Source Of Mistakes Research Articles

A Functional vs Projectized approach in Oil and Gas Industry

The development of the oil & gas sector is associated with the constant search for new solutions to challenges facing companies that operate in the industry. One of the major challenges for the future development of the business is the need to increase the level of flexibility and adaptiveness. This conclusion is especially relevant for the oil & gas sector, which is likely to face the risks of energy transition and rising environmental regulations. To address this source of risk, the current study aimed to assess the perspectives of the project management approach used in the oil & gas sector. The specific company selected for the aims of analysis was the ADNOC company, also including a case study of a set of international businesses from different regions of the world. The qualitative research design was applied that was bases on interviews and a case study. The findings of the study demonstrated the high relevance of using the project management approach. Specific technologies that could bring benefits to the industry included production project management, advanced analytics, digitalization, and agile project management. It was found that studying the potential sources of resistance to change and sources of mistakes in terms of project management approach integration in the oil & gas sector was crucial.

Nauczanie języka polskiego jako obcego w grupie Słowian południowych - postulaty programowe

The opening of the borders of the European Union and increasing the number of its members resulted in higher amount of students from the countries of the former Yugoslavia and Bulgaria Bulgaria studying at Polish universities. South Slavs often do not realize the similarity of all Slavic languages. The article presents selected methodological suggestions for planning courses for South Slavs, which would take into account these similarities. However, one should not forget that language similarities can be a source of mistakes: transfer from related languages is also an issue to which the author dedicated a place in her work

КУЛЬТУРНІ РЕАЛІЇ У СЛОВАЦЬКИХ І ЧЕСЬКИХ МНОЖИННИХ ПЕРЕКЛАДАХ РОМАНІВ І. ГОНЧАРОВА: ДИНАМІКА ПЕРЕКЛАДАЦЬКИХ РІШЕНЬ

The article defines the reasons influencing the translation decisions as to recreation of cultural realia in the Slovak and Czech multiple translations of I. Goncharov’s key novels. It has been found that ethnocultural elements of the text, first of all the realia, can be a source of mistakes when translated since the modern generations of readers do not possess the background knowledge on the level needed for the perception of important information contained in the classics’ works, in particular in those by I. Goncharov. That is why a contemporary translator must introduce the reader to the elements of the text connected with the life of people, their culture and world outlook when works of art are being translated. The knowledge of material and moral realia, customs and traditions is an integral part of the background knowledge of a writer, a translator and a reader as well. Much depends on a translator’s aspiration to realize the modern readers’ expectations and update the archaic realia when translated in order to bring the past times closer to the present days. This requires a translator’s freedom from an original. This way there is the only possible to preserve artistic peculiarities of an original since translators in the past strived to recreate the precise structure of a text (sentences) by means of literal translation. However, it was an illusion as to the correctness of translation. That is why translators should be aware of the fact that they should preserve the invariant part of the contents of an original, which should be the result of their work. Herewith, translators should maintain all artistic properties of a classic work.

Measurement and analysis of photoluminescence in GaN

Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy is a powerful tool in studying semiconductor properties and identifying point defects. Gallium nitride (GaN) is a remarkable semiconductor material for its use in a new generation of bright white LEDs, blue lasers, and high-power electronics. In this Tutorial, we present details of PL experiments and discuss possible sources of mistakes. A brief analysis of near-band-edge emission includes basic characterization of GaN, essential findings about excitons in this material, and the explanation of less known details. We review modern approaches of quantitative analysis of PL from point defects in GaN. The updated classification of defects in undoped GaN and their latest identifications are presented. Typical mistakes in the interpretation of PL spectra from GaN are discussed, and myths about PL are refuted.

