Source Of Destabilization Research Articles

The ‘US Factor’ in the Satō Administration’s Diplomacy in the Indonesia-Malaysia Conflict, 1964-1966

ABSTRACT Peace efforts to resolve the Indonesia-Malaysia conflict (1963–1966) became an important agenda in Japan’s Southeast Asia policy under Prime Minister (PM) Eisaku Satō. After a cautious start, the Satō government sought to create conditions for the Indonesians and Malaysians to end their armed confrontation (confrontation), which had become a source of destabilisation in Southeast Asia. Japan’s peace efforts began under PM Hayato Ikeda (1960–1964), marking the first time after World War II that Tokyo became involved in attempts to mediate a conflict. These endeavours were carried out in a region where mixed feelings lingered towards Japan for its wartime occupation. This paper investigates the factors that shaped the Satō administration’s engagement in efforts to resolve the confrontation and sheds light on how Japan’s relations with the United States (US) influenced its peace-making role – an aspect on which little has been written in previous studies. The findings indicate that considerations related to Japanese relations with the US were an important driver, although not the only one, of the Satō administration’s diplomatic initiatives to resolve the Indonesia-Malaysia armed confrontation. Furthermore, Japan’s peace efforts contributed to the US policy in Asia.

Fall classification, incidence and circumstances in patients undergoing total knee replacement

The objective was to propose a fall-classification framework for patients undergoing total knee replacement (TKR). In addition, we reinforced the available evidence on fall incidence and circumstances and compared the characteristics of fallers versus. nonfallers. Retrospective and prospective data were collected from 253 subjects with severe knee osteoarthritis who were waiting for primary TKR. Falls were classified considering the location of the destabilizing force, source of destabilization and fall precipitating factor. Fall incidence and circumstances were described; the characteristics of fallers and nonfallers in terms of functional and balance performance were compared with F-tests (95% CI). The fall incidence before surgery was 40.3% (95% CI 34.2% to 46.6%). This figure decreased to 13.1% (95% CI 9.2% to 18.0%) and to 23.4% (95% CI 17.8% to 29.6%) at 6 and 12 months after surgery, respectively. Most falls were caused by destabilizations in the base of support (n = 102, 72%) and were due to extrinsic factors (n = 78, 76%) and trip patterns. Significant differences between fallers and nonfallers were found in knee extensor strength and monopodal stability in the surgical limb (p < 0.05). Falls are prevalent in patients with severe knee osteoarthritis. Symptoms and functional performance improve after surgery, and fall incidence is reduced. Most fall events originate from disruptions in the base of support and are precipitated by extrinsic factors, generally trips during walking activities.

Well-posedness and exponential stability of swelling porous elastic soils with a second sound and distributed delay term

In this paper we consider a one-dimensional swelling porous-elastic system with second sound and distributed delay term. We prove that the combination of the frictional damping with the heat flux effect is strong enough to provoke an exponential decay of the energy even if the delay is a source of destabilization.

The quest for economic stability: a study on Swedish stabilisation policies 1873–2019

ABSTRACT This paper explores the evolution of Swedish stabilisation policies through six policy regimes between 1873 and 2019. We focus on discretionary policy decisions by estimating policy shocks using a SVAR model. Through these shocks, we explore how stabilisation policies have evolved over time and how policymakers responded to key economic events such as financial crises and wars. Our results show three key results (i) policies are often a source of destabilisation rather than stabilisation, (ii) regimes are designed for a specific time and ends when economic circumstances change, and (iii) fixed exchange rates worsen the economic effects of financial crises.

IDENTITY AND THE SENSE OF SUBJECTIVITY IN PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF FAMILY LIFE DESTABILIZATION

The lives of families who take care of people with disabilities are full of unexpected events, unwanted situations, and difficulties that accumulate at every step. Therefore, bearing in mind the purpose of this paper, I focused on determining those conditions which are a source of destabilization in the lives of families with intellectually disabled children. I attemptto reconstruct the sources of threats to the sense of subjectivity and the shaping of the identity of parents who have children with disabilities. The theoretical framework of the analysis is symbolic interactionism. The research material used in the presented article is composed of personal experiences of parents of disabled individuals, and unstructured interviews were performed with these people. Analysis of the research material was performed in accordance with the procedures of grounded theory methodology.

