Typology Of Sources Research Articles

Development and psychometric validation of a scale for sources of resistance to change in higher education institutions

PurposeThe purpose of the present study was to develop a measurement model to identify sources of resistance to change (RC) based on a previous systematic review.Design/methodology/approachThe sample comprised 121 participants (faculty, students, graduates, and employees). Twenty-three items were assessed in four distinct stages: observation, exploration, confirmation, and communication. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis ensured the validity and reliability of the measurement process.FindingsThe final 14-item model consisted of four groups: “Personalities averse to change”; “Limited participation in the change process”; “Dominant sociocultural predisposition”; and “Weak managerial commitment to change.”Practical implicationsIt is hoped that the study will encourage further diagnostic examinations and assessments of the structural relationships associated with RC.Originality/valueThe present study expands our understanding of RC source typologies, the majority of which have focused on the individual and the organization. Higher education institutions bear a responsibility to initiate change to align with evolving environmental demands, but their endeavors are often subject to obstacles and delays stemming from individual and collective influences. To manage efficiently the conceptualization, planning, implementation, and management of change initiatives, we must comprehend and assess the primary sources of RC within such institutions.

Who Cares for Older Adults? A Cross-National Study of Care Sources for Older Adults With Functional Limitations and Associated Determinants.

The study compared care source typologies for older adults in China and the United States. Data from the 2014 U.S. Health and Retirement Study and the 2013 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were used. The respondents included community-dwelling older adults aged 65years or older with at least one limitation in activities of daily living (ADLs) or instrumental ADLs (IADLs) (NChina = 2476, NUS = 2898). Respondents reported whether they received assistance from spouse, child/grandchild, relatives, others, and formal helpers. Latent class analysis and multinomial logistic regression were applied. Four classes were identified in China and the U.S, separately. In both countries, ADLs and IADLs were strong determinants of care source typologies. Care sources were more diverse and included formal assistance among older Americans. Older Chinese relied largely on their spouses and children/grandchildren for support. Policy efforts are needed to expand formal long-term services and supports, particularly in China.

TYPOLOGIES OF SOURCE OF CARE AMONG OLDER ADULTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CHINA AND THE UNITED STATES

Abstract Background We investigated typologies of source of care for older adults in China and the United States and applied Anderson Health Behavior model to examine associated significant determinants. Methods Cross-sectional data from 2014 Health and Retirement Study and 2013 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were used. We included older respondents aged 65+ who had at least one limitation in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL (IADL) (NChina=2,482, NUS=3,152). Respondents reported whether they received assistance with ADLs and IADLs from spouse, child/grandchild, relatives, other, and formal helpers, respectively. We employed latent class analysis to characterize the typologies of sources of care and multinomial logistic regression to examine the significant determinants of identified typologies. Results Four classes were identified in China: class 1 (59.91%) minimal care with IADL assistance from child/grandchild; class 2 (8.66%) child/grandchild-based care; class 3 (27.96%) spouse-based care; and class 4 (3.46%) spouse/child/grandchild-based care. Five classes were identified in the US: class 1 (51.97%) minimal care overall with limited spousal support; class 2 (20.88%) child/grandchild-based care; class 3 (8.44%) spouse-based care; class 4 (13.20%) formal care plus child/grandchild support; and class 5 (6.31%) various sources. In both countries, ADL and IADL were significant determinants. Conclusion In the US, sources of care were more diverse and included formal assistance. In contrast, older Chinese relied largely on their spouses and children/grandchildren for support. In both countries, physical circumstances are significant determinants. Policy efforts on supporting family-based care and expanding formal care are needed in both countries, particularly China.