Punctuation-related Issues in Essays of Lithuanian Language and Literature State Matura Examination

The research object of this article is the essays written during the Lithuanian language and Literature State matura examination in 2019. The aim of the research is to investigate the essays from the perspective of punctuation, identify the most common punctuation mistakes based on the applicable punctuation norms and present methodological recommendations concerning the teaching/learning of punctuation of various syntactical units in the comprehensive school.The quantitative study of the essays confirmed the insights provided by earlier studies concerning a strong tendency of deteriorating pupils’ punctuation skills. By their frequency the mistakes of punctuating the clauses in a complex sentence significantly exceed other mistakes. More troublesome cases include the punctuation of attributes, parentheses and explanatory parts of the sentence. Unmotivated punctuation, which is not based on the internal structure of the sentence, is also rather common in the language practice of pupils. The high number of such mistakes is determined by the poor skills of syntactical and punctuation analysis. Apparently, the overestimation of intonation as a punctuation criterion plays an important role in the occurrence of mistakes.The compulsory punctuation rules are mainly based on syntax. Therefore, it is very important to strengthen the skills and abilities of syntactical analysis. The source of mistakes is both the lack of and poor knowledge of the rules. It is important to make pupils aware that the variety of the variants of optional punctuation is only useful for those who are well versed in punctuation and understand which rules are elementary, compulsory and helping to grasp the thought and which only show its nuances and a different intonation.

Unknown Unknowns in Map Preparation for Historical Atlases

Unknown Unknowns in Map Preparation for Historical Atlases

Protecting the patient is our protection

Optimization and securing of medical practices and procedures has always been very challenging in medicine. However, the real-life clinical settings continue to pose various hazards that may lead medical professionals to unintended mistakes. Pathologists feel particularly responsible and are very concerned about diagnostic discrepancies or even mistakes, since these depend on their interpretive skills and diagnostic expertise. However, a majority of mistakes in daily practice are related to laboratory procedural errors, involving transportation of the specimens, labeling, contamination, cutting, typing, and various others [1]. In contrast to general belief, errors in diagnostic interpretation account for only 25% of the overall failures in surgical pathology practice, with most of the remaining 75% resulting from defective specimens, incorrect patient identification, mislabeling and/or inadequate reports [2]. Dermatopathology is considered to be the pathology subspecialty associated with higher medico-legal risk [3]. It is well known that the most serious problems in dermatopathology emanate from the incorrect interpretation of melanocytic lesions. However, diagnostic limitations are not the only weakness in dermatopathology practice. Although underestimated, the handling of large numbers of small, similar-looking bioptic specimens results very often in unpredictable mistakes. The latter risk is scarcely reported in the literature and has rarely been investigated, since its objective quantification is not easy. There are many vulnerable steps in the routine of a pathology lab, from the initial access to the lab until the final report and communication with the patient’s physician. Errors pervade all levels of the pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical phases, especially in labs that accept a high volume of specimens [3]. The pre-analytical phase, from the arrival at the lab to the commencement of the analysis, is considered the most vulnerable to faults [4]. Receiving the specimen, incorporating the tissue in paraffin blocks and tissue cutting are procedures susceptible to random mistakes and should be systematically controlled [4]. It is generally accepted that the risk of mistakes increases with the number of samples and with the complexity of the required procedure to establish a definite diagnosis. The routine use of immunohistochemical techniques and the increasing interest in new biomolecular markers, which influence management decisions, complicate further this already complex scenario. The article by Weyers included in this issue analyzes the step-by-step process carried out in a pathology lab, outlining the handling of samples and the risk of specimen mix-up. According to the author, a dermatopathology lab could be likened to a factory production line, as it continuously processes and reports on many skin specimens; and in this context, lab mechanisms are particularly susceptible to faults. The author describes all the pathways a biopsy routinely takes, highlighting the pitfalls and recommending preventive strategies for every stage of the procedure. In the era of targeted therapies, when a molecular biology test can be therapeutically strategic, it is crucial to ensure the optimal quality of tissue samples by securing every diagnostic step. Addressing pathology errors and eliminating potential sources of mistakes go hand-in-hand with the right of the patients and their caregivers to a complete, correct, and timely diagnosis. Apart from the aforementioned issues, protecting the patient is also achieved by the accurate and effectivequality checks throughout the system, which in turn protects the physician against malpractice claims while working in the difficult, sometimes under-recognized, but always wonderful, job of dermatopathology.