Language Policy of Ukraine as a Source of Ethno-Political Destabilization

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of the language policy on political stability in Ukraine. The article examines the current provisions of the Ukrainian legislation related to the development of language policy, as well as the provisions of the latest draft laws on the status of languages in Ukraine. The authors have analyzed recent trends in the development of language policy, which are a source of destabilization in modern Ukraine.The problem of ethno-political stability becomes one of the key problems for the modern Ukrainian state. This issue was on a par with socio-economic issues and foreign policy interaction. Its scientific analysis is necessary to determine the impact of the state language policy implemented in Ukraine on the development of all regions of the country, which have significant differences in their national composition, history and traditions. In this context, the study of this issue has not only theoretical but also practical importance.One of the draft laws regulating the language sphere assumes that foreign citizens who intend to obtain Ukrainian citizenship will have to take exams in the Ukrainian language. The required level of proficiency will be determined by the national Commission on the standards of the Ukrainian language. It will be created if the bill is passed by Parliament. This Commission will be entrusted with the task of determining the necessary level of proficiency in the state language for the persons willing to occupy certain positions.The bill provides for the introduction of mandatory use of the state Ukrainian language by various authorities. It provides for the use of the Ukrainian language not only for documentation, but also for pre-election campaigns carried out at the expense of the state budget. The main trends that occur in the language sphere of Ukraine prove that they are part of the processes that occur in all the former republics of the USSR. They include the revival of interest in the national language and national culture, the desire to expand the social functions of the national language in different spheres of communication in each of the newly independent states and constitute a part of the process of statehood assertion.

Brexit, existential anxiety and ontological (in)security

ABSTRACTThis article explores how the Brexit Referendum on the UK's membership of the European Union has been a source of destabilisation, dread and ontological anxiety. Focusing mainly on British citizens who voted or self-identified as “Remainers”, and on EU foreign nationals resident in the UK, it shows how existential anxieties have had different points of focus for different groups of people. Confronted with such destabilising anxieties, the article shows how people have adopted different mechanisms designed to reassert a sense of order and certitude often viewed as central to preserving ontological security. The ways in which this has been done, however, can themselves raise important questions.

The Refugee Crisis as a Challenge for Public Law: The Italian Case

Since 2014, the refugee crisis has determined a sharp increase in the number of unauthorized arrivals on the Italian shores. However, contrary to what happened in other less affected European Union countries, the Italian government has not reacted with an antiimmigration policy. Rather, it has tried to reconcile the overarching imperative of a full compliance with EU norms regulating external border controls with the observance of the most compelling humanitarian obligations. The results have been mixed. Both the functionalist bias that is inherent in the administrative action and the legislative inertia during the crisis have produced a detrimental impact on the fundamental freedoms of the migrants. The Article addresses four main constitutional challenges: (1) The lack of legislative authorization for the imposition of coercive means in the context of the “hotspot approach”; (2) the deficiencies of the Italian system for the reception of asylum seekers and refugees, which became a source of destabilization of the Dublin system and the Schengen area; (3) the low level of due process protection that is guaranteed to migrants that are subject to return procedures; and (4) the problematic need to cooperate with third countries that do not adequately protect human rights. The Italian case illustrates a distinctive, yet more general trend. For member states who are geographically exposed to migration flows and whose borders overlap with the external borders of the Schengen area, developing an antiimmigration or anti-EU policy would be short-sighted and self-defeating. Those states need more—rather than less—Europe because they cannot stop the migration inflow. And they need to effectively manage it because it is the only way to keep the Schengen area alive—and not to be excluded from it.

Case 3682 The work ‘The White-cheeked Geese:Branta canadensis, B. maxima, B. ‘lawrensis’, B. hutchinsii, B. leucopareia, andB. minima.Taxonomy, ecophysiographic relationships, biogeography, and evolutionary considerations, Volume 1, Eastern taxa; Volume 2, Western taxa, biogeography, and evolutionary considerations’ by Harold C. Hanson: proposed suppression for nomenclatural purposes

The purpose of this application under Articles 78.1 and 81.1 of the Code is to suppress for nomenclatural purposes the two-volume work ‘The White-cheeked geese: Branta canadensis, B. maxima, B. ‘lawrensis’, B. hutchinsii, B. leucopareia, and B. minima. Taxonomy, ecophysiographic relationships, biogeography, and evolutionary considerations,’ by Harold C. Hanson. Reasons for suppression are the work's many confounded new taxon designations, inappropriately chosen types, inadequately diagnosed new taxa, variable and confused authorships, and a flawed neotype designation. Together they serve as evidence of general nomenclatural dysfunction. If not suppressed, Hanson's work will become a source of destabilisation the nomenclature of the Branta canadensis complex.

