Sound Reaction Time Research Articles

중학교 엘리트 야구선수들의 포지션별 눈-손 협응력과 반응시간 비교

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the eye-hands coordination and reaction time (light-response, sound-response) from different positions (infielder, out-fielder, pitcher, and catcher) of middle school elite baseball players. The total subjects of this study were 152 of middle school elite baseball players. The players were divided into infielder group (IG, n=58), outfielder group (OG, n=25), pitcher group (PG, n=52), and catcher group (CG, n=17). Visual perception-motor coordination was measured by a T-Wall visual reactor, an eyes-hands coordination measurement tool. The reaction time was assessed by using a response measuring instrument. The results of this study showed that in run-time for eyes-hands coordination was significantly shorter in IG and PG compared to OG, and total penalty scores were lower in IG and PG compared to CG. Systemic reaction time, In light-reaction time, IG were significantly faster than OG and CG, Also, in sound-reaction time, IG was significantly faster than CG. The eye-hands coordination (total score, runtime) showed a significant correlation with reaction time (light-reaction time: r=.330, sound reaction time: r=.418). These results indicate that there are differences of eye-hands coordination and reaction time based on positions from the middle school baseball players. Therefore, a eye-hands coordination training program should be established to improve the performance and to develop potentiality for the youth baseball players.

Effect of Handedness and Footedness on Some Motoric Characteristics in Amateur Soccer Players

The present study aims to compare the strength of right and left legs and reaction times of soccer players depending on their hand and foot preferences. The study included 92 volunteers chosen from amateur soccer players. The measurements conducted on the subjects were anthropometric characteristics, foot reaction times (sound, light) and right and left foot squat parameters. The t-test was used for statistical procedures. Among the amateur soccer players who participated in this study, it was found that 19.57% used left hand and 67.39% used right hand as preferred. Soccer players using both hands equally were found with a rate of 13.4%. In terms of foot preference, it was found that 22.83% of the participants used left foot and 43.48% of the participants used right foot as preferred. The soccer players using both feet equally was found as 33.70%. No significant difference was found between right handers and left handers in reaction time measurements when the soccer players were grouped by hand preference. When compared with left footed players (0.29 sec), only the right foot sound reaction time of right footed players was significantly shorter (0.21 sec) at p<. 05 level. Statistically significant correlation was found between soccer players’ hand and foot preference at a level of p< 0.01. Left footed players had significantly higher left leg mean squat (37.19 kg) when compared with right footed players (32.27 kg). No significant difference was found between right footed (35.36 kg) and left footed (33.98) subjects in terms of mean of right leg squat. Conclusion: According to the hand preference, the proportion of those who use equally two feet increased. Reaction times and force's squat of the dominant hands and feet were better. Training programs for soccer players planned according to individual characteristics including footedness may result in performance increase and decrease in injury as a result of reduced strength and reaction time asymmetry between legs and arms.

The effect of deep relax inspiration–pursed lip breathing on nurse fatigue in the emergency department

Reducing nurse fatigue is essential for providing quality and safe services. The deep relax inspiration–pursed lip breathing (DRI–PLB) technique enables increased oxygenation, resulting in a relaxation effect that ultimately lowers the fatigue level. This study determined the effect of DRI–PLB on nurse fatigue levels in this study. This was a pre–post intervention study involving 39 emergency nurses studied for 6 consecutive days. The fatigue level was subjectively measured using the work fatigue measurement questionnaire (KAUPK2) and the visual analogue fatigue scale (VAFS) and objectively measured based on light and sound reaction times. The intervention included performing 10 min of DRI–PLB in the middle of a work shift. Based on KAUPK2, a significant decrease in the fatigue rate (from 71.8% moderate-to-severe fatigue preintervention to 46.2% fatigue post-intervention, p < 0.001) was noted. Daily pre- and postintervention measurements of VAFS and reaction time for 6 days revealed significant improvements in the VAFS score and reaction times, with p < 0.001. The pattern of the work shift was not correlated with the fatigue level. DRI–PLB alleviates work fatigue. Thus, this technique can be used as an option for reducing fatigue in a busy work setting.

Early age noise exposure increases loudness perception - A novel animal model of hyperacusis

The neural mechanisms that give rise to hyperacusis, a reduction in loudness tolerance, are largely unknown. Some reports suggest that hyperacusis is linked to childhood hearing loss. However, the evidence for this is largely circumstantial. In order to rigorously test this hypothesis, we studied loudness changes in rats caused by intense noise exposure (12 kHz narrow band noise, 115 dB SPL, 4 h) at postnatal 16 days. Rats without noise exposure were used as controls. The exposed noise group (n = 7) showed a mean 40–50 dB hearing loss compared to the control group (n = 8) at high frequencies (>= 8 kHz) and less hearing loss at lower frequencies. Loudness was evaluated using sound reaction time and loudness response functions in an operant conditioning-based behavioral task using narrow-band noise (40–110 dB SPL, centered at 2, 4 and 12 kHz). Interestingly, the sound reaction time of the noise group was significantly shorter than the control group at supra-threshold levels. The average reaction time was less than 100 ms in the noise group at 100 dB SPL, which was three times shorter than the control group. Our results indicate that early noise-induced hearing loss leads to a significant increase of loudness, a behavior indicative of hyperacusis. Our results are consistent with clinical reports suggesting that hearing loss at an early age is a significant risk factor for hyperacusis.

Comparative Simple Reactions to Light and Sound.

Series of alternate reactions to light and sound were given to eleven subjects, and very much more extended observations were made on two of the authors. There are individual differences in sound-light reactions depending on the magnitude of the stimuli compared, and on the sensational value of the same stimuli for different subjects. Subjects with relatively short sound reaction times do not have light reaction times decreased in the same degree. There is somewhat more individual difference in reaction time to sound than to light. From Psych Bulletin 18:12:00649. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)