The Elusive Musekin—Interpreting a Mysterious Piece of Medieval Armour

The field of medieval arms and armour abounds with terms whose meanings are, as yet, lost to us. Of these, none is perhaps as recurrent or as widespread as the term musekin, amply present in a variety of European sources and languages between the 13th and the 16th centuries. Although familiar to experts, and included in a number of seminal works, no one source has of yet provided a definite, well-researched answer as to what musekins might be. This paper’s aim is therefore to try and work out what object or objects musekins might have corresponded to, by bringing together a considerable number and typology of sources—textual, artistic, and archaeological—from a wide variety of medieval European cultures, which are then analysed in a multi-pronged, multi-lingual, interdisciplinary approach. Possible identifications are then presented, in a process which highlights the potential for complementarity between different European languages and archives in researching medieval arms and armour.

ПРЕДПОСЫЛКИ, ПУТИ, СПОСОБЫ И МЕХАНИЗМ ГРАММАТИКАЛИЗАЦИИ СИНТАКСИЧЕСКИХ КОНСТРУКЦИЙ

The article examines the phenomenon of grammaticalization on the material of syntactic constructions. The authors reveal the sources (linguistic means) of grammaticalization, their linguistic nature (causes of grammaticalization), determine the grammaticalization degree of each source; have formed a typology of sources for free and phraseologized syntactic constructions, have determined universal and unique sources; justified the allocation of syntactic sources proper. The paths of grammaticalization are described. Two means of grammaticalization have been established: the main one is the deactualization of the indicator, the secondary means is actualization. At the same time, both means lead to a generalization of lexical, grammatical and functional semantics, to decategorization or transcategorization of the language sign. Thus, we argue that in the field of syntactic constructions there is only one mechanism of grammaticalization - generalization / abstraction / expansion of the language sign meaning. We formulated the following definition of syntactic construction grammaticalization: grammaticalization of the compulsory unchangeable component of the fixed phrase scheme is the transition of a functional or notional lexeme (or a combination of lexemes) into a compulsory component of a phraseologized syntactic construction as a result of complete or partial deactualization of its lexical-morphological and syntactic meaning, i.e. the transition of language signs from the lexical-morphological sphere to the syntactic (syntaxization). The grammaticalization of the syntactic construction ultimately leads to the formation of a new linguistic tool (syntactic phraseological unit: a fixed model, fixed phrase scheme or fixed phrase) with new grammatical indicators, as well as a new way of representing both grammatical and dictum-modus (a fixed model, fixed phrase scheme) or only modus (fixed phrase) meaning.

Ego-documents in management and organizational history

ABSTRACT The vibrant exchange between history and organization studies has triggered major debates on engaging historiography and theorizing with history. By comparison, studies of historical methods have received less attention. We argue that one missing debate concerns different typologies of sources, which facilitate systematic comparative analysis and interpretation. Specifically, we introduce the category ‘ego-documents’, which we define as ‘sources that reveal the historical self as a thinking and feeling being in the world (agency in structure) or unveil the impact of social norms and relationships on the historical self (structure in agency).’ We review the history of the term ego-documents and debate the virtues and challenges of using it in management and organizational history. We then distinguish four uses of ego-documents and explicate their sources and purposes based on articles published in Management and Organizational History.

The spectacle of vision: eye and eyesight in the nineteenth-century scientific press

ABSTRACT This article analyses how nineteenth-century medical science apprehended the eye and its functions. It disputes Jonathan Crary’s claim of the alleged mistrust towards human vision as a source of reliable information from the 1830s onwards. It is based on the analysis of scholarly and popular scientific publications from the early 1850s to the first decades of the twentieth century, a typology of sources overlooked by Crary as well as by most of the works in the field of Visual Studies. It focuses on French documents because of the progress undertaken by medical research on the eyesight in the country at the time and the number and scope of both scientific and popular publications. In the first part, I analyse the new set of knowledge about the anatomy and physiology of the eye that physicians developed at the time – notably through the use of newly introduced instruments such as the ophthalmoscope and the ophthalmometer. In the second part, I describe how contemporary medical research led to the acknowledgment of the subjectivity of visual perceptions and the fragile nature of human visual capacities. In the last section, I show how, through a process of classification and rationalisation of the newly acquired knowledge, physicians managed to reinstate the objective character of visual perceptions on the basis of their research.

