machine Learning has emerged as a prominent force in entrepreneurship, particularly amidst the evolving economic landscape of Pakistan and the global challenges posed by inflation. This qualitative study, employing thematic analysis complemented by sentiment analysis, focuses on insights derived from women entrepreneurs for whom entrepreneurship serves as the primary source of family income. These women exhibit a tech-savvy approach, utilising algorithms to optimise their Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). The research explores key questions regarding the informational needs of women entrepreneurs, central to the study's objectives. Participants uniformly advocate for increased governmental support to foster entrepreneurial growth, alongside a collective call for women to assert their rights within the entrepreneurial domain. Additionally, proactive training initiatives are emphasised, with a shift towards internal initiatives driving change rather than relying solely on external interventions. Incremental progress is highlighted as crucial, given the societal barriers impeding long-term aspirations. Recommendations stemming from the study advocate for multifaceted interventions to cultivate an entrepreneurial ecosystem conducive to women's empowerment. These include the establishment of government-funded youth training centres, comprehensive educational seminars to foster entrepreneurship awareness, flexible educational schedules accommodating extracurricular activities, and provision of supplementary certifications aligned with entrepreneurial lifestyles by educational institutions. These recommendations aim to foster systemic changes empowering women entrepreneurs, facilitating their transition into influential stakeholders within Pakistan's entrepreneurial landscape. Furthermore, sentiment analysis informs predictive modelling for Machine Learning, enriching insights into the entrepreneurial experiences of women in Pakistan.

Physico-Chemical Properties of Brazilian Eastern Amazon Honey Assessed by Multivariate Principal Components Analysis

Honey from the Apis mellifera bee (Hymenoptera, Apidae) is one of the most consumed beehive products in the world, mainly due to its nutritional and therapeutic value. In poorer regions, its commercialization can be an essential source of income for families and communities. However, the quality of honey can change both during harvesting and processing, as well as by climatic conditionsand the type of vegetation. Therefore, implementing good production practices, with quality control in collection and processing, can add value to this product, promoting the development of the region in which it is produced. Thus, the objectives of this work were to characterize the honey of Africanized honeybees produced in the Eastern Amazon region in the cities of Nova Olinda do Maranhão(NO), Santa Luzia do Paruá (SL) and verify its correlation with a commercial honey sample (CH) – from São Luiz-MA. The physicochemical properties (color, moisture, solids insoluble in water, minerals, and ash, hydroxymethylfurfural, acidity, anddiastatic activity) were analyzed according to the methods of CODEX Alimentarius and the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, and these data were evaluated by the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that commercial honey presented higher levels of insoluble solids, HMF, minerals, and ash than samples from NO and SL. Variables that differentiated NO and SL honey were HMF, moisture, and diastase index. Although the samples have different characteristics, the data comply with Brazilian legislation, which can strengthen the development of apiculture in the region.

PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN GERABAH SEMPE-BALANGA DI NEGERI OUW, KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH

Sempe-balanga is a traditional craft that has existed long ago in Ouw and has become a culture in this country. The pottery craftsmen made many changes so that this pottery became more and more known. the lack of interest in women in the country to develop pottery crafts is one of the limiting factors. The purpose of this training is to increase the interest and participation of women to pursue these skills to make these products a source of family income. The training method used is collection through interviews, while the craft development strategy is literature study, observation, and interview. The results of the training showed that many women in this country were interested in learning the culture of sempe-belanga, porna and kenda/plat, and tajela. In addition, there are variations of pottery craft products such as flower pots, wall hangings, angglong, and so on, also given during the training