The Background of the Disputes over the South China Sea Islands

In the light of the official statements made by the capitals of its coastal states, there is probably not a single centimetre of free space left in this sea, to which a claim has not been issued. In some parts of the sea, the claims of three, four of even five states overlap, creating a truly Gordian knot. The significance of the South China Sea causes that if the dispute over the archipelagos is not settled by implementing peaceful methods and means, at the negotiation table, East Asia region is likely to become a potential source of destabilisation and conflict whose size, in respect to the location and the number of parties directly or indirectly engaged in the dispute might turn out to be extremely hazardous.

Assessing Whether Oil Dependency in Venezuela Contributes to National Instability

The focus of this article is on what role, if any, oil has on Venezuela's instability. When trying to explain why a resource-rich country experiences slow or negative growth, experts often point to the resource curse. The following pages explore the traditional theory behind the resource curse as well as alternative perspectives to this theory such as ownership structure and the correlation between oil prices and democracy. This article also explores the various forms of instability within Venezuela and their causes. Finally, the article looks at President Hugo Chavez's political and economic policies as well as the stagnation of the state oil company, Petroleos de Venezuela (PDVSA). This article dispels the myth that the resource curse is the source of destabilization in many resource dependent countries. Rather than a cause of instability, this phenomenon is a symptom of a much larger problem that is largely structural.

Controlling Peptide Folding with Repulsive Interactions between Phosphorylated Amino Acids and Tryptophan

Phosphorylated amino acids were incorporated into a designed beta-hairpin peptide to study the effect on beta-hairpin structure when the phosphate group is positioned to interact with a tryptophan residue on the neighboring strand. The three commonly phosphorylated residues in biological systems, serine, threonine, and tyrosine, were studied in the same beta-hairpin system. It was found that phosphorylation destabilizes the hairpin structure by approximately 1.0 kcal/mol, regardless of the type of phosphorylated residue. In contrast, destabilization due to glutamic acid was about 0.3 kcal/mol. Double mutant cycles and pH studies are consistent with a repulsive interaction as the source of destabilization. These findings demonstrate a novel mechanism by which phosphorylation may influence protein structure and function.

The role of the exchange rate in Korean economy: A shock absorber or a source of shock

This paper analyzes the role of the exchange rate in Korean economic fluctuations based on a structural vector autoregression model. We employ sign restrictions to identify structural shocks of the VAR model, and examine whether the exchange rate works as a shock absorber or a source of shocks in Korea. We find that nominal shocks play a major role in explaining the real exchange rate fluctuations, especially after the currency crisis. This implies that the exchange rate seems to be a source of destabilization rather than a shock absorber in Korea.

Molecular dynamics study of thin film instability and nanostructure formation

The instability dynamics of a thin liquid film at nanoscale on a substrate, which is confined by an upper wall at a distance, is studied by the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Two sources of instability are investigated in the context of nanostructure generation: (1) substrate heating; (2) electric field. In the case of instability induced by substrate heating, the temperature gradient in the film layer reaches up to 2.5 K per nanometer. A substantial amount of growth is observed at this temperature gradient for the waves with lower wave numbers. The thermocapillarity effect seems to be the major source of the instability. The electric field is imposed on the liquid film by considering the upper wall as an electrode. Three cases of different types of electrodes and interactions are compared on the instability characteristics. The electric field acts as a strong source of destabilization and consistently leads to the formation of structures bridging the substrate and the upper wall. In addition, present MD results are compared with those by the continuum theory, which shows a significant deviation from the present data in the prediction of the formation time.

Minorities in New European Democracies: A Source of Destabilization?

Minorities in New European Democracies: A Source of Destabilization?