A new agent-based model provides insight into deep uncertainty faced in simulated forest management

Exploratory modeling in forestry uses a variety of approaches to simulate forest management. One important assumption that every approach makes is about the deep uncertainty—the lack of the knowledge required for making an informed decision—that future forest management will face. This assumption can strongly influence simulation results and their interpretation but is rarely studied. Our objective was to explore how differences in modeling approaches influence the deep uncertainty faced in simulated forest management. We used SOSIEL Harvest, a new agent-based extension to a landscape-change model, LANDIS-II, to simulate three approaches to modeling forest management. For each, we used the same forest and management data from Michigan, US, which isolated the differences among approaches as the only variable factor. We then used a new method, also introduced here, to measure and compare the deep uncertainty faced during simulated management. Finally, we used a typology of sources of uncertainty to categorize the sources responsible for this deep uncertainty. The simulated forest management in the three modeling approaches faced substantially different degrees of deep uncertainty, which translated into considerable differences in simulation results. There was an overall negative relationship between deep uncertainty and the ability of the management to respond to forest change and adapt decisions accordingly. While inherent deep uncertainty faced in simulated forest management can be substantial, it is overestimated by exploratory models that underestimate management’s ability to respond to forest change. Reducing such model-related uncertainty will allow for more realistic results from exploratory studies of forest management.

Complexity or crisis of the sources of law system in Colombia: issues and challenges according to substantive law and procedural law in case law

The legal system in Colombia and its issue to be enforceable for any person, it may be known from a context of crisis or complexity, all about the various typologies of sources that mainly work according to case law, where they are constantly in tension, in addition to their concretion of that interaction, among others, the right to equal protection and the principles of legal certainty and predictability of law, all of them are the basis for any well-organized society that can be declared constitutionally as a rule of law. Therefore, this research aims to the characterization and systematization of law from case law that is created from sub-rules that define substantive and procedural contents for any issue according to the case study, all of those situations have shown the current crisis status and the complexity in the legal system and their effect to produce the final aim of this research composed by three parts (part I, part II and part III), all according to the term that we have named general clause of the sources of law in Colombia.

A mixed methods study to evaluate participatory mapping for rural water safety planning in western Kenya.

Water safety planning is an approach to ensure safe drinking-water access through comprehensive risk assessment and water supply management from catchment to consumer. However, its uptake remains low in rural areas. Participatory mapping, the process of map creation for resource management by local communities, has yet to be used for rural water safety planning. In this mixed methods study, to evaluate the validity of participatory mapping outputs for rural water safety planning and assess community understanding of water safety, 140 community members in Siaya County, Kenya, attended ten village-level participatory mapping sessions. They mapped drinking-water sources, ranked their safety and mapped potential contamination hazards. Findings were triangulated against a questionnaire survey of 234 households, conducted in parallel. In contrast to source type ranking for international monitoring, workshop participants ranked rainwater's safety above piped water and identified source types such as broken pipes not explicitly recorded in water source typologies often used for formal monitoring. Participatory mapping also highlighted the overlap between livestock grazing areas and household water sources. These findings were corroborated by the household survey and subsequent participatory meetings. However, comparison with household survey data suggested participatory mapping outputs omitted some water sources and landscape-scale contamination hazards, such as open defecation areas or flood-prone areas. In follow-up visits, participant groups ranked remediation of rainwater harvesting systems as the most acceptable intervention to address hazards. We conclude that participatory mapping can complement other established approaches to rural water safety planning by capturing informally managed source use and facilitating community engagement.

