Source Of Information For Identification Research Articles

Identification of writing marks from pencil lead through machine learning based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Forensic science indicates writing marks as a powerful source of information for identification of questioned documents in the judicial field. Accordingly, these marks should be analyzed, and whether the marks above originate from the identical or different sources should be verified. In this study, various pencil marks were taken as the examples to be identified through machine learning based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The characteristic lines of C, Mg, Al, Ca, Si and Fe were observed in the spectra. Based on the spectral similarity between pencil marks and pencil lead, the spectrum data of pencil lead were used in the data analysis in order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to build a model to indicate the sample in the principal component space. BP neural network and k-nearest neighbor (KNN) based on PCA were employed to build writing marks identification models, which achieved the identification accuracy of 97.9% and 98.33%, respectively. As revealed by the results, LIBS combined with machine learning can serve as a novel method for document examination, and it has promising applications in the judicial field.

Botulinum Toxin Application in Facial Esthetics and Recent Treatment Indications (2013-2018).

Background:Ever-changing perception of beauty from childhood to old age is changing with the revolution in cosmeceuticals science. Esthetics is an individual's perception since time immemorial. Standards of beauty have changed through centuries with increased awareness about esthetics. The face remains main source of information for identification and discrimination. It constitutes a structural ground for many nonverbal messages including the emotional state of a person, so the proverb “Face is an index of mind” holds good. The wrinkles and laxity are considered to be one of the factors for aging. Hence, escalating demand for cosmetic treatment to reduce facial wrinkles and laxity has stimulated us to search for published literature for nonsurgical techniques for enhancement of facial beauty. The review analyzed the published data to provide narrative basic review in a concise way to the beginners, clinicians, and students.Materials and Methods:We have adopted search criteria using keywords: Botox, Botulinum toxin, incobotulinumtoxinA, esthetics, face, uses of Botox, with various Boolean operators and or in title, and abstract using PubMed search engine. The database search limited to PubMed only from January 2013 to June 2018.Results:Various search results have been appended as annexures at the end of the article for further reference for the readers. Finally, 17 references were selected to write narrative review to meet our objectives.Conclusion:The advancing front in the use of toxins is an emerging science for the beautification of a face. Botox exploded in to market because of efficacy, tolerability, and minimally invasive nature. The present review gives brief about the history of Botulinum toxin, types, mechanism of action, clinical indications, preparations, storage, and technique for various uses with a brief note on patient selection, contraindications, and complications.

Tyto furcata(Tytonidae: Strigiformes) pellets: tools to access the richness of small mammals of a poorly known Caatinga area in northeast Brazil

AbstractOwls are efficient predators and are widely distributed around the globe. Remains of undigested prey is regurgitated by these birds in the form of pellets, and these are a valuable source of information about prey communities and the diet of owls. In this study, the composition of mammals present in the diet of owls that inhabit different caves was evaluated through the analysis of their pellets. We found 373 pellets from seven caves, and small mammals composed at least 80% of the diet of these birds in all caves. The mammal composition found in the pellets showed a richness of 26 distinct taxa including 12 rodents, three marsupials and 11 bats. In this work, we highlight the richness of small mammals in a poorly known Caatinga area. We also highlight the importance of morphology and taxonomy in supporting this kind of research, which relies upon vertebrate parts as its source of information for identification. Finally, we reiterate the efficiency of the study of owl pellets as a rapid approach for assessing local mammal richness and as a complementary method in studies of diversity and conservation.

Phytochemical and pharmacognostic evaluation of leaves of Pongamia pinnata L. (Fabaceae)

Objective: The objective of this study was to carry out phytochemical and pharmacognostic evaluation of leaves of Pongamia pinnata L. (Fabacea). Method: The present study provides pharmacognostic, physicochemical and phytochemical details of the leaves of P. pinnata. Macro and microscopic evaluation and WHO recommended parameters were followed in the study. Results: The macroscopic study showed that the leaf was ovate or elliptic with smooth margins, short petiole, alternate imparipinnate, hairless, acuminate at apex, rounded to cuneate at base and slightly thickened. Microscopic study revealed collateral, closed vascular bundles, trichomes, paracytic stomata, xylem vessels and prismatic calcium oxalate crystals. Physiochemical analysis of leaf showed total ash, water soluble ash and acid insoluble ash as 8.33±0.31, 2.33±0.36 and 0.5±0.0 %w/w respectively. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenes, cardiac glycosides, steroids and saponins. Conclusions: The results of this study can serve as valuable source of information for identification of this plant for future investigation and applications.

A comparison of methods to identify alcohol involvement in youth injury‐related emergency department presentation data

The study aims to compare methods for identifying alcohol involvement in injury-related emergency department (ED) presentation in Queensland youth, and explore alcohol terminology used in triage text. ED Information System data were provided for patients aged 12-24 years with an injury-related diagnosis code for a 5-year period 2006-2010 presenting to a Queensland ED (n=348,895). Three approaches were used to estimate alcohol involvement: (i) analysis of coded data; (ii) mining of triage text; and (iii) estimation using an adaptation of alcohol attributable fractions. Around 6.4% of these injury presentations overall had some documentation of alcohol involvement, with higher proportions of alcohol involvement documented for 18 to 24-year-olds, females, indigenous youth, where presentations occurred on a Saturday or Sunday, and where presentations occurred between midnight and 5 am. The most common alcohol terms identified for all subgroups were generic alcohol terms (e.g. ethanol or alcohol), with almost half of the cases where alcohol involvement was documented having a generic alcohol term recorded in the triage text. ED data are useful sources of information for identification of high-risk sub-groups to target intervention opportunities, though it is not a reliable source of data for incidence or trend estimation in its current unstandardised form. Improving the accuracy and consistency of identification, documenting and coding of alcohol involvement at the point of data capture in the ED is the most desirable long-term approach to produce a more solid evidence base to support policy and practice in this field.

Risk of back pain. Can a servey help? A discriminant analytic approch

Ergonomic research on back pain has evolved around development of techniques such as biomechanical, and postural analyses to assess occupational risk factors. While use of such techniques can often reveal potential for back pain in jobs before injuries have occurred, they require costly equipment and skilled ergonomists. They are also very time-consuming for non-repetitive jobs. It was hypothesized that operator knowledge of a job could be used as a source of information for identification of the risks inherent in a job. It was further postulated that a discriminant function derived from the variables measured through a survey would identify risk factors in a job, and separate jobs into groups of risky and non-risky jobs. To test this method three years' data on back pain accidents pertaining to a steel mill were analyzed to yield a set of candidate jobs. These jobs were then investigated through a survey. A significant discriminant function ( p = 0.0005) was developed using the survey responses and a categorized incidence rate. A high classification accuracy showed that the survey variables could discriminate the jobs well. Job incumbents tended to over-emphasize intensity and dynamic factors and under-emphasize postural factors. The technique of discriminant analysis appears to have an exciting potential for a priori classification of all jobs on a risk continuum for management action.