Back to basics: Avoiding errors in scientific research and publications

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Fra skøn til algoritme

Den danske offentlige sektor præges af en ambitiøs digitaliseringsdagsorden, som blandt andetindebærer automatisering af stadigt flere arbejdsprocesser. Indførslen af ’digitaliseringsklar lovgivning’betyder, at lovgivning skal designes, således at det samtænkes, hvordan administrativeprocesser kan automatiseres, hvordan professionelle skøn kan reduceres, og hvordan dette spillersammen med tekniske løsninger. Problematiseringen af den administrative sagsbehandler og ikkemindst hendes professionelle skøn ændrer organiseringen af arbejdet på væsentlige punkter i denoffentlige sektor – rutinearbejde skal varetages af robotter på ’hovedvejen’, og kun det kompleksearbejde skal varetages af mennesker på ’sidevejene’. Bag dette ligger en effektiviseringstankegangog en ambition om ensartethed og øget retssikkerhed, som kun sjældent tematiserer det kompensationsarbejde,som offentlige ansatte må udføre, når robotter erstatter professionelt skøn.

Derivation in the lexicon: The case of Esperanto

AbstractThis study takes Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG) as its theoretical framework, and applies to the phenomena under study the FDG terminology, which may differ from what many readers are used to. Esperanto has an agglutinating morphology. Its words are built on stems which are associated with contentive lexemes in a flexible system of parts of speech. The language has an elaborate stock of lexically dependent morphemes (roots in FDG) for lexeme building. Many basic words are stem-root combinations in Esperanto. The roots applied in them also appear in complex structures, and can be reordered and interchanged easily to produce different complex stems. For this reason, derivation is taken to be hosted in the lexicon. The lexicon must contain a highly developed procedural knowledge component, of which the derivation system is assumed to be a part. Some of the suffixable roots have homonymous variants that define grammatical processes. The combinatorial freedom of roots provides for a lexical expansion tool which is easy to handle, but not without complications. Problematic is the (in)transitivity of lexemes destined to verbal encoding, when applied in an environment that is not naturally theirs. This phenomenon is known to be an important source of mistakes among speakers of the language. It is argued that the lexicon of Esperanto speakers contains paired transitive and intransitive representations of the most current lexemes of this category. The study aims at providing support to better understand the mechanisms at work inside the lexicon and at the interface between the lexicon and the grammar of agglutinating languages.

Developing a system for advanced monitoring and intelligent drug administration in critical care units using ontologies

When a patient enters an intensive care unit ICU, either after surgery or due to a serious clinical condition, his vital signs are continually changing, forcing the medical experts to make rapid and complex decisions, which frequently imply modifications on the dosage of drugs being administered. Life of patients at critical units depends largely on the wisdom of such decisions. However, the human factor is sometimes a source of mistakes that lead to incorrect or inaccurate actions. This work presents an expert system based on a domain ontology that acquires the vital parameters from the patient monitor, analyzes them and provides the expert with a recommendation regarding the treatment that should be administered. If the expert agrees, the system modifies the drug infusion rates being supplied at the infusion pumps in order to improve the patient's physiological status. The system is being developed at the IMEDIR Center A Coruoa, Spain and it is being tested at the cardiac intensive care unit CICU of the Meixoeiro Hospital Vigo, Spain, which is a specific type of ICU exclusively aimed to treat patients who have underwent heart surgery or that are affected by a serious coronary disorder.