Religious extremism in central Asia

The Central Asian republics are bearing the brunt of terrorism fed by religious extremism for the last few years. Uzbekistan, Kyrghyzstan and Tajikistan have suffered the most among the five Central Asian republics. Uzbekistan and Kyrghyzstan are currently facing armed rebel incursions that began in 1999. After the end of the Communist control, the somewhat unsettled situation made the region a happy hunting ground for a new breed of highly motivated Islamic clergy. Countries like Saudi Arabia, Iran and Pakistan liberally provided religious literature and funds for the construction of mosques and religious schools etc. At the same time, the socio‐economic dislocation in the republics and the vacuum following the sudden collapse of the Soviet Union and socialism was cleverly exploited by Islamic radical elements backed by the Taliban. The Taliban helped the Islamic opposition movements of the Central Asian republics providing them sanctuaries and training. The Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU), whose ultimate objective is to establish an Islamic state, was given arms and training in Afghanistan by the Taliban. These linkages have made religious extremism a potent source of destabilisation for the region. The turbulence in the region is unlikely to disappear anytime soon.

The Government of London, 1500–1650

During the sixteenth century London enjoyed considerable political stability, a reflection of a civic ideology which commanded a fair degree of support among the populace, a high degree of popular participation in local government, and a porous elite which continued to reflect the city's commercial interests. Although there were periodic clashes between the crown and the city, these never escalated into full-blown confrontations because of a basically symbiotic relationship between the two. However, religious tensions, which had been successfully contained in the sixteenth century, resurfaced under the early Stuarts and proved the key factor in the polarisation of city opinion in the events of 1640 to 1642. Another source of destabilisation was the growth of the suburbs which remained outside the jurisdiction of the aldermen. It is argued that the problems of the suburbs can be easily exaggerated but that the failure of the aldermen to show much interest in extending their authority into these new areas contributed to the fragmentation of metropolitan identity.

The Government of London, 1500–1650

During the sixteenth century London enjoyed considerable political stability, a reflection of a civic ideology which commanded a fair degree of support among the populace, a high degree of popular participation in local government, and a porous elite which continued to reflect the city's commercial interests. Although there were periodic clashes between the crown and the city, these never escalated into full-blown confrontations because of a basically symbiotic relationship between the two. However, religious tensions, which had been successfully contained in the sixteenth century, resurfaced under the early Stuarts and proved the key factor in the polarisation of city opinion in the events of 1640 to 1642. Another source of destabilisation was the growth of the suburbs which remained outside the jurisdiction of the aldermen. It is argued that the problems of the suburbs can be easily exaggerated but that the failure of the aldermen to show much interest in extending their authority into these new areas contributed to the fragmentation of metropolitan identity.

Exploratory studies on azole carboxamides as nucleobase analogs: thermal denaturation studies on oligodeoxyribonucleotide duplexes containing pyrrole-3-carboxamide.

In order to study base pairing properties of the amide group in DNA duplexes, a nucleoside analog, 1-(2'-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrrole-3-carboxamide, was synthesized by a new route from the ester, methyl 1-(2'-deoxy-3',5'-di-O-p -toluoyl-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)pyrrole-3-carboxylate, obtained from the coupling reaction between 1-chloro-2-deoxy-3,5-di-O -toluoyl-d-erythropentofuranose and methyl pyrrole-3-carboxylate by treatment with dimethylaluminum amide. 1-(2'-Deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrrole-3-carboxamide was incorporated into a series of oligodeoxyribonucleotides by solid-phase phosphoramidite technology. The corresponding oligodeoxyribonucleotides with 3-nitropyrrole in the same position in the sequence were synthesized for UV comparison of helix-coil transitions. The thermal melting studies indicate that pyrrole-3-carboxamide, which could conceptually adopt either a dA-like or a dI-like hydrogen bond conformation, pairs with significantly higher affinity to T than to dC. Pyrrole-3-carboxamide further resembles dA in the relative order of its base pairing preferences (T >dG >dA >dC). Theoretical calculations on the model compound N-methylpyrrole-3-carboxamide using density functional theory show little difference in the preference for a syntau versus anti conformation about the bond from pyrrole C3 to the amide carbonyl. The amide groups in both the minimized antitau and syntau conformations are twisted out of the plane of the pyrrole ring by 6-14 degrees. This twist may be one source of destabilization when the amide group is placed in the helix. Another contribution to the difference in stability between the base pairs of pyrrole-3-carboxamide with T and pyrrole-3-carboxamide with C may be the presence of a hydrogen bond in the former involving an acidic proton (N3-H of T).