Source Of Antiviral Compounds Research Articles

ADMET Screening of Sambucus nigra as Antiviral Agent Through Computational Simulation

Sambucus nigra L. (Elderberry) can be used as a source of antiviral compounds. Previously this medicinal plant was commonly used to fight influenza virus infections that cause flu and cough. Some preliminary research studies showed antiviral activity in Sambucus nigra L. extracts. Sambucus nigra L are used as antiviral agents that work effectively, it is important to do absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) screening, the analysis aims to evaluate and predict the pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties of query compounds. ADMET screening method refers to a way of evaluating the pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties of query compounds in an early stage of drug molecule development. ADMET method can be performed through three research approaches consisting of in silico, in vitro, and in vivo to obtain the pharmacokinetic and toxicological profile of a drug for further testing. The objective in this study is the identification of compounds from Sambucus nigra L. with ADMET properties to be effective antiviral agent candidates. The in silico method used in this study consists of retrieving compounds from the database, molecular visualization, druglikeness prediction, and toxicity assessment. Compounds from Sambucus nigra L. that can be used as antiviral drug candidates consist of catechin, epicatechin, narigenin, and quercetin. The four compounds act as drug-like molecule and have low toxicity. This can be recommended for further tests in identifying molecular mechanisms as antivirals through an in silico and in vitro approach

Endophytic Fungi as a Source of Antiviral Compounds - A Review.

Endophytic fungi are a rich source of secondary metabolites. The interactions between endophytes and their hosts lead to the production of several bioactive substances grouped into different classes, each having a wide variety of effects against various pathogens. The metabolites obtained from these organisms include steroids, alkaloids, phenols, isocoumarins, xanthones, quinones, and terpenoids, among others. These substances are known to have antibiotic, antiparasitic, antifungal, and antiviral effects. This review summarizes secondary metabolites with antiviral effects produced by endophytic fungi and highlights the importance of research in developing novel antiviral substances. We demonstrate that endophytic fungi are a rich source of secondary metabolites that combat pathologies caused by viruses. Optimizing practical and biotechnological screening tools for the research of these metabolites will provide promising drugs to combat these infections.

Sulfated Polysaccharides from Seaweed Strandings as Renewable Source for Potential Antivirals against Herpes simplex Virus 1.

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) remains a prominent health concern widespread all over the world. The increasing genital infections by HSV-1 that might facilitate acquisition and transmission of HIV-1, the cumulative evidence that HSV-1 promotes neurodegenerative disorders, and the emergence of drug resistance signify the need for new antiviral agents. In this study, the in vitro anti-herpetic activity of sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) extracted by enzyme or hot water from seaweeds collected in France and Mexico from stranding events, were evaluated. The anti-herpetic activity evaluation of the semi-refined-polysaccharides (sr-SPs) and different ion exchange purified fractions showed a wide range of antiviral activity. Among them, the sr-SPs from the Rhodophyta Halymenia floresii showed stronger activity EC50 0.68 μg/mL with SI 1470, without cytotoxicity. Further, the antiviral activity of the sr-SPs evaluated at different treatment schemes showed a high EC50 of 0.38 μg/mL during the viral adsorption assays when the polysaccharide and the virus were added simultaneously, whilst the protection on Vero cell during the post-infection assay was effective up to 1 h. The chemical composition, FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopic, and molecular weights of the sr-SPs from H. floresii were determined and discussed based on the anti-herpetic activity. The potential utilization of seaweed stranding as a source of antiviral compounds is addressed.

A Short Overview of Curcuma aeruginosa with Curative Potentials Against COVID-19

COVID-19 (coronavirus disease) is an infectious disease of the respiratory tract caused by SARS-CoV-2. Nature has provided a great source of antiviral compounds, from which innovative products for the treatment of COVID-19 can be produced. One of the medicinal plants that can be developed for the treatment of COVID-19 is Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. Previous studies have found tracheospasmolytic and anti-inflammatory activity of this indigenous Curcuma species. There are 10 chemical compounds from Curcuma aeruginosa that have been proven against COVID-19, namely 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol), α-terpineol, β-caryophyllene, β-eudesmol, β-pinene, β-sitosterol, curcumenol, palmitic acid, succinic acid and zingiberene. Further research is needed for C. aeruginosa to become a new antiviral drug for the treatment of COVID-19.

Phosphoanalogues of amino acids involved in methionine metabolism as a new source of antiviral compounds

84 Biological methylation is of primary importance in cell metabolism [1]. The major donor of methyl groups used in biological methylation is S-adenosylmethionine (Met(Ado)), which is converted to S-adenosylhomocysteine Hcy(Ado), the only inhibitor of methylation reactions. The intracellular level of Met(Ado) is regulated by hydrolase (Fig. 1). The nucleoside inhibitors of this enzyme increase the concentration of S-adenosylhomocysteine, which results in suppression of activity of Met(Ado)-dependent methyltransferases, including viral mRNA methylases, and determines the antiviral activity of such compounds [1, 2]. The selectivity of effect of hydrolase inhibitors is low. These compounds inhibit methylation of the main classes of biological molecules, which determines the toxicity of antiviral compounds belonging to the group of nucleoside inhibitors. The search for specific inhibitors of Met(Ado) exchange and methionine metabolism (Fig. 1) remains to be a promising direction in the chemotherapy of viral infections [2].