Generalization of the polar representation in time domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy for biological applications: practical implementation

The polar representation or phasor, which provides a fast and visual indication on the number of exponentials present in the intensity decay of the fluorescence lifetime images is increasingly used in time domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy experiments. The calculations of the polar coordinates in time domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy experiments involve several experimental parameters (e.g. instrumental response function, background, angular frequency, number of temporal channels) whose role has not been exhaustively investigated. Here, we study theoretically, computationally and experimentally the influence of each parameter on the polar calculations and suggest parameter optimization for minimizing errors. We identify several sources of mistakes that may occur in the calculations of the polar coordinates and propose adapted corrections to compensate for them. For instance, we demonstrate that the numerical integration method employed for integrals calculations may induce errors when the number of temporal channels is low. We report theoretical generalized expressions to compensate for these deviations and conserve the semicircle integrity, facilitating the comparison between fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy images acquired with distinct channels number. These theoretical generalized expressions were finally corroborated with both Monte Carlo simulations and experiments.

The role of the input scale in parton distribution analyses

A first systematic study of the effects of the choice of the input scale in global determinations of parton distributions and QCD parameters is presented. It is shown that, although in principle the results should not depend on these choices, in practice a relevant dependence develops as a consequence of what is called procedural bias. This uncertainty should be considered in addition to other theoretical and experimental errors, and a practical procedure for its estimation is proposed. Possible sources of mistakes in the determination of QCD parameter from parton distribution analysis are pointed out.

Операции с понятиями: системные характеристики и источники логических ошибок

This article focuses on the essence and features of concept operations. The author introduces the concepts of logical structure, logical and logical-cognitive form, and natural form of operations. The sources of mistakes in concept operation are identified and classified.

AHMET YESEVİ- HACI BEKTAŞ VELİ ÇİZGİSİNDE “VELAYETNAME”NİN ANLAM VE ÖNEMİ HAKKINDA

“In the article the emphasis is on the sources of mistakes in the perception of Alevism-Bektashism. It is reported that beliefs has social and cultural roots and the lack of informations arising from lack of acknowledgement of these social and cultural roots are now creating serious problems It is emphasized that although the fight for personal advantages are having a certain in.fiuence, It is necessary to know/learn Ahmet Yesevi ve Yesevism, Şeyh Safi ve Erdebil Dergahand that Velayetname should be studied also from this perspective.”

What's in an 'is a' link?

AbstractIntroductionSeveral researchers have demonstrated that current medical terminologies and ontologies use relations in inconsistent and ambiguous ways,[1] despite Woods’ seminal work that first illustrated the problem.[2] The goal of the present work is to catalog the different ways in which SNOMED CT uses the is a relation. The rationale for creating the catalog is to serve as a basis for systematically improving the semantics of terminologies and ontologies so as to improve their accessibility to machine inference. Methods I reviewed the literature to find ontological mistakes that change the interpretation of the is a relation, without respect to any particular terminology. I then reviewed the stated relationships table of SNOMED CT, Jan 2009 version, placing them into categories from the literature, and creating new categories when existing categories did not apply. Results I found nine categories of misuse of the is a relation in SNOMED CT (see Table in poster), eight from the literature and one from my analysis. SNOMED CT had an example of every misuse found in the literature. Discussion The January 2009 version of SNOMED CT violates its intended interpretation of the is a relation, which is nearly identical to the definition of Smith et al.[1] I cataloged nine categories of misuse of is a, and found an example of each in SNOMED CT. This study demonstrates for the first time that (1) certain common ontological mistakes, not previously identified as causing misuse of is a, lead to ambiguity in the interpretation of is a, (2) the stated relationships of SNOMED CT are the source of mistakes in the use of the is a relation, (3) SNOMED CT has at least one example of every problem with is a elucidated from the broader literature.

Paralogismos: una contribución de C. Vaz Ferreira al análisis de la argumentación falaz

En recuerdo del 50.o aniversario de C. VAZ FERREIRA (†1958/2008), me propongo, primero, mostrar la singularidad de su idea del paralogismo dentro de la tradición de las falacias, debida no sólo a su peculiar marco «psico-lógico» de planteamiento, sino a su concepción del paralogismo como un proceso o estado de confusión y una fuente de errores mentales y cognitivos antes que discursivos; y segundo, trasladar esta idea al campo actual de la argumentación para aprovechar su poder de sugerencia. Pues la contribución de VAZ FERREIRA no se limita a la lúcida exploración e ilustración del paralogismo como una dimensión del discurrir falaz, antes de él apenas entrevista, sino que además abunda en sugerencias dignas de tenerse en cuenta en la discusión actual en torno a la argumentación falaz.