Gender is a Variable of Interest for Information Literacy Instruction

A Review of: Pinto, M., Sales, D., & Fernández-Pascual, R. (2019). Gender perspective on information literacy: An interdisciplinary and multidimensional analysis within higher education settings. Library & Information Science Research, 41(4), 100979. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lisr.2019.100979 Abstract Objective – To identify gender differences that present in 26 information literacy (IL) learning competencies using a multidimensional subjective–objective approach. Design – Two quantitative survey questionnaires, administered online. Setting – Five Spanish public universities in 2014. Subjects – Third- and fourth-year students in eight social science degree programs including information science, audiovisual communication, journalism, psychology, primary education, pedagogy, social work, and tourism. Methods – Subjects were recruited using a stratified sampling approach. Two survey instruments were distributed online. The IL-HUMASS instrument uses Likert scales to measure students’ “belief-in-importance” (BI) of various IL competencies relating to searching, evaluation, processing, and communication–dissemination, as well as their self-efficacy (SE) regarding these competencies. The EVALCI-KN instrument measures students’ actual knowledge (KN) of the same IL competencies using closed answer options. The data were analyzed using descriptive and bivariate statistics and confirmatory factor analyses. Main Results – The total number of valid surveys collected was 1,575 (sampling ratio of 10.39% of eligible students). No significant differences were found between female and male students’ BI, SE, or KN in the categories of searching and evaluation. Statistically significant differences between genders were found relating to SE and knowledge of information processing (with men having higher scores), and to knowledge of communication–dissemination (with women having a higher score). Overall, students’ KN scores were higher than their SE scores. Statistically significant differences were found among male students in all categories and dimensions except in SE of evaluation and BI of communication–dissemination and among female students except in BI of processing. Information science and pedagogy were the highest scoring degree programs in different dimensions and categories; tourism and social work were the lowest. Male students’ awareness of the importance of using print sources and assessing the quality of information could be improved; female students’ awareness of the importance of knowing information source typologies, academic codes of ethics, and intellectual property laws could be improved. The authors also state that male students’ KN should be increased in the areas of schematizing and abstracting information, handling statistical programs, and knowing the laws on information use and intellectual property, and they point to the need for instructional support to improve all students’ SE across all IL categories. Conclusion – Gender differences were found in various IL competencies as measured by the three scales (BI, SE, KN). Male students were found to believe assessment skills to be most important and to believe themselves more prepared in search skills; however, their actual knowledge was highest in the communication category. In comparison, female students prioritized communication skills and believed themselves more prepared in search skills, with their actual knowledge highest in the search and communication categories. Among both genders, weaknesses were found relating to BI in four competencies (use informal electronic sources, know information search strategies, schematize–abstract information, recognize text structure), to SE in six competencies (use printed sources, know information search strategies, assess quality of information, schematize–abstract information, recognize text structure, write a document), and to KN in five competencies (use printed sources, use electronic sources, use informal electronic sources, determine whether information is updated, and know the code of ethics in the academic field). The students’ mean score was higher for KN than for SE in searching, evaluation, and communication–dissemination. The authors recommend instruction or awareness-raising sessions to help students acquire IL competencies as well as to improve their self-esteem in these areas, with the design of these sessions incorporating the findings on gender differences. They also recommend a review of existing syllabi to help “incorporate the gender perspective into the classroom” (p. 8).

Data Sources and Persistent Identifiers in the Open Science Research Graph of OpenAIRE

In this article, we give an overview of the data source typologies used in OpenAIRE and provide an outline on the role of persistent identifiers in the aggregation, curation and provision workflows that lead to the generation of the Research Graph in OpenAIRE.

Participation in Group Companies as a Source of External Knowledge in Obtaining and Making Profitable Radical Innovations

In the context of potential absorptive capacity, the present work analyzes sources of knowledge through the adjustment between the typology of sources and innovative results. Different external sources can condition the later phases of knowledge absorption. In relation to external sources of knowledge, we enrich their treatment by considering other companies in the same group as deeper relationships. In addition, we analyzed the results regarding the generation of radical innovations with impact on income. The results show that company groups can reduce costs in the exchange of technological knowledge, not only to develop radical innovations but also to improve their economic performance. Furthermore, membership in a group allows a company to obtain a greater economic return when combined with assimilation resources.

