Source Community Research Articles

Investigating trends in antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from clinical urine specimens in the Orkney Islands.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are extremely common, affecting people of all ages and health statuses. Although UTIs do not usually cause severe illness, in some cases they can lead to more serious complications, especially if their initial treatment is ineffective due to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). AMR is an increasing issue, exacerbated by misdiagnosis and inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics, thus facilitating further resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the rates of AMR in Escherichia coli isolated from clinical urine specimens tested at the Balfour Hospital, Orkney, and determine trends related to patient risk factors. Antibiotic susceptibilities were tested for 100 isolates of uropathogenic E. coli using the VITEK 2 Compact (bioMérieux), and data were analysed using percentage resistance rates. Resistance rates were compared by patient sex, age and source (hospital versus community). The findings showed higher AMR in males compared with females, particularly for trimethoprim (TMP), with 52% in males and only 12% in females. AMR tended to be higher in E. coli isolated from hospital inpatients than from community specimens, except for amoxicillin (AMX) and co-amoxiclav. Finally, the study found that AMR of E. coli isolates was greater in patients aged over 50 than 18-50 years old, particularly for AMX and TMP. The highest resistance rates across all patient demographics were for AMX, implying that the use of this antibiotic for the treatment of E. coli UTIs is not appropriate.

NURTURING DOMESTIC OPEN-SOURCE TALENTS TO EMPOWER NEW-QUALITY PRODUCTIVITY: CONNOTATIVE CHARACTERISTICS AND DIRECTION OF PROMOTION

The domestic open source industry is showing a vigorous development trend, with many industrial-level open source projects springing up, injecting new vitality into China's independent innovation and industrial development. However, in the face of global competition, we must face up to the challenges we are currently facing. China's open source community is still in a disadvantageous position on the international stage. There is a significant gap between the performance of enterprises in the open source field and that of foreign countries, and there is also a serious shortage of open source talent reserves in domestic universities. In view of this, this article deeply analyzes the shortcomings in the development of open source industry talents, focuses on how to inject strong impetus into new productivity, and deeply explores the connotation characteristics and promotion path of open source talent cultivation, emphasizing the key role of open source talents in the formation of new productivity. Based on these analyses, this article proposes a series of countermeasures and suggestions, including supporting the development of open source communities, strengthening the construction of open source talent teams in enterprises, strengthening the cultivation and echelon construction of open source talents in universities, integrating talent elements and scientific and educational resources, and exerting the siphon effect of talents, aiming to help China achieve a leading position in the open source industry and promote the sustainable development of new productivity.

Virtual repatriation as a methodological reframing for museum learning in the digital age: repositioning, digital transformation, and collaborative meaning-making

ABSTRACT Although virtual repatriation projects have been utilised by many museums to redress the dichotomy between possession of displaced legacies and decolonisation-oriented outreach for source communities, their procedures and outputs often do not fully realise the decolonising initiatives. By arguing that latent educational potential is embedded within such projects, this study utilises the current virtual repatriation practice as a methodological reframing for museum learning. Drawing on previous cross-disciplinary research in decolonisation, digitalisation and museum learning, this study repositions virtual repatriation as a community-oriented methodological approach for building object-based reciprocal interfaces. It is argued that these interfaces help integrate, mobilise, and empower digital learners and people from source communities in the process of meaning-making. Also, whilst these object-based reciprocal interfaces are framed by source communities and museums at the initial stage, in the long term, they are inherently made alive through ongoing meaning-making and knowledge reciprocation within and across nodes of participation in the digital world.

Strategic approach to accelerating regional bioenergy development: Bioelectricity for emission reduction and sustainability

The western Himalayas hold significant potential for generating bioelectricity from dry pine needle biomass. This approach provides multiple benefits, including forest fire prevention, electricity generation, and emission reduction. However, despite these advantages, the growth of this sector has fallen short of expectations. The projected electricity generation potential from pine needle biomass in this region could lead to a significant annual emission reduction of 1.7 MtCO2e through forest fire prevention and an additional 0.49 MtCO2e by displacing carbon-intensive grid electricity. Regional bioenergy development plays a crucial role in the global energy transition and aligns with SDG 13, "Climate Action," and SDG 7, "Affordable and Clean Energy." By focusing on bioenergy as a renewable and accessible energy source, local and regional communities can contribute to climate action while simultaneously ensuring affordable and clean energy for their communities. Therefore, this paper employs a hybrid SWOT-AHP analysis as a strategic planning tool to achieve emission reduction targets by stimulating regional bioenergy growth. Twenty-nine SWOT factors were identified under four variables, and then the AHP technique was employed to assign priority weights to both SWOT variables and factors. Combining SWOT with AHP analysis provides quantitatively determined priorities for the factors, enabling their objective comparison. Eventually, this study offers a comprehensive perspective that leads to policy recommendations and serves as a valuable resource for relevant stakeholders, policymakers, and researchers seeking to achieve emission reduction goals through bioelectricity generation.

