Source Of Anti-inflammatory Drugs Research Articles

Natural products as a crucial source of anti-inflammatory drugs: recent trends and advancements

Natural products as a crucial source of anti-inflammatory drugs: recent trends and advancements

BIOSYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY STUDY OF HEMIGRAPHIS COLORATA LOADED SILVER NANOPARTICLES

Objective: This study targeted at the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effects of Hemigraphis colorata silver nanopartilces (HAgNPs).
 Methods: The HAgNPs were photosynthesized and characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy. The in vitro anti-inflammatory properties of HAgNPs were assessed by evaluating inhibition of protein denaturation and membrane stabilization ability assay.
 Results: HAgNPs exhibited an absorbance peak at 450 nm, characteristic for AgNPs, and their sizes ranged from 20 to 90 nm. The anti-inflammatory potential of HAgNPs when compared with H. colorata extract suggests that the AgNPs along with polyphenols and flavonoids from H. colorata can act as reducing or inhibiting agent on the release of acute inflammatory mediators.
 Conclusion: The biologically synthesized HAgNPs could be of enormous use in the medical field for their proficient anti-inflammatory activity, which can be utilized as novel therapeutic agent for prevention and cure of inflammation due to biocompatible nature. This work clearly demonstrates HAgNPs as a budding source for anti-inflammatory drugs.

LPS로 자극된 RAW 264.7 세포에서 p-JNK 및 p-p38 하향 조절을 통한 차요테 추출물의 항염증 효과

The macrophages, known as major cells involved in inflammatory response, are activated by immune cell-producing cytokine as well as by several stimuli to produce proinflammatory cytokine, and nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE₂) with are related with inducinle NOS (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). In this study, the anti-inflammatory activity and non-toxicity of Sechium edule extract (SEE) were tested by measuring the expression level of NO, PGE₂, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Sechium edule extract-treated in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Sechium edule extract inhibited the production of NO, PGE2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in a dose-dependent manner but without compromising cell viability. In addition, we confirmed that the inhibition activity of Sechium edule extract on the production of NO and PEG2 was via the downregulation of iNOS and COX-2, respectively. Moreover, expression levels of the phosphorylation of Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) family such as c-Jun Ntermical kinases (JNK) and p38 were reduced by Sechium edule extract. Our results clearly indicate that Sechium edule extract can be a potential new source for anti-inflammatory drugs and healthcare product ingredients.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Sonchus oleraceus Extract in Lipopoly saccharide-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells

The anti-inflammatory activity and non-toxicity of Sonchus oleraceus extract (J6) were tested by measuring its effect on the levels of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. We treated the RAW264.7 cells with various concentrations (50, 100, or 200 μg/mL) of J6. Our results showed that J6 inhibited the production of NO, PGE2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in a concentration-dependent manner, without compromising cell viability. In addition, we provided supporting evidence that the inhibitory activity of J6 on the production of NO and PGE2 occurred via the downregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), respectively. Our findings suggest that J6 is a new source for anti-inflammatory drugs and ingredients for healthcare products that include functional cosmetics.

Nature is the best source of anti-inflammatory drugs: indexing natural products for their anti-inflammatory bioactivity.

The aim was to index natural products for less expensive preventive or curative anti-inflammatory therapeutic drugs. A set of 441 anti-inflammatory drugs representing the active domain and 2892 natural products representing the inactive domain was used to construct a predictive model for bioactivity-indexing purposes. The model for indexing the natural products for potential anti-inflammatory activity was constructed using the iterative stochastic elimination algorithm (ISE). ISE is capable of differentiating between active and inactive anti-inflammatory molecules. By applying the prediction model to a mix set of (active/inactive) substances, we managed to capture 38% of the anti-inflammatory drugs in the top 1% of the screened set of chemicals, yielding enrichment factor of 38. Ten natural products that scored highly as potential anti-inflammatory drug candidates are disclosed. Searching the PubMed revealed that only three molecules (Moupinamide, Capsaicin, and Hypaphorine) out of the ten were tested and reported as anti-inflammatory. The other seven phytochemicals await evaluation for their anti-inflammatory activity in wet lab. The proposed anti-inflammatory model can be utilized for the virtual screening of large chemical databases and for indexing natural products for potential anti-inflammatory activity.

Anti-inflammatory effects of essential oils from Chamaecyparis obtusa via the cyclooxygenase-2 pathway in rats

Essential oils are concentrated hydrophobic liquids containing volatile aromatic compounds from plants. In the present study, the essential oil of Chamaecyparisobtusa (C.obtusa), which is commercially used in soap, toothpaste and cosmetics, was extracted. Essential oil extracted from C.obtusa contains several types of terpenes, which have been shown to have anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, we examined the anti-inflammatory effects of C.obtusa essential oil invivo and invitro following the induction of inflammation by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in rats. While LPS induced an inflammatory response through the production of prostaglandinE2 (PGE2) in the blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMNCs), these levels were reduced when essential oil was pre-administered. Additionally, the mechanism of action underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of C.obtusa essential oil was investigated by measuring the mRNA expression of inflammation‑associated genes. LPS treatment significantly induced the expression of transforming growth factorα (TNFα) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in rats, while C.obtusa essential oil inhibited this effect. Taken together, our results demonstrate that C.obtusa essential oil exerts anti‑inflammatory effects by regulating the production of PGE2 and TNFα gene expression through the COX-2 pathway. These findings suggest that C.obtusa essential oil may constitute a novel source of anti-inflammatory drugs.

Margotia gummifera essential oil as a source of anti-inflammatory drugs

As part of our ongoing study on the valorization of aromatic plants, the present study was designed to elucidate the composition, scavenging potential, anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxicity of Margotia gummifera essential oils.Umbels were submitted to hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus and the oils were analyzed by GC and GC–MS. For the anti-inflammatory activity, an in vitro model of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages was used and the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production was quantified through the Griess reagent, in the presence of the essential oil or its main compounds. NO scavenging potential was assessed using an NO donor and the cytotoxicity was evaluated on macrophages, keratinocytes and alveolar epithelial cells.The oils were characterized by high contents of monoterpene hydrocarbons, being the major compounds myrcene (20.4–23.0%) and sabinene (21.0–23.5%). The oil, myrcene and sabinene significantly inhibited NO production without affecting cell viability and showed a very effective NO scavenging potential, sabinene being the most active compound.These results suggest that M. gummifera essential oil, sabinene and myrcene should be explored as a natural source of new antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drugs for the development of food supplements, nutraceuticals or plant-based medicines.

Hot Cuisine as a Source of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

The shift in nutritional sciences from survival and safety to the promotion of well-being has led to systematic investigations on the biological activity of natural products of dietary origin, questioning the assumption that food plants contain little if any secondary metabolites apart those revealed by our senses and responsible for their colour, taste, and flavour. With 25% of the human population consuming chilli pepper every day, capsaicin is the most important pharmacological agent we get from our diet, and the study of its pungency set in motion a multidisciplinary investigation that ultimately led to the discovery of vanilloid receptors (TRPVs), a class of ion channels involved in thermo-, chemo-, and mechanosensation, and whose malfunctioning is implicated in neurogenic inflammation and a host of other pathological conditions. A series of studies centred on the modification of capsaicin will be described, focusing on a) the preparation of a library of unnatural natural capsaicinoids and the identification of leads with the lipophilic C-moiety amenable to structure-activity study, and b) the reversal of the biological activity of capsaicin from a TRPV1 agonist into an antagonist by modification of its vanillyl moiety.