Sources of knowledge for innovation capability in subsistence small businesses: a case of the wood sector in Argentina

In developing countries, the business environment is more uncertain, so normally, companies must continually seek new ways to compete, based on their innovation capability. This is especially necessary in small businesses that are created as a way of subsistence of the entrepreneur and their family (subsistence small businesses). The innovation of subsistence small businesses is very important in poorer areas of developing countries. Usually, the innovation systems condition the innovation of the companies, but the small size and the peripheral region can condition this effect. The research analyzes the effect of the different typology of sources of knowledge to increase the innovation capability in these businesses, combining regression with partial least squares. The research shows that external and internal sources of knowledge are important to increase innovation capability, and informal sources of knowledge are more important that formal sources, suggesting political actions to improve this process.

Integrated analysis of sediment source areas in an Alpine basin

In Alpine environment, studying the evolution of sediment mobility from hillslopes to lower landforms and channel network is a challenging task, mainly due to the complex interplay of erosion and colluvial processes, topographic features and climatic conditions. The combination of direct field surveys and digital terrain models can provide a good opportunity to accurately investigate the sediment delivery processes and improve the understanding of geomorphic sediment cascade. The main aim of this work is to analyze sediment dynamics in sediment source areas of an Alpine basin (Rio Cordon catchment, 5 km2), integrating techniques that are usually applied separately: sediment tracing with Passive Integrated Transponders (PITs) and DEM of Difference (DoD). Additionally, the relationship between rainfall characteristics and sediment source behavior was analyzed. Sediment transfer through source areas and the geomorphic evolution of those areas were analyzed by field investigations between October 2017 and September 2018. Specifically, eleven source areas with five different typologies were investigated by installing 268 tracers to analyze sediment mobility along hillslopes. The source areas and the tracers’ displacements monitoring was carried out after snowmelt (late May 2018) and periodically during Summer 2018 (July, August and September. To investigate the geomorphic changes in source areas, high-resolution DEMs (0.05 m cell) were derived with a Structure from Motion (SfM) technique in two different periods, after snowmelt in early June 2018 and in the following September; the collection of these data permitted computation of DoDs. To analyze the rainfall characteristics, five rain gauging stations were used. Rainfall analysis revealed that three different events exceeded the threshold of a two-year recurrence interval for different durations, which in turn were considered to be triggering events for each monitored period. The tracers exhibited an interesting mobility rate (37.7%) with different dynamics for source typologies, while geomorphic evolution computed with DoDs showed consistent changes mainly in debris-flow channels and debris-flow deposits. The rainfall intensity resulted as a variable controlling the sediment mobility through the source areas, while the integration of the two methodologies highlighted how mobilized tracers originate mainly from erosional surfaces. The research provides a detailed analysis of hillslope dynamics in the surveyed area, providing increased knowledge regarding the delivery processes that act on sediment sources and better interpretations of sediment mobility in Alpine environments.

A typology of sources, manifestations, and implications of environmental degradation

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to conceptualize and classify sources, manifestations and implications of environmental degradation.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the typological analysis is used to conceptualize environmental degradation and its components. Then, the concepts are disaggregated into some dimensions organized in row-and-column variables and a cross-tabulated matrix is constructed. Finally, different types of environmental degradation are identified, labeled and discussed.FindingsThe study distinguishes between two types of degradation as pollution and deterioration and accordingly identifies ten types (five pairs) of environmental degradation. Furthermore, the paper presents a conceptual framework and offers insights into the dynamic interchange between the causes and effects of environmental degradation.Originality/valueThe originality/value of this study resides in reducing the ambiguities associated with the concept of environmental degradation and offering a multidimensional framework that can be used in empirical research to organize propositions, test hypotheses, analyze data and construct indexes.