Closing the gap: examining the impact of source habitat proximity on plant and soil microbial communities in post-mining spoil heap succession.

Revegetation of barren substrates is often determined by the composition and distance of the nearest plant community, serving as a source of colonizing propagules. Whether such dispersal effect can be observed during the development of soil microbial communities, is not clear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate which factors structure plant and soil bacterial and fungal communities during primary succession on a limestone quarry spoil heap, focusing on the effect of distance to the adjoining xerophilous grassland. We established a grid of 35 plots covering three successional stages - initial barren substrate, early successional community and late successional grassland ecosystem, the latter serving as the primary source of soil colonization. On these plots, we performed vegetation surveys of plant community composition and collected soil cores to analyze soil chemical properties and bacterial and fungal community composition. The composition of early successional plant community was significantly affected by the proximity of the source late successional community, however, the effect weakened when the distance exceeded 20 m. Early successional microbial communities were structured mainly by the local plant community composition and soil chemical properties, with minimal contribution of the source community proximity. These results show that on small spatial scales, species migration is an important determinant of plant community composition during primary succession while the establishment of soil microbial communities is not limited by dispersal and is primarily driven by local biotic and abiotic conditions.

Drivers and consequences of microbial community coalescence.

Microbial communities are undergoing unprecedented dispersion and amalgamation across diverse ecosystems, thereby exerting profound and pervasive influences on microbial assemblages and ecosystem dynamics. This review delves into the phenomenon of community coalescence, offering an ecological overview that outlines its four-step process and elucidates the intrinsic interconnections in the context of community assembly. We examine pivotal mechanisms driving community coalescence, with a particular emphasis on elucidating the fates of both source and resident microbial communities and the consequential impacts on the ecosystem. Finally, we proffer recommendations to guide researchers in this rapidly evolving domain, facilitating deeper insights into the ecological ramifications of microbial community coalescence.

Conservation of Native American Indigenous collections: views from both sides of the Atlantic

ABSTRACT Originating communities have long contested the ownership, conservation, and care of cultural heritage in museums. From cultural sensitivity to repatriation, human remains to sacred belongings and everyday items to regalia, caring for these collections involves varying levels of controversy. This article focuses on the conservation frameworks in the United States and France, whose legal and administrative aspects differ tremendously. This has a major influence on the application of preservation procedures. The existing literature and some notable projects aimed at resolving such tensions between museums and so-called source communities will be briefly reviewed, directing the reader to previously published sources. The final section presents past and present conservation projects that deal with Native American collections in US and French museums, and assesses commonalities and variations in approaching these issues on either side of the Atlantic.

Distinct microbial community structures formed on the biofilms of PLA and PP, influenced by physicochemical factors of sediment and polymer types in a 60-day indoor study

Microplastics (MPs) are colonized by biofilm-forming microbes. Biodegradable plastics, popular replacements for traditional plastics, still have unknown biofilm formation characteristics. We conducted a 60-day indoor experiment, where sediment was exposed to traditional MPs (polypropylene, PP), biodegradable MPs (polylactic acid, PLA), and glass beads (GLASS). The microbial communities in the MPs-biofilm were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing. Results indicated that Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum on all substrates, followed by Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes. At the genus level, the majority of microorganisms colonizing PP possessed nitrification and denitrification capabilities, while the dominant bacteria on PLA were capable of degrading lignin, cellulose and carbon metabolism. The genus Sphingomonas, a promising bacteria capable of degrading biodegradable microplastics, was particularly discovered on the PLA biofilm, meanwhile, bacterial colonization of PLA indirectly increased the potential for human transmission of pathogens. Redundancy analysis revealed that the pH and moisture significantly affected the bacterial communities. Pearson correlation heatmap indicated that the abundance of the majority of dominant bacterial genera of two MPs biofilms is negatively correlated with the physicochemical parameters of sediment (pH, moisture, TN, TP), except for salinity. The microbial communities associated with PP and PLA exhibited distinct differences caused by the combined effects of changes in physicochemical properties of sediment and different material substrates. This study provides further evidence of the significant selective features exhibited by microbial colonization on these two MPs when exposed to the same source community, offering insights into the exploration of promising bacteria for MPs degradation.

Dynamics of Competition on Openness Strategies and Software Maintenance

Software firms are increasingly adopting an open source strategy, allowing them to leverage the effort exerted by the open source community toward improving software quality. In addition to embracing a proprietary or fully open source strategy, several firms choose a partial openness strategy wherein only certain parts of the code are open source while the rest is proprietary. Specifically, when adopting a partial openness strategy, a firm may choose to make the core software code open source while keeping the extension software code proprietary or keep the core proprietary and make the extension open source. When making decisions related to different openness strategies, firms need to take into account the level of effort they are exerting toward the improvement of the quality of software, the level of engagement of the open source community, and pricing. Hence, the decisions related to a firm’s openness strategy are not straightforward. While this is an important question for many firms, it has not been analyzed in the literature. In this research, we attempt to fill this important gap by analyzing different openness strategies in the context of resource allocation for fixing defects. Specifically, using a game-theoretic model, we explore when a firm should make its software fully open source or partially open source and when it should keep it proprietary. Our results show that when the baseline demand for the firm increases with the extent of openness, the firm should either make its software fully open or keep it proprietary and, importantly, should not rely on partial openness. Next, in scenarios where customers are highly sensitive to security risks, the demand loss to efficiency gain ratio has an important role in determining a firm’s optimal openness strategies. These findings provide important insights to firms on how to effectively plan their openness strategies and also establish a basis for future research on the topic of partial openness.

PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT BERBASIS POTENSI LOKAL DI DESA MOMALA KECAMATAN DUNGALIYO KABUPATEN GORONTALO

Observation of the Momala village community was the first step taken by Gorontalo University community service work (KKP) students, which was more appropriate in the Momala village. The observations began by going around all the hamlets in Momala village. During our observations in Momala village, what we found was that the community's source of income was farming. So we students of the Community Service College (KKP) take one core program, namely making Moringa leaves into tea. Observation or observavi aims to design a community service work program, what are the shortcomings in Momala village so that we, Community Service Work College (KKP) students can implement the program according to the needs of the Momala village community.

Factors influencing students’ sustained use of open source communities

Factors influencing students’ sustained use of open source communities

A Web Semantic Mining Method for Fake Cybersecurity Threat Intelligence in Open Source Communities

In order to overcome the challenges of inadequate classification accuracy in existing fake cybersecurity threat intelligence mining methods and the lack of high-quality public datasets for training classification models, we propose a novel approach that significantly advances the field. We improved the attention mechanism and designed a generative adversarial network based on the improved attention mechanism to generate fake cybersecurity threat intelligence. Additionally, we refine text tokenization techniques and design a detection model to detect fake cybersecurity threats intelligence. Using our STIX-CTIs dataset, our method achieves a remarkable accuracy of 96.1%, outperforming current text classification models. Through the utilization of our generated fake cybersecurity threat intelligence, we successfully mimic data poisoning attacks within open-source communities. When paired with our detection model, this research not only improves detection accuracy but also provides a powerful tool for enhancing the security and integrity of open-source ecosystems.

Free open source communities sustainability: Does it make a difference in software quality?

ContextFree and Open Source Software (FOSS) communities’ ability to stay viable and productive over time is pivotal for society as they maintain the building blocks that digital infrastructure, products, and services depend on. Sustainability may, however, be characterized from multiple aspects, and less is known how these aspects interplay and impact community outputs, and software quality specifically.ObjectiveThis study, therefore, aims to empirically explore how the different aspects of FOSS sustainability impact software quality.Method16 sustainability metrics across four categories were sampled and applied to a set of 217 OSS projects sourced from the Apache Software Foundation Incubator program. The impact of a decline in the sustainability metrics was analyzed against eight software quality metrics using Bayesian data analysis, which incorporates probability distributions to represent the regression coefficients and intercepts.ResultsFindings suggest that selected sustainability metrics do not significantly affect defect density or code coverage. However, a positive impact of community age was observed on specific code quality metrics, such as risk complexity, number of very large files, and code duplication percentage. Interestingly, findings show that even when communities are experiencing sustainability, certain code quality metrics are negatively impacted.ConclusionFindings imply that code quality practices are not consistently linked to sustainability, and defect management and prevention may be prioritized over the former. Results suggest that growth, resulting in a more complex and large codebase, combined with a probable lack of understanding of code quality standards, may explain the degradation in certain aspects of code quality.

Disinformation and Narrative Building: A Study on Chinese Local Applications

The current research aimed to measure the impact of information source, information channel, information verification,and information community response on narrative building in China. The motivation of this research was to provide recommendations to reduce the spread of fake information on social media platforms, which can harm the community. The population of this study was Chinese, and a sample of 390 respondents was considered for research findings. Partial Least Square – Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze data. The research empirically confirmed that information sources, information channels, information verification, and information community response are significant in narrative building in China. The findings of this research contributed to the inconclusive discussion by the previous studies in the literature. The study practically recommends the findings focus on information source, channel, verification, and community response before working on it

Following community guidelines in publishing Native American archaeological collections online

ABSTRACT Multiple sources of pressure are impacting museum professionals who steward Native American collections as they decide what should be made available to the public. This includes sharing imagery of collections through online portals – a cornerstone of the Open Museums movement, but something many Native American communities have concerns over. A systematic program reviewing the archaeological collections from North America held at the National Museum of American Indian provided an opportunity to reach out to source communities to discuss what should be made publicly available online. Examples are provided along with a broader description of this outreach, resultant changes, and how similar projects might be needed at other museums.

Optimum hydraulic retention time, the best microbial community genus, and carbon sources in woodchip denitrifying bioreactors: a mini review

ABSTRACT Different factors affect the performance of denitrifying bioreactors. Hydraulic retention time (HRT), carbon source, and microbial community genus are three of the most important factors that affect the performance of denitrifying bioreactors. This study aimed to evaluate the best possible case of these factors. So, this study reviewed 42 papers between 2016 and 2023. Woodchips with 50% of particles >13 mm are recommended to be used in denitrifying bioreactors. Also, sedge, straw, and potato residues have better performance in comparison with woodchip. It can be seen that the performance of bioreactors is optimized at HRTs higher than 24 h. Microbial community genus belongs to Pseudomonas family bacteria, and Thauera and Halomonas species have an acceptable efficiency in unfavorable conditions.

Los "antiguos peruanos" de la antropología americana: la arqueología de los Andes del siglo XIX como nexo de investigación global

Between 1820 and 1920, American anthropologists acquired more human remains of Andean origin than those of any other individual population worldwide. This article explains why in 1965 in the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History, anthropologists represented the growth of all humanity using 160 Andean skulls. Using archival sources, it argues that the excavation and interpretation of Andean ancestors in Peru prior to 1900 was foundational to the development of Americanist anthropology as a whole, and should be understood as the necessary preface to the more famous development of archaeology in Peru under Uhle and Tello. Exploration of this history is necessary in light of recent efforts in the United States to return or repatriate ancestral remains to source communities.

TUBERAIDER: Attributing Coordinated Hate Attacks on YouTube Videos to Their Source Communities

TUBERAIDER: Attributing Coordinated Hate Attacks on YouTube Videos to Their Source Communities

European effort to improve highly charged heavy ion beam capabilities with ECR ion sources (invited)

The European Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) community has more than 20 years of experience working together in various EU-funded projects. In the recent project, called ERIBS (European Research Infrastructure – Beam Services), the community will focus on improving ion beam services for the EURO-LABS (European-Laboratories for Accelerator Based Sciences) research infrastructures. The EURO-LABS is a four-year project funded by the Horizon Europe program of the European Commission for years 2022 - 2026. In the ERIBS collaboration the best expertise, know-how and practices of the ECRIS community will be exploited and transferred between the partners to take full advantage of the European ion source infrastructure. The aim is to extend the beam variety available for the European user community by developing beam production methods and techniques. This development includes further improvement of technologies related to high temperature ovens, axial sputtering and MIVOC method for all the participating laboratories. We will also aim to improve both short- and long-term plasma and beam stability, as well as methods for online monitoring of these conditions. This can be realized, for example, by optical emission spectroscopy, identifying kinetic plasma instabilities by means of hard x-ray detection and using online beam current monitoring systems. An example of the recent developments is the new collaboration proposed by the CNRS-IPHC team to synthesize enriched MIVOC compounds for the other ERIBS partners. For example, the team successfully prepared an enriched chromocene compounds, which were needed to produce intensive 54Cr and 50Cr beams for the JYFL and GANIL nuclear physics programs, respectively.

Knowledge Sharing and Cumulative Innovation in Business Networks

How can we explain the success of cooperative networks of firms which share innovations, such as Silicon Valley or the Open Source community? This paper shows that if innovations are cumulative, making an invention publicly available to a network of firms may be valuable if the firm expects to benefit from future improvements made by other firms. A cooperative equilibrium where all innovations are made public is shown to exist under certain conditions. Furthermore, such an equilibrium does not rest on punishment strategies being followed after a deviation: it is optimal not to deviate regardless of another firm’s actions following a deviation. A cooperative equilibrium is more likely to arise the greater the number of firms in the network. When R&D effort is endogenous, cooperative equilibria are associated with strategic complementarities between firms’ research effort, which may lead to multiple equilibria.