Fontes de erros na mensuração do comprimento e peso de larvas de peixes

Experiments in the cultivation or ecological with fish larvae, invariably use the length and weight with parameters. Therefore, this experiment was accomplished with larvae of Lophiosilurus alexandri pacama aiming at to determine some sources of mistakes sampling in the measurement of the size and of the weight of fish larvae. It was evaluated five possible sources of mistakes then. The first was the mistake in the measure of the lengths total and standard, due sharpness of two observers' measurement. The second the mistake in the measure of the lengths total and standard, due to the proportionate shrink for the fixative formomalin to 10%. The third party was the mistake due two forms of drying of the larvae in the obtaining of the biomass. The fourth experiment was on the influence of the size and of the grouping of the larvas in the obtaining of weights. Finally the last tested the alteration of the biomass due to the time of permanence of the larvae in the balance. The importance can be verified of to determine and to accomplish an sampling protocol for measurements of fish larvae. For they present size and weight reduced, a small variation in the condition of the mensure, it can alter the result significantly, because significant alterations were verified above for the tests referred.

Difficulties encountered managing nodules detected during a computed tomography lung cancer screening program

The main challenge of screening a healthy population with low-dose computed tomography is to balance the excessive use of diagnostic procedures with the risk of delayed cancer detection. We evaluated the pitfalls, difficulties, and sources of mistakes in the management of lung nodules detected in volunteers in the Cosmos single-center screening trial. A total of 5201 asymptomatic high-risk volunteers underwent screening with multidetector low-dose computed tomography. Nodules detected at baseline or new nodules at annual screening received repeat low-dose computed tomography at 1 year if less than 5 mm, repeat low-dose computed tomography 3 to 6 months later if between 5 and 8 mm, and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography if more than 8 mm. Growing nodules at the annual screening received low-dose computed tomography at 6 months and computed tomography-positron emission tomography or surgical biopsy according to doubling time, type, and size. During the first year of screening, 106 patients underwent lung biopsy and 91 lung cancers were identified (70% were stage I). Diagnosis was delayed (false-negative) in 6 patients (stage IIB in 1 patient, stage IIIA in 3 patients, and stage IV in 2 patients), including 2 small cell cancers and 1 central lesion. Surgical biopsy revealed benign disease (false-positives) in 15 cases (14%). Positron emission tomography sensitivity was 88% for prevalent cancers and 70% for cancers diagnosed after first annual screening. No needle biopsy procedures were performed in this cohort of patients. Low-dose computed tomography screening is effective for the early detection of lung cancers, but nodule management remains a challenge. Computed tomography-positron emission tomography is useful at baseline, but its sensitivity decreases significantly the subsequent year. Multidisciplinary management and experience are crucial for minimizing misdiagnoses.

Estudo de caso: uma reflexão sobre a aplicabilidade em pesquisa no Brasil

It is more and more frequent to conduct scientific research based on qualitative evaluations, usually named qualitative research. The research strategy discussed on this paper - Case Study - asks for qualitative evaluation as its objective is the study of a social unity that is deeply and intensely analyzed. We seek to apprehend the situation in its whole and describe, comprehend and interpret a concrete case complexity in a creative way, by an exhausting and deep diving into a bounded object. Epistemological studies have been showing that a great number of researches oriented by Case Studies present serious deficiencies: intuitive, primitive and impressionistic analysis, that cannot transcend mere historical reports, obviously very far from what is aimed from a scientific work. There are several sources of mistakes that compromise a Case Study. The objective of this paper is to raise and discuss the limitations of the Case Study as it is conceived by Robert Yin, especially due to the enormous difference between Brazilian researchers' infrastructure condition and the North American ones. We deal with the limitations of the type of study, single cases x multiple cases, collaborators' staff, time and financial resources.