Light-Induced ignition of Carbon Nanotubes and energetic nano-materials: a review on methods and advanced technical solutions for nanoparticles-enriched fuels combustion

Abstract Aim of the present manuscript is to provide an overview of all possible methods and light source typologies used by the different research groups for obtaining the energetic nano-materials’ photo-ignition, showing the latest progress related to such phenomenon employing, also, alternative radiation sources to the common Xe lamp. In fact, the employment of a different source typology can open new usage prospects respect to those enabled by the Xe lamp, mainly due to its technological limitations. Therefore, several studies are faced to test light sources, such as lasers and LEDs, for igniting the nano-energetic materials (as CNTs mixed with metallic catalyzers, Al / CuO nano-particles, etc); these nano-materials are usefully employed for starting, in volumetric and controlled way, the combustion of air-fuel mixtures inside internal combustion engines, leading to significant benefits to the combustion process also in terms of efficiency, reliability, and emissions of pollutants. Several research works are presented in literature concerning the ignition of liquid / gaseous fuels, without nano-particles, employing laser sources (i.e laser-based plugs in place of the common spark plugs); therefore, an innovative solution is proposed that employs multi-point laser-plugs for inducing the ignition of nano-materials dispersed into the air-fuel mixture inside the cylinder, so further improving the combustion of the fuel in an internal combustion engine.

Video use in lecture classes: current practices, student perceptions and preferences

PurposeDespite the expansion of e-learning, higher education still involves live lectures, which students often see as “boring”. Lecture classes can be made more engaging and effective by including videos. However, empirical research is yet to report on current video use in lectures, or on student perceptions of and preferences for videos. The purpose of this paper is to fill that knowledge gap.Design/methodology/approachA two-stage mixed-method study used focus groups to gain a rich understanding of student’s video experiences, preferences and the types of videos they are shown. These understandings were utilised in a detailed on-line survey questionnaire, which was completed by a diverse sample of 773 university students, who responded about their recent in-class video experiences.FindingsStudents report that about 87 per cent of lecture classes included one or more videos. This paper reports on instructor practices, develops a video typology and reports on students’ preferred frequency, type of video, video source, video length and existing vs preferred video integration methods.Practical implicationsThe results provide useful information for educational administrators. Recommendations are made for effective use of videos in lectures by instructors.Originality/valueThis is the first qualitative and survey research investigating current practice and student perceptions of video use during lecture classes. The authors also conduct the first survey with a broad sample across universities and academic disciplines using the unit of analysis of videos seen per course last week. Typologies of sources of videos, instructional functions, video facilitation techniques and types of videos used during lectures are proposed and then measured.

Detextualizing: How to write a history of audiences

This article discusses the specific epistemological and methodological difficulties which historians of audience face while taking stock of recent developments in the field. It starts with a definition of the audience as an entity with both objective and subjective dimensions. It refutes the textualist claim according to which audiences are pure discursive entities. Put into historical perspective, textualism appears as less postmodern than romantic. This article then warns historians against another form of less conscious, ‘rampant textualism’: being influenced by ‘grand narratives’ based on axiologies of hopes and fears triggered by the media. They may provide interesting ideal-types but should not be considered as directly relevant to history. The main part of this article is devoted to a typology of sources, following four categories: from above (coming from media, political, administrative elites), from the side (references to audiences in other media, including art and literature), from below (written and more recently oral expressions of audience members) and from the media themselves (both physical artefacts and media messages). It shows the advantages and drawbacks of each and explains the danger of pitching one against the other (e.g. ‘good’ ethnography, against ‘bad’ statistics).

Towards A Typology of Sources of Inspiration of Student Teachers

ABSTRACT A typology of student teachers’ sources of inspiration in the form of a two-tiered theoreticalframework formed the foundation of a questionnaire administered to student teachers in three different countries.The results of this study show that inspiration amounts to a student teacher being driven, enthused, guided,motivated and self-directed by sources towards the attainment of a goal, in this case to become and remain aprofessional teacher. Although scholars have a good comprehension of what inspires teachers for their profession,there seems to be a facet of this phenomenon that is not yet fully fathomed. This is confirmed in this study, by thefact that the typology regarding teacher inspiration succeeded only in explaining 55.79% of the variance in thedata pool. Address for correspondence: Prof. F. J. PotgieterSchool of EducationFaculty of Education SciencesNorth-West UniversityPrivate Bag X6001Potchefstroom2520 South Africa Telephone: +27182991992 Fax: +27182994